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391.
Mickaël Catinon Sophie Ayrault Roberto Clocchiatti Omar Boudouma Juliette Asta Michel Tissut Patrick Ravanel 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(5):1124-1130
The superficial deposit on the bark surface of several trees (mainly Fraxinus excelsior L.) was sampled in the experimental station of the university campus in Grenoble (France). Its composition was studied by scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray emission (SEM–EDX) and, after digestion, by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The deposit was composed of 81.3% ± 7.4 organic matter, 9.4% ± 4.9 of geogenic minerals issued from the atmosphere (atmospheric geogenic fraction: AGF) and 9.3% ± 2.7 of a mixture of elements which was called anthropogenic atmospheric elements fraction (AAEF). The SEM–EDX analysis showed the presence of particles of geogenic compounds such as different types of silicates, phosphates, carbonates, sulphates, oxides and also particles of metals such as iron or of alloys of Fe–Zn, Fe–Ni, Ni–Cr and Ca sulphates or phosphates. Typical spheres of “fly ashes” composed of pure iron or Al-silicates were detected. Using the SEM–EDX analysis of the deposit and the average local soil composition, an empiric formula for the AGF (without polluting elements) was chosen, which presented a clear analogy with the global formula of the upper continental crust. In the same way, a formula for the pure organic matter fraction was chosen. Withdrawing the elements corresponding to these two fractions allows a tentative estimation of the content of the AAEF which was supposed to better represent the elemental anthropogenic contamination issued from the atmosphere. In the station, most of Sb, Cd, Sn, Pb, Cu, V and Zn were found in the AAEF. This AAEF composition was compared to that of the deposit in a highway tunnel where Pb and Cu were at a very high level. The meaning and the limits of the AAEF concept were critically discussed. 相似文献
392.
Drouillet-Pinard P Boisset M Periquet A Lecerf JM Casse F Catteau M Barnat S 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2011,46(1):84-91
The increase of fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake contributes to the prevention of chronic diseases, but could also significantly increase pesticide exposure and may thus be of health concern. Following a previous pesticide exposure assessment study, the present study was carried out to determine actual levels of pesticides within 400 g of F&V intake and to evaluate consumer risk. Forty-three Active Substances (AS) exceeding 10 % of the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) in balanced menus established for our previous theoretical study were considered. Fifty-six pooled food samples were analyzed: 28 fruit samples and 28 vegetable samples. Pesticide values were compared to Maximum Residue Levels (MRL) and to the "toxicological credit" derived from ADI. It was observed that 23 out of the 43 retained AS were never detected, 5 were detected both in F&V samples, 12 only in fruits and 3 only in vegetables. The most frequently detected AS were carbendazim, iprodione and dithiocarbamates. When detected, AS were more frequently found in fruit samples (74 %) than in vegetable samples (26 %). A maximum of 3 AS were detected at once in a given sample. Overall, we observed 8 and 14 overruns of the MRL in 1204 measures in pooled vegetable and fruit samples, respectively (0.7 % and 1.2 % of cases, respectively). Chronic exposure for adults was the highest for dithiocarbamates but did not exceed 23.7 % of the ADI in F&V. It was concluded that raising both F&V consumption up to 400 g/day (~5 F&V/day) according to recommendations of the national health and nutrition plan, does not induce pesticide overexposure and should not represent a risk for the consumer. 相似文献
393.
This paper attempts to analyse the role of building energy efficiency (BEE) in China in addressing climate change mitigation. It provides an analysis of the current situation and future prospects for the adoption of BEE technologies in Chinese cities. It outlines the economic and institutional barriers to large-scale deployment of the sustainable, low-carbon, and even carbon-free construction techniques. Based on a comprehensive overview of energy demand characteristics and development trends driven by economic and demographic growth, different policy tools for cost-effective CO2 emission reduction in the Chinese construction sector are described. We propose a comprehensive approach combining building design and construction, and the urban planning and building material industries, in order to drastically improve BEE during this period of rapid urban development. A coherent institutional framework needs to be established to ensure the implementation of efficiency policies. Regulatory and incentive options should be integrated into the policy portfolios of BEE to minimise the efficiency gap and to realise sizeable carbon emissions cuts in the next decades. We analyse in detail several policies and instruments, and formulate relevant policy proposals fostering low-carbon construction technology in China. Specifically, Our analysis shows that improving building energy efficiency can generate considerable carbon emissions reduction credits with competitive price under the CDM framework. 相似文献
394.
