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401.
Natalia Ospina-Alvarez Łukasz Głaz Krzysztof Dmowski Beata Krasnodębska-Ostręga 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2014,12(3):435-441
The Boles?aw–Bukowno mining area in Poland is highly polluted by elements such as Zn, Pb, Cd and As. The reactivity and mobility of toxic elements such as Tl are poorly known. Here, we studied by sequential extraction the mobility of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Pb, Tl and Zn in sediments from two water reservoirs near Bukowno. Results show that available As, Co, Mn, Pb and Zn are found in carbonate minerals. Available Cd, Cu and Tl are found in sulphides and organic matter. The extractability of As, Cr, Mo and Tl was rather poor. By contrast, 85 % of total Cd, Pb and Zn was mobile. We discuss Tl and Mo association in carbonate sediments from ore deposits. 相似文献
402.
Piotr Rzymski Barbara Poniedzialek Przemysław Niedzielski Piotr Tabaczewski Krzysztof Wiktorowicz 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2014,8(3):427-432
The growth of human population leads to intensification of agriculture and promotes, through eutrophication, development of cyanobacteria. One of the most widespread and bloom-forming species in freshwater is toxic Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa). Combustion of fossil fuels and metallurgical processes are the main sources of heavy metals contamination in surface water including cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb). The following study was conducted in order to determine the effect of 1- 20 mg. L-1 of Cd and Pb on photochemistry (using flow cytometry) and growth (based on chlorophyll concentra- tion) ofM. aeruginosa as well as to estimate levels of metal bioaccumulation. We have found that 1-10mg.L-1 of Cd and 1-5 rag. L1 of Pb induced continuous enhancement of chlorophyll fluorescence during 24 h of incubation. No significant degradation of chlorophyll was observed in these samples. At higher concentrations of 20 mg. L-1 of Cd and 10-20 mg.L-1 of Pb chlorophyll level significantly decreased and its fluorescence was quenched. M. aeruginosa demonstrated high capability of Cd and Pb bioaccumulation, proportionally to initial metal concentration. In samples with initial concentration of 20 mg. L-1 of Cd and Pb bioaccumulation of 87.3% and 90.1% was observed, respectively. Our study demonstrates that M. aeruginosa can potentially survive in highly metals polluted environments, be a primary source of toxic metals in the food chain and consequently contribute to enhanced toxicity of heavy metals to living organisms including human. 相似文献
403.
Aneta Arct Szymon M. Drobniak Edyta Podmokła Lars Gustafson Mariusz Cichoń 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2013,67(11):1809-1815
Extra-pair mating constitutes a relatively common reproductive strategy in many socially monogamous bird species. This strategy may considerably improve reproductive success of males, but female benefits from extra-pair matings still remain unclear and empirical evidence is scarce. This may be because genetic benefits of extra-pair mating are not always revealed. It is possible that they are shown only in unfavourable environmental conditions and hence problems arise with detecting differences between within- and extra-pair offspring whose performance is measured under favourable conditions. In order to test this prediction, we manipulated environmental conditions by altering brood sizes of blue tits and compared phenotypic characteristics of within- and extra-pair offspring in mixed-paternity broods. We found that extra-pair young exhibited a higher response to phytohemagglutinin in comparison to within-pair young, but this was only observed among nestlings from experimentally enlarged broods. These results indicate that genetic benefits may interact with the environment, and thus benefits of extra-pair mating are likely to become visible only when conditions are relatively unfavourable. 相似文献
404.
Izabela Polowczyk Anna Bastrzyk Tomasz Koźlecki Wojciech Sawiński Piotr Rudnicki Adam Sokołowski Zygmunt Sadowski 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2010,32(4):361-366
The aim of this work is to investigate the application of fly ash adsorbent for removal of arsenite ions from dilute solution
(100–1,000 ppm). Experiments were carried out using material from the “Turów” (Poland) brown-coal-burning power plant, which
was wetted, then mixed and tumbled in a granulator to form spherical agglomerates. Measurements of arsenic adsorption from
aqueous solution were carried out at room temperature and natural pH of fly ash agglomerates, in either a shaken flask or
circulating column, to compare two different methods of contacting solution with adsorbent. Adsorption isotherms of arsenic
were determined for agglomerated material using the Freundlich equation. Kinetic studies indicated that sorption follows a
pseudo-second-order model. Preferable method to carry out the process is continuous circulation of arsenite solution through
a column. 相似文献
405.
Jana Kopčeková Anna Kolesárová Anton Kováčik Eva Kováčiková Martina Gažarová Peter Chlebo 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2018,53(5):298-303
The present study was designed to reveal whether long-term consumption of bitter apricot seeds causes changes in lipid profile and other risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The study group consisted of 12 healthy adult volunteers (5 females and 7 males). The average age of women was 41.60 ± 11.28 years and the average age of men was 36.71 ± 13.70 years. Volunteers consumed 60 mg kg?1 of body weight of bitter apricot seeds divided into 8–12 doses daily for 12 weeks. Volunteers were recruited from the general population of Slovak Republic. After 12 weeks, mean body weight of the participants increased from 77.34 to 78.22 kg (P > 0.05). The average total cholesterol levels decreased from 4.86 mmol L?1 at the beginning of the study to 4.44 mmol L?1 at the end of the study (P < 0.05). We did not observe any significant increase in high-density cholesterol (from 1.55 to 1.60 mmol L?1). The average low-density cholesterol levels decreased from 2.93 mmol L?1 at the beginning of the study to 2.31 mmol L?1 at the end of the study (P < 0.001). Concentration of triglycerides increased significantly over the 12-week intervention period from 0.84 to 1.17 mmol L?1. After the intervention, the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level decreased from 1.92 to 1.23 mg L?1, but results were non-significant (P > 0.05). Creatine kinase serum levels increased from 2.31 to 2.77 mg L?1 (P > 0.05) over the 12-week intervention period. The results suggest that regular intake of bitter apricot seeds may be considered potentially useful for prevention of cardiovascular diseases. 相似文献
406.
407.
The Odiel salt marshes (Marismas del Odiel) are an important nature area declared a Biosphere Reserve, but they are greatly
affected by pollution from the Odiel River. Surface sediments from this area were analysed using the latest version of the
BCR sequential extraction procedure to determine the fractionation of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn among four geochemical
phases (acid-soluble, reducible, oxidisable and residual). The total content of each of the metals and As was also determined.
The results showed high concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn, with maximums of 791 mg kg−1 of As, 8.5 mg kg−1 of Cd, 2,740 mg kg−1 of Cu, 1,580 mg kg−1 of Pb and 3,920 mg kg−1 of Zn. The concentrations of Cr, Mn and Ni were low since there are no sources of pollution by them in the area. A comparison
of the metal and As levels with the sediment quality guidelines showed that the pollution is sufficient to produce noxious
effects in aquatic organisms in most of the Odiel salt marshes. Based on the chemical distribution of the elements, it was
found that Cd and Zn were the most mobile (i.e., elements that can pass easily into the water under changing environmental
conditions). However, Cr, Fe, Ni and As were present in the greatest percentages in the residual fraction, which implies that
these elements are strongly linked to the sediments. 相似文献
408.
A method for the determination of residues of mesotrione, atrazine and its degradation products: deethylatrazine, hydroxyatrazine,
deisopropylatrazine, desethyldesisopropylatrazine in a variety of water and soil matrices has been developed. Mesotrione is
a new selective herbicide for use in corn, which has been substituted for atrazine, which has been banned in European Union
countries since 2007. Although atrazine has not been used for three vegetative periods, it is still detected in the environment.
The analysis was conducted by means of ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection and liquid chromatography
with diode array detection. The procedures for analyte separation from water and soil matrices were also established. The
optimal conditions for solid-phase extraction (SPE) were determined. The recoveries were compared with that obtained by means
of SPE. Method fortification recoveries from water samples averaged 78–97% and for soil 80–97% depending on the analyte and
type of sample. The limits of detection were 0.04–0.61 μg/L for water samples and for soil samples 0.02–0.88 μg/g. The soil
samples were collected in spring 2009 from three different fields with water samples being made from effluents from these
fields. Samples collection was conducted in the day of mesotrione (Callisto 100SC) application and then done weekly, until
the mesotrione concentration was below the limit of quantification. The results enabled the monitoring of mesotrione degradation
in soil and its permeability into surface waters; simultaneously, the same studies were conducted for atrazine. 相似文献
409.
Zawadzki J Magiera T Fabijańczyk P Kusza G 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(5):3267-3278
In soil magnetometry, two types of measurements are usually performed. The first type is measurements performed on the soil
surface, frequently using an MS2D sensor. The second type includes measurements of magnetic susceptibility carried out in
the soil profile, usually to a depth of about 30 cm. Up to now, such measurement results were analyzed separately. However,
it is possible and advantageous to integrate these two types of measurements. The goal of the study was to integrate measurements
of magnetic susceptibility performed on the soil surface and in the soil profile. More specifically, the goal was to obtain
3-dimensional spatial distributions of magnetic susceptibility of the topsoil horizon. Results show that it is possible to
effectively integrate measurements of magnetic susceptibility performed on the soil surface and in the soil profile. Moreover,
the 3-dimensional spatial distribution that is obtained shows the magnetic susceptibility of the top 20 cm of soil, which
includes the soil horizons where most of the heavy metals are accumulated. The analysis of such a spatial distribution can
be very helpful in delineating areas where the heightened magnetic susceptibility is a result of the influence of anthropogenic
pollution from those areas where it results from lithogenic origin. It is possible to investigate where the volumes of soil
with heightened magnetic susceptibility are located in the soil profile and in this way investigate which characteristic type
of soil profile it is. 相似文献
410.
Joanna Ewa Przytarska Adam Sokołowski Maciej Wołowicz Herman Hummel Jeroen Jansen 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,166(1-4):461-476
Mussels from Mytilus edulis complex were used as biomonitors of the trace metals Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn, and Cu at 17 sampling sites to assess the relative bioavailability of metals in coastal waters around the European continent. Because accumulated metal concentrations in a given area can differ temporally, data were corrected for the effect of season before large-scale spatial comparisons were made. The highest concentration of Fe was noted in the North Sea and of Mn in the Baltic. Increased tissue concentrations of Pb were recorded in the mussels from the Bay of Biscay and the Baltic Sea. Low concentrations of metals were determined in the mussels from the Mediterranean Sea and the Northern Baltic. Relatively low geographic variations of Cu and Zn indicate that mussels are able to partially regulate accumulated body concentrations, which means Cu and Zn are, to some extent, independent of environmental concentrations. 相似文献