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221.
Pierre-André Jouvet Philippe Michel Gilles Rotillon 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2010,15(1):1-11
We are interested in the impact of pollution permits on wages and profits. We analyze important consequences of introducing
a market of pollution permits. A fundamental issue concerns the initial allocation of such permits: should they be allocated
freely by grandfathering or be auctioned. The international symmetric case allows us to capture the essence of the problem
on income factor. We show that allocating permits to factors in proportion of their contribution to production leads to an
efficient (neoclassical) distribution. Considering the international asymmetric case, we show that a permit market does not
modify the competitive world equilibrium without permits when the total allocation is large enough. When it is not, if allocation
of permits is not proportional to the emissions in the world without permits, there is a reduction factor of emissions that
results from the equilibrium allocation of capital. 相似文献
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224.
Jaco Vangronsveld Rolf Herzig Nele Weyens Jana Boulet Kristin Adriaensen Ann Ruttens Theo Thewys Andon Vassilev Erik Meers Erika Nehnevajova Daniel van der Lelie Michel Mench 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2009,16(7):765-794
Background, aim, and scope
The use of plants and associated microorganisms to remove, contain, inactivate, or degrade harmful environmental contaminants (generally termed phytoremediation) and to revitalize contaminated sites is gaining more and more attention. In this review, prerequisites for a successful remediation will be discussed. The performance of phytoremediation as an environmental remediation technology indeed depends on several factors including the extent of soil contamination, the availability and accessibility of contaminants for rhizosphere microorganisms and uptake into roots (bioavailability), and the ability of the plant and its associated microorganisms to intercept, absorb, accumulate, and/or degrade the contaminants. The main aim is to provide an overview of existing field experience in Europe concerning the use of plants and their associated microorganisms whether or not combined with amendments for the revitalization or remediation of contaminated soils and undeep groundwater. Contaminations with trace elements (except radionuclides) and organics will be considered. Because remediation with transgenic organisms is largely untested in the field, this topic is not covered in this review. Brief attention will be paid to the economical aspects, use, and processing of the biomass.Conclusions and perspectives
It is clear that in spite of a growing public and commercial interest and the success of several pilot studies and field scale applications more fundamental research still is needed to better exploit the metabolic diversity of the plants themselves, but also to better understand the complex interactions between contaminants, soil, plant roots, and microorganisms (bacteria and mycorrhiza) in the rhizosphere. Further, more data are still needed to quantify the underlying economics, as a support for public acceptance and last but not least to convince policy makers and stakeholders (who are not very familiar with such techniques). 相似文献225.
Junxia Wang Maud Mercury Maurice Millet Michel Montury 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(2):365-370
To estimate the atmospheric exposure of the greenhouse workers to pesticides, solid phase microextraction (SPME) was used under non-equilibrium conditions. Using Fick's law of diffusion, the concentrations of pesticides in the greenhouse can be calculated using pre-determined sampling rates (SRs). Thus the sampling rates (SRs) of two modes of SPME in the lab and in the field were determined and compared. The SRs for six pesticides in the lab were 20.4-48.3 mL min−1 for the exposed fiber and 0.166-0.929 mL min−1 for the retracted fiber. In field sampling, two pesticides, dichlorvos and cyprodinil were detected with exposed SPME. SR with exposed SPME for dichlorvos in the field (32.4 mL min-1) was consistent with that in the lab (34.5 mL min-1). SR for dichlorvos in the field (32.4 mL min−1) was consistent with that in the lab (34.5 mL min−1). The trends of temporal concentration and the inhalation exposure were also obtained. 相似文献
226.
Lilian Marchand Celestino-Quintela Sabaris Dominic Desjardins Nadège Oustrière Eric Pesme Damien Butin Gaetan Wicart Michel Mench 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(4):3120-3135
Medicago sativa was cultivated at a former harbor facility near Bordeaux (France) to phytomanage a soil contaminated by trace elements (TE) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). In parallel, a biotest with Phaseolus vulgaris was carried out on potted soils from 18 sub-sites to assess their phytotoxicity. Total soil TE and PAH concentrations, TE concentrations in the soil pore water, the foliar ionome of M. sativa (at the end of the first growth season) and of Populus nigra growing in situ, the root and shoot biomass and the foliar ionome of P. vulgaris were determined. Despite high total soil TE, soluble TE concentrations were generally low, mainly due to alkaline soil pH (7.8–8.6). Shoot dry weight (DW) yield and foliar ionome of P. vulgaris did not reflect the soil contamination, but its root DW yield decreased at highest soil TE and/or PAH concentrations. Foliar ionomes of M. sativa and P. nigra growing in situ were generally similar to the ones at uncontaminated sites. M. sativa contributed to bioavailable TE stripping by shoot removal (in g ha?1 harvest?1): As 0.9, Cd 0.3, Cr 0.4, Cu 16.1, Ni 2.6, Pb 4, and Zn 134. After 1 year, 72 plant species were identified in the plant community across three subsets: (I) plant community developed on bare soil sowed with M. sativa; (II) plant community developed in unharvested plots dominated by grasses; and (III) plant community developed on unsowed bare soil. The shoot DW yield (in mg ha?1 harvest?1) varied from 1.1 (subset I) to 6.9 (subset II). For subset III, the specific richness was the lowest in plots with the highest phytotoxicity for P. vulgaris. 相似文献
227.
