Pygmalion in work organizations: a meta‐analysis

The Pygmalion effect, a type of self‐fulfilling prophecy, has been demonstrated in educational settings with empirical studies, qualitative reviews and meta‐analyses. It has also been studied in organizational settings. This meta‐analysis provides a review of the Pygmalion literature, an analysis of findings to date, and a deeper look into the nature of the effect. The present analysis of 13 effect sizes revealed an overall d for the Pygmalion effect in work organizations of 0.81. Moderator analyses revealed stronger effects when the initial level of performance was low and when the experiment took place in a military rather than a business setting. Implications of these findings are discussed. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

工作场所正念视角下智慧矿山矿工安全行为演化博弈

为深入分析智慧矿山矿工安全行为,从工作场所正念视角出发,构建智慧矿山背景下政府监管部门、安全管理人员、矿工3方演化博弈模型,分析各博弈主体策略选择的稳定性.结果表明:工作场所正念对矿工安全行为有积极影响,矿工工作场所正念的形成对组织有正向反馈支持作用;智慧矿山背景下,政府监管部门强监管能够有效规范煤矿企业管理行为,并引...     

实现我国环保产业升级和跨越式发展的对策

本文分析了我国环保产业的现状及存在的问题 ,从环保产业市场的培育、实现环保产业的升级和跨越式发展提出了发展对策的建议     

煤氧化和阻化机理的红外光谱法研究

利用红外光谱法分析煤氧化和阻化的微观结构变化特征,对研究煤低温氧化和阻化机理有重要意义.采用TENSOR37傅里叶变换红外光谱仪,通过对阳泉无烟煤氧化和阻化的红外光谱图的分析.研究阳泉无烟煤在添加化学阻化剂前后煤分子结构的变化特征.结果表明:红外光谱图中位于高波数的羟基(-OH)吸收峰较弱,吸光度只有0.086～0.122.在加入吸水盐类阻化剂(MgCl2)后,吸光度约为原煤样的1.5倍,谱峰明显加强;在阻化前的低温氧化过程中,酚、醇、醚、酯的C-O吸光度由0.309降到0.207,甲基(-CH3)、亚甲基(-CH2-)的吸光度分别由0.027、0.019、0.042和0.056降到0.012、0.010、0.031和0.047,吸收峰强度逐渐减弱,芳烃C-H吸光度分别由0.031和0.040升高到0.077和0.087;在阻化后的低温氧化过程中,C-O含量基本不变,甲基、亚甲基的吸光度分别由0.017、0.011、0.034和0.040降到0.012、0.009、0.031和0.038,吸收峰减弱的速度明显降低,芳烃C-H的变化并不大.研究表明:在高变质阳泉煤中,含氧官能团和脂肪侧链的含量很低,在低温氧化过程中,很容易被氧化;吸水盐类阻化剂MgCl2可以通过与煤分子间发生取代和络合等作用,增加煤分子的稳定性,提高煤分子氧化的活化能,降低煤的氧化速率.     

Reverse logistics in the Chinese auto-parts firms: implementation framework development through multiple case studies

In recent years, the implementation of reverse logistics (RL) in automobile manufacturing has drawn extensive interest from the Chinese government that has launched relevant take-back and environmental regulations and pilot projects. This study focuses on RL implementation issues in Chinese auto-parts manufacturing sector. Based on comprehensive literature review and multiple case studies in the Chinese auto-parts firms, this paper proposes a conceptual RL framework and highlights the major implementation issues. The purpose of this paper is to draw an overall picture of RL in the Chinese context, highlighting implementation issues in the auto-parts sector. Our study suggests that Chinese RL implementation requires close government monitoring mechanism and incentives, top management commitment within firms, technology and human capabilities support.     

Personality and job performance: the importance of narrow traits

In a recent discussion of the bandwidth–fidelity dilemma in personality measurement for personnel selection, Ones and Viswesvaran (1996) concluded that ‘broader and richer personality traits will have higher predictive validity than narrower traits’. In this paper, the arguments made by Ones and Viswesvaran in favor of the exclusive use of broad personality dimensions are discussed. New data are presented that contradict Ones and Viswesvaran's claim of the existence of a general, integrity-related personality factor, and that show two narrow measures—the Responsibility and Risk Taking scales of the Jackson Personality Inventory—to have higher validities than the Big Five dimensions with respect to job performance criteria based on self-reported workplace delinquency in a sample of 127 entry-level employees. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Insight into the dynamic microbial community and core bacteria in composting from different sources by advanced bioinformatics methods

Microbial communities are important for high composting efficiency and good quality composts. This study was conducted to compare the changes of physicochemical and bacterial characteristics in composting from different raw materials, including chicken manure (CM), duck manure (DM), sheep manure (SM), food waste (FW), and vegetable waste (VW). The role and interactions of core bacteria and their contribution to maturity in diverse composts were analyzed by advanced bioinformatics methods combined sequencing with co-occurrence network and structural equation modeling (SEM). Results indicated that there were obviously different bacterial composition and diversity in composting from diverse sources. FW had a low pH and different physiochemical characteristics compared to other composts but they all achieved similar maturity products. Redundancy analysis suggested total organic carbon, phosphorus, and temperature governed the composition of microbial species but key factors were different in diverse composts. Network analysis showed completely different interactions of core bacterial community from diverse composts but Thermobifida was the ubiquitous core bacteria in composting bacterial network. Sphaerobacter and Lactobacillus as core genus were presented in the starting mesophilic and thermophilic phases of composting from manure (CM, DM, SM) and municipal solid waste (FW, VW), respectively. SEM indicated core bacteria had the positive, direct, and the biggest (>?80%) effects on composting maturity. Therefore, this study presents theoretical basis to identify and enhance the core bacteria for improving full-scale composting efficiency facing more and more organic wastes.

     

Assessing the nexus between COVID-19 pandemic–driven economic crisis and economic policy: lesson learned and challenges

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study examines China’s budgetary policy during the COVID-19 pandemic as a result of China’s insufficient ability to deal with a new...