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231.
Juan Manuel de Andrés Michel Vedrenne Matteo Brambilla Encarnación Rodríguez 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2019,69(1):23-33
A model was developed to simulate the sewage sludge gasification in an atmospheric fluidised bed gasifier using Aspen Plus. The model here presented was based on the Gibbs free energy minimisation and the restricted equilibrium method was used to calibrate it against previously published experimental data obtained in a lab-scale gasification plant. A sensitivity analysis of the model was carried out by modifying parameters such as the temperature, equivalence ratio (ER) and the steam-to-biomass ratio. The modeled results were in good agreement with the experimental data (especially when air was used as gasifying agent) and reproduced satisfactorily the experimental trends found for the gas composition, the carbon conversion (Xc) and the cold gas efficiency (CGE) under different gasification conditions. Operating at higher temperatures increased the production of H2 and CO, as well as the Xc and the CGE. The increase in ER produced higher Xc, yet the CGE experienced slight changes due to a decrease in the lower heating value of the resulting syngas, as well as the oxidation of combustible gases. The use of air+steam as gasifying agent increased the H2 content of the produced gases but decreased the accuracy of the model.
Implications: Gasification is an available alternative to produce energy as well as several raw materials from sewage sludge. The syngas obtained from this technology totally depends on the type of gasifier and the operation conditions, which can be optimized with the help of models. In this work, a relatively simple model was built using ASPEN PLUS. Despite its simplicity, the outputs of the model are in good agreement with experimental results what makes its use interesting for assessing scaling-up possibilities from lab-scale to pilot-scale gasification processes. 相似文献
232.
Rapinski Michel Payette Fanny Sonnentag Oliver Herrmann Thora Martina Royer Marie-Jeanne S. Cuerrier Alain Siegwart Collier Laura Hermanutz Luise Guanish George 《Regional Environmental Change》2018,18(1):189-203
Regional Environmental Change - For Inuit and Naskapi living in the eastern Canadian Subarctic, local meteorological and environmental conditions (e.g., snow and ice cover extent, thickness, and... 相似文献
233.
Denys Denis Michel Rossignol 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(4):463-491
The first objective of this paper is to compare the observation procedures proposed to characterize physical work. The second objective is to examine the following 3 methodological issues: reliability, observer training, and internal validity. Seventy-two papers were reviewed, 38 of which proposed a new or modified observation grid. The observation variables identified were broken down into 7 categories as follows: posture, exertion, load handled, work environment, use of feet, use of hands, and activities or tasks performed. The review revealed the variability of existing procedures. The examination of methodological issues showed that observation data can be reliable and can present an adequate internal validity. However, little information about the conditions necessary to achieve good reliability was available. 相似文献
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236.
Michel G. J. den Elzen Angelica Mendoza Beltran Andries F. Hof Bas van Ruijven Jasper van Vliet 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2013,18(4):491-512
The European Union (EU) has advocated an emission reduction target for developed countries of 80% to 95% below the 1990 level by 2050, and a global reduction target of 50%. Developing countries have resisted the inclusion of these targets in both the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change Copenhagen Accord and Cancún Agreements. This paper analyses what these targets would imply for emission targets, abatement costs and energy consumption of developing countries, taking into account the conditional emission reduction pledges for 2020. An 80% reduction target for developed countries would imply more stringent per capita emission targets for developing countries than developed countries by 2050. Moreover, abatement costs of developing countries would be higher than those of developed countries. An 85% to 90% reduction target for developed countries would result in similar per capita emission targets and abatement costs for developed and developing countries by 2050. Total reduction targets for developing countries would range from 30% to 40% below 2005 levels by 2050 and from 30% to 35% above 2005 levels by 2030. The 2030 target for China would be 40% to 45% above 2005 levels, compared to a target for the EU of 45% to 50% below 1990 and for the United States of America (USA) 30% to 35% below 1990. Emission target trajectories for Brazil, South Africa and China would peak before 2025 and for India by around 2025. From the analysis, we may conclude that from the viewpoint of developing countries either developed countries increase their target above 85%, and/or make substantial side-payments. 相似文献
237.
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Waste represents a largely untapped source of raw material in many countries, as resource recovery rates remain generally low despite most of the... 相似文献
238.
Bertin Philippe N. Crognale Simona Plewniak Frédéric Battaglia-Brunet Fabienne Rossetti Simona Mench Michel 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(7):9462-9489
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Owing to their roles in the arsenic (As) biogeochemical cycle, microorganisms and plants offer significant potential for developing... 相似文献
239.
Vulnerability of Soil and Its Associated Organic Matter to Degradation in a Subtropical Region: A Study From São Paulo State,Brazil 下载免费PDF全文
240.
Edwin Quarello Fabien Guimiot Jean-Marie Moalic Michel Simoneau Yves Ville Anne-Lise Delezoide 《黑龙江环境通报》2007,27(10):926-931
Objective To investigate the involvement of the genes encoding for COL6A1, COLA2 and super-oxide dismutase (SOD) in the mechanism for the retention of subcutaneous fluid in fetuses with trisomy 21. Methods During a 7-month period (November 2004–May 2005), human fetal skin from the nuchal region was obtained from euploid fetuses and from fetuses with trisomy 21 following abortions and terminations of pregnancy. Cell cultures were performed from nuchal skin. Quantification of COL6A1, COL6A2, COL6A3 and SOD mRNAs were performed using real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Results Twelve fetuses were studied between 13–15 and 19–20 weeks of gestation including 7 cases of trisomy 21. A significant overexpression of genes of interest was demonstrated in trisomy 21 fetuses when compared with euploid fetuses, in the first and in the second trimester of pregnancy (p < 0.0001). Conclusion This study demonstrates a homogeneous overexpression of the genes encoding for α1 and α2 chains of Collagen type VI, and SOD in nuchal skin of human trisomy 21 fetuses. Persistence of this overexpression in the second trimester of pregnancy, despite the absence of an enlarged nuchal translucency (NT), may characterize some compensatory mechanisms. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献