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51.
The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of enhanced electrokinetic remediation technology for controlled leaching and collection of labile arsenic fractions from mine tailings. Direct current was applied to tailings for 20 d using ammonium oxalate and sodium hydroxide as enhancement solutions. Migration of arsenic was observed, resulting in 63-71% removal near the cathode but only 6-17% overall removal in the entire tailings matrix in 20 d. However, significant migration of arsenic towards the anode and accumulation in a collection well near the anode was observed, especially under alkaline conditions. Thus, treatment time and consumption of chemicals could probably be reduced by installing specific collection or adsorption zones near the anode. A relationship between electrokinetic mobility of arsenic and other elements and their extractability in sequential extraction tests was established, indicating that dissolution or desorption of the elements and thermodynamic conditions (pH and Eh gradient) played a bigger role in the electrokinetic removal process than electromigration of soluble ions. 相似文献
52.
Detailed PCB congener patterns in incinerator flue gas and commercial PCB formulations (Kanechlor) 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
In this study, we determined the detailed PCB congener patterns in flue gases from eight incinerators and four commercial PCB formulations (Kanechlors). About 160 PCB peaks were identified in samples using a DB-5 column and HRGC/HRMS. The concentration of incinerator stack emission gas ranged from 0.02 to 44 ngWHO-TEQ/Nm3. The ratios of dioxin-like PCBs in the total PCB concentration were from 3.4% to 25.7% and from 0.63% to 9.1% in stack emission gases and Kanechlor samples, respectively. The PCB congener profiles of Kanechlor samples were similar to those of previous studies. To determine characteristic congeners in flue gas and Kanechlor samples, principal component analysis (PCA) of the data was conducted using STATISTICA for Windows 5.0J (StatSoft, Inc.). As a result, we obtained four principal components (PCs) and accounted for 74% of the total variance. PC 1 was interpreted combustion, PC 2 and PC 3 were interpreted the difference in the number of substituted chlorines and, PC 4 could not be determined. Moreover, we obtained three groups according to the PCB congeners pattern among samples by PCA. These specific congeners that represent characteristics of each class were identified. These data will be useful for the source analysis of PCBs in the environment. 相似文献
53.
Yatoo Ali Mohd Ali Md. Niamat Zaheen Zarka Baba Zahoor Ahmad Ali Shafat Rasool Saiema Sheikh Tahir Ahmad Sillanpää Mika Gupta Pankaj Kumar Hamid Burhan Hamid Basharat 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2022,20(4):2573-2596
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Two million tonnes of pesticides are currently used globally to improve crop production, yet these pesticides induce adverse effects on soil quality and... 相似文献
54.
Paudyal Rukumesh Kang Shichang Guo Junming Tripathee Lekhendra Sharma Chhatra Mani Huang Jie Li Yang Yan Fangping Wang Kun Chen Jizu Qin Xiang Sillanpaa Mika 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(37):51530-51543
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this work, samples of surface snow, surface ice, snow pit and meltwater from the Laohugou Glacier No. 12 on the northern edge of Tibetan Plateau... 相似文献
55.
Kari Hiltunen Jukka V. SeppÄlÄ Merja ItÄvaara Mika HÄrkönen 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》1997,5(3):167-173
The biodegradability of lactic acid based poly(ester-urethanes) was studied using the headspace test method, which was performed
at several elevated temperatures. The poly(ester-urethanes) were prepared using a straight two-step lactic acid polymerization
process. The lactic acid is first condensation polymerized to a low molecular weight hydroxyl-terminated telechelic prepolymer
and then the molecular weight is increased with a chain extender such as diisocyanate. In the biodegradation studies the effect
of different stereostructures (different amounts of D-units in the polymer chain), the length of ester units, and the effect
of crosslinking on the biodegradation rate were studied. The results indicate that poly(ester-urethanes) do not biodegrade
at 25‡C, but at elevated temperatures they biodegrade well. The different stereostructures and crosslinking have a strong
influence on the biodegradation rate. The length of ester units in the polymer chain also affects the biodegradation rate,
but much less than crosslinking and stereostructure. 相似文献
56.
Toivola M Alm S Reponen T Kolari S Nevalainen A 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2002,4(1):166-174
The aim of this study was to compare the personal exposure to particles and bioaerosols with that measured by stationary samplers in the main microenvironments, i.e., the home and the workplace. A random sample of 81 elementary school teachers was selected from the 823 teachers working for two councils in eastern Finland for the winter time measurement period. Bioaerosol and other particles were collected on filters by button samplers using personal sampling and microenvironmental measurements in homes and workplaces. The 24-hour sampling period was repeated twice for each teacher. Particle mass, absorption coefficient of the filter and the concentration of viable and total microorganisms were analyzed from each filter. In this paper, the study design, quality assurance principles and results of particle and bioaerosol exposure are described. The results show that particle mass concentrations, absorption coefficient and fungi were higher in personal exposure samples than in home and workplace samples. Furthermore, these concentrations were usually lower in the home than in the workplace. Bacterial concentrations were highest in heavily populated workplaces, while the viable fungi concentrations were lowest in workplaces. The fungi and bacteria results showed high variation, which emphasises the importance of quality assurance (duplicates and field blanks) in the microbial field measurements. Our results indicate that personal exposure measurements of bioaerosols in indoor environments are feasible and supplