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171.
Including adaptation costs and climate change damages in evaluating post-2012 burden-sharing regimes
Andries F. Hof Michel G. J. den Elzen Detlef P. van Vuuren 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2010,15(1):19-40
Many studies have been published to evaluate the consequences of different post-2012 emission allocation regimes on regional
mitigation costs. This paper goes one step further and evaluates not only mitigation costs, but also adaptation costs and
climate change damages. Three post-2012 emission allocation regimes (Contraction & Convergence, Multistage and Common but
differentiated convergence) and two climate targets (2°C and 3°C above the pre-industrial level) are considered. This explorative
analysis shows that including these other cost categories could lead to different perspectives on the outcomes of allocation
regimes. Up to 2050, the poorest regions have negative mitigation costs under all allocation regimes considered, as they benefit
from emission trading. However, these regions also suffer from the most severe climate impacts. As such, the financial flows
due to emission trading from developed to developing countries created under these allocation regimes could also be interpreted
as compensation of climate change damages and adaptation costs. In the longer run, the sum of climate change damages, adaptation
costs and mitigation costs are the highest in the poorest regions of Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, for both climate targets
and practically all emission allocation regimes. 相似文献
172.
Significance of Bottom-Fishing Disturbance 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Michel J. Kaiser 《Conservation biology》1998,12(6):1230-1235
173.
Emilie Farcy Thierry Burgeot Hansy Haberkorn Michel Auffret Laurent Lagadic Jean-Pierre Allenou Hélène Budzinski Nicolas Mazzella Romain Pete Micheline Heydorff Dominique Menard Florence Mondeguer Thierry Caquet 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(2):630-650
Estuarine areas represent complex and highly changing environments at the interface between freshwater and marine aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, the aquatic organisms living in estuaries have to face highly variable environmental conditions. The aim of this work was to study the influence of environmental changes from either natural or anthropogenic origins on the physiological responses of Mytilus edulis. Mussels were collected in the Vilaine estuary during early summer because this season represents a critical period of active reproduction in mussels and of increased anthropogenic inputs from agricultural and boating activities into the estuary. The physiological status of the mussel M. edulis was evaluated through measurements of a suite of biomarkers related to: oxidative stress (catalase, malondialdehyde), detoxication (benzopyrene hydroxylase, carboxylesterase), neurotoxicity (acetylcholinesterase), reproductive cycle (vitelline, condition index, maturation stages), immunotoxicity (hemocyte concentration, granulocyte percentage, phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species production, oxidative burst), and general physiological stress (lysosomal stability). A selection of relevant organic contaminant (pesticides, (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorobiphenyls) was measured as well as environmental parameters (water temperature, salinity, total suspended solids, turbidity, chlorophyll a, pheopigments) and mussel phycotoxin contamination. Two locations differently exposed to the plume of the Vilaine River were compared. Both temporal and inter-site variations of these biomarkers were studied. Our results show that reproduction cycle and environmental parameters such as temperature, organic ontaminants, and algal blooms could strongly influence the biomarker responses. These observations highlight the necessity to conduct integrated environmental approaches in order to better understand the causes of biomarker variations. 相似文献
174.
Effects of procymidone, fludioxonil and pyrimethanil on two non-target aquatic plants. 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Procymidone, fludioxonil, and pyrimethanil are widely used to control the pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea in Champagne's vineyards. These fungicides may end up in surface waters and present potential risks for aquatic vascular plants and algae. Therefore, their toxicity was evaluated on Lemna minor and Scenedesmus acutus in six-day or 48-h tests, respectively. Based on growth and chlorophyll (Chl) content of L. minor and S. acutus cultures, the results showed that the alga was the most sensitive to the fungicides. Among the fungicides, pyrimethanil was the most toxic for L. minor, its nominal IC50 was 46.16 mg l(-1) and that of the other two was >100 mg l(-1). In contrast, pyrimethanil appeared the least toxic for S. acutus at low concentration, nominal IC50 were 22.81, 4.85, and 4.55 mg l(-1) for pyrimethanil, fludioxonil, and procymidone, respectively. Fate of the fungicides in the media was also investigated and acute toxicity of the agrochemicals is discussed in regard to concentration in the culture media. Poor solubility of procymidone and fludioxonil appeared to be partly responsible for the low toxicity of these fungicides. Based on these toxicity data and the concentrations found in ponds collecting vineyard runoff water, these pesticides should not impair the establishment of pioneer plants. 相似文献
175.
Michel Dedual 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(3):227-231
Some recent experiments have shown with autoradiographic methods the axonal transport of cadmium along the olfactory nerve of the salmon trout.2 We should determine in our experiments the effect of cadmium upon the olfactory nerve at histological level using optical microscopy technics. 相似文献
176.