Yasmine Souissi Said Kinani Stéphane Bouchonnet Sophie Bourcier Christian Malosse Michel Sablier Nicolas Creusot Enrico Mombelli Selim Aït-Aïssa 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(13):7818-7827
In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of UV-visible irradiation on the estrogenicity of an estrone aqueous solution by using chemical analysis associated with an in vitro bioassay and in silico analysis. An estrone aqueous solution was irradiated with an UV-visible high-pressure mercury lamp. By using the MELN in vitro cellular bioassay, based on the induction of a luciferase reporter gene upon the activation of the estrogen receptor by chemicals, we showed that the estrogenic potency of the solution increased after irradiation. High-performance liquid chromatography fractionation of the photolyzed solution followed by in vitro testing of fractions allowed the quantitation of the estrogenic potency of each fraction. Nine photoproducts were detected and characterized by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry coupling. The observed estrogenic activity is mediated by mono- and multi-hydroxylated photoproducts; it is influenced by the position of hydroxyl groups on the steroidal skeleton. In addition, a structure-activity analysis of the hydroxylated photoproducts confirmed their ability to act as estrogen receptor ligands. 相似文献
228.
Amelène El-Mufleh Béatrice Béchet Véronique Ruban Michel Legret Blandine Clozel Sylvie Barraud Carolina Gonzalez-Merchan Jean-Philippe Bedell Cécile Delolme 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(8):5329-5346
Urban stormwater infiltration basins are designed to hold runoff from impervious surfaces and allow the settling of sediments and associated pollutants. However concerns have been expressed about the environmental impacts that may be exerted by the trapped pollutants on groundwater, soils and ecosystems. In this context, sediment characterization represents a key issue for local authorities in terms of management strategies. During the last two decades, several studies were launched including either physical or chemical characterization of stormwater sediments but without real synthesis of data and methods used. Consequently, there is an important need for reviewing the current experimental techniques devoted to the physico-chemical characterization of sediment. The review is based on the outcomes of two experimental sites for which long term monitoring and data collection have been done: the Cheviré basin (near Nantes) and the Django Reinhardt basin (near Lyon). The authors summarize the studies dealing with bulk properties, pollutant contents, their potential mobility and speciation. This paper aims at promoting the significant progresses that were made through a multidisciplinary approach involving multi-scaled and combined experimental techniques. 相似文献
229.
Michel Y. Montelongo Eduardo F. Herrera Elias Ramirez Jorge I. Carrillo Alfredo Campos Ramón Gomez 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(8):895-902
The city of Aldama, Chihuahua, Mexico is located 30 km NNE of Chihuahua city. Three high-volume collectors with PM10 heads were placed in specific locations in Aldama during the year 2011 to measure radioisotope concentrations in the air. The city area of 16 km2 was divided into 64 squares of 500 × 500 m. At the vertices of the grid, silt samples were taken between January and June 2011, before the rains began. The concentrations of natural, cosmogenic, and anthropogenic radioactive isotopes were calculated in both filters and silts samples. The isotopes selected for the measurement were 238U, 232Th, 7Be, 137Cs, and 40K. Measurements of PM10 and silts were performed during 2011, coinciding with the accident at Fukushima, Japan, on March 11. For this reason, we could see the 137Cs in PM10 increase between April and July; with the arrival of the rains, the 137Cs concentration began to decrease in the air. The concentration of PM10 measured by the equipment located at the Mexican Uranium plant (URAMEX, initials in Spanish) that was processing radioactive ores exceeded the standard values in February and March, when the air velocity increases. At City Hall, the concentration of PM10 surpassed the value of the standard between May and July. This increased concentration is likely due to increased automobile traffic because City Hall is located in the city center. At a private home, the concentration of PM10 surpassed the standard on several days during the year because the home is located on the outskirts of the city, where most of the streets are not paved. Due to the high concentrations of PM10, especially at the collection point located at the private home, it is necessary to start taking steps to mitigate their spread before they cause health problems in the younger population and in older adults.Implications: The radioisotope content found in the PM10 confirms that the decision to place the Mexican Uranium plant (URAMEX, initials in Spanish) processing radioactive ores near the town of Aldama was not well thought out. Because the monitoring work was carried out in 2011 and coincided with the Fukushima accident, an increased concentration of 137Cs could be detected in the PM10. We made recommendations to the municipal authorities of the city to mitigate the concentration of particles in the air. 相似文献
230.