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a 60-day head-down tilt long-term bed rest (HDT) on stress and recovery in sixteen healthy female volunteers. Participants were randomly assigned to either an exercise group (Exe) that followed a training program combining resistive and aerobic exercises, or to a no-exercise control group (Ctl). Psychological states were assessed using the Rest-Q, a validated questionnaire based on stress–recovery responses. A longitudinal analysis revealed significant changes in the general and specific-stress scales for all participants throughout the experiment with a critical stage from supine to standing posture leading to a significant decrease in physical recovery. During HDT, Exe reported higher scores on stress subscales, as well as lower recovery scores compared to the Ctl. During the post-HDT ambulatory recovery period, the exercisers still reported higher scores than the non-exercisers on the Lack of energy stress-related scale, along with lower scores in general well-being and personal accomplishment. The present findings show that simulated weightlessness such as HDT may induce psychological stress and lead to subsequent alterations in perceived recovery. Exercise did not reduce HDT impaired effects on stress and recovery states. Several suggestions, including psychological preparation, are proposed to support the beneficial effects of exercise on psychological factors. 相似文献
395.
Michel Trousseau Julio Hermida 《生态毒理学报》2001,(2):38-42
布宜诺斯艾利斯市的增长伴随着环境的逐渐恶化,其中包括水流的质量.随着情况的全面恶化,1993年政府将饮用水厂进行了为期30年的私有化,并在布宜诺斯艾利斯市及其17个郊区社区进行净化处理.阿瓜斯阿根廷斯(AguasAgentinas)的用水操作者是里昂水业集团,为了响应当局的要求,提出并着手进行净化处理的新指导模式,这有助于解决该承包区目前的环境问题. 相似文献
396.
Nogaro G Mermillod-Blondin F Montuelle B Boisson JC Lafont M Volat B Gibert J 《Chemosphere》2007,70(2):315-328
The purpose of this study was to quantify the influences of tubificid worms on the biogeochemical functioning of an infiltration system impacted by a stormwater sediment deposit. Effects of worms with stormwater sediment deposit were compared with effects of worms with two other natural sediment deposits (one low and one rich-particulate organic matter deposits). We measured the effects of invertebrates on sediment reworking, organic matter processing, solute fluxes, microbial characteristics, and pollutant release from stormwater deposit to water. Our results showed that tubificid worms had slight effects on microbial activities in presence of the stormwater deposit whereas they significantly stimulated microbial activities in columns impacted by the other two deposits. High contents of labile organic matter contained in stormwater sediments probably led to very strong microbial activities that could not be easily stimulated by worm activities. In our experimental conditions, no significant influence of tubificid worms on the fate of pollutants (heavy metals and PAHs) contained in the stormwater deposit was measured. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that the organic matter characteristics of the stormwater sediments limited the efficiency of tubificid worms to stimulate organic matter mineralization in infiltration systems. 相似文献
397.
Lemmens B Elslander H Vanderreydt I Peys K Diels L Oosterlinck M Joos M 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2007,27(11):1562-1569
Plasma gasification is an innovative technology for transforming high calorific waste streams into a valuable synthesis gas and a vitrified slag by means of a thermal plasma. A test program has been set up to evaluate the feasibility of plasma gasification and the impact of this process on the environment. RDF (refuse derived fuel) from carpet and textile waste was selected as feed material for semi-pilot gasification tests. The aim of the tests was: (1) to evaluate the technical feasibility of making a stable synthesis gas; (2) to characterize the composition of this synthesis gas; (3) to define a suitable after-treatment configuration for purification of the syngas and (4) to characterize the stability of the slag, i.e., its resistance to leaching for use as a secondary building material. The tests illustrate that plasma gasification can result in a suitable syngas quality and a slag, characterized by an acceptable leachability. Based on the test results, a further scale-up of this technology will be prepared and validation tests run. 相似文献
398.
Bertin Philippe N. Crognale Simona Plewniak Frédéric Battaglia‑Brunet Fabienne Rossetti Simona Mench Michel 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(7):9490-9490
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - 相似文献