Saida Barnat Michel Boisset Francine Casse Michel Catteau Jean-Michel Lecerf Daniel Veschambre 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(2):102-107
The increase of fresh vegetable and fruit (FVF) intake could contribute to the prevention of obesity and several major pathologies and thus represents a major public health goal in industrial countries. Nutritional recommendations for increased consumption of FVF could lead to ingestion of unwanted amounts of pesticides. This study was undertaken to evaluate theoretical exposure of French adults to pesticide residues under increasing amounts of FVF intake. Balanced menus with 200 – 400 – 600 – 800 and 1200 g FVF/day were established. Amounts of active substances brought by every FVF vector, at the maximum residue level (MRL) were summed up to determine the intake for each active substance. Values were compared to the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) to point out any potential over exposure. A maximalistic approach was adopted and no reducing factor due to processing was taken into account. It was found that under minimal recommended consumption of fruit and vegetables (400 g/d), no active substance reached the ADI, but 18 vs 144 were over 10% of the ADI. Raising FVF to 600 g/d increased the number of active substances over 10 % of the ADI to 24, but again in no case was the ADI exceeded. Doubling the intake to 800 g/d gives values over the ADI for 2 active substances only (cyhexatin and thirame). It was concluded that the increase in fruit and vegetables up to 800 g per day should not expose adults over the ADIs for a majority of authorized pesticides. In this regard, residues levels of ten active substances in fruit and vegetables should deserve particular attention. 相似文献
177.
Ecological theory predicts that low productivity systems should have low biodiversity. However, despite the oligotrophic status
of the Gulf of Aqaba (Northern Red Sea) ciliate species richness was unexpectedly high. In addition, phytoplankton, as main
ciliate prey, was made up by only few genera, indicating a significant niche overlap among the grazers. Up to 97% of the ciliates
were from the same taxonomic group and of the same size range, implying very similar food niches. Ciliate diversity was highest
at times of lowest chlorophyll concentrations, during the period of stable abiotic conditions, but relatively high genetic
diversity within the ciliate prey, notably among the cyanobacteria Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus. In the absence of disturbance and with little predation pressure, the alternate explanations for the observed ciliate diversity
are either very fine niche partitioning by the ciliates, or their competitive equivalence resulting in a random assortment
of species immigrating from a larger metacommunity, in accordance with Hubbell’s, (The unified neutral theory of biodiversity
and biogeography. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2001) neutral model. While the use of species abundance distributions (SAD’s) is far from definitive, the theoretical SAD’s that
best fit the Gulf of Aqaba ciliate data was most often not that expected by neutral theory. 相似文献
178.
Di Lodovico Eliana Marchand Lilian Oustrière Nadège Burges Aritz Capdeville Gaelle Burlett Régis Delzon Sylvain Isaure Marie-Pierre Marmiroli Marta Mench Michel J. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(20):29314-29331
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The ability of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Badischer Geudertheimer) for phytomanaging and remediating soil ecological functions at a... 相似文献
179.
Dollinger Jeanne Bourdat-Deschamps Marjolaine Pot Valérie Serre Valentin Bernet Nathalie Deslarue Ghislaine Montes Mélanie Capowiez Line Michel Eric 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(14):20098-20111
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Organic waste (OW) reuse in agriculture is a common practice fostered by benefits in terms of waste recycling and crop production. However, OW... 相似文献
180.
Leaching of terbumeton (TER) and terbumeton-desethyl (TED) from mini-columns packed with natural soil aggregates was investigated. Five soil samples from the Champagne area (France) with different physicochemical parameters were used. The soil samples were hand-packed into a 50 mm column in laboratory conditions. An aqueous solution of TER or TED was percolated through the column and collected effluents were analyzed for TER or TED using HPLC-DAD. The leaching experiments showed that TER and TED were moderately mobile. TED was more mobile than TER, possibly because of its higher polarity. The proportion of organic matter affected the mobility of TER and TED through soil columns (r=0.971) and leaching was lowest for soil having the highest organic matter content (5.9%). TER and TED were not significantly influenced by leaching solution composition (deionized water or CaCl(2) solution), but were strongly affected by soil packing. Packing resulted in less rapid release of compounds suggesting that unpacking may have contributed to preferential pathways through the soil columns. Increasing contact time between TER and soils before leaching decreased the mobility of TER and increased its persistence in soils. Indeed, 76% of TER was released when leaching started after a 15 h contact time whereas it was down to 26% after an aging treatment of 360 h. A proportion of TER (from 8% to 32%) and TED (from 8% to 17%) remained in soil. Associated to its high stability in soils this could in part account for a very slow transfer over the years towards the groundwater. 相似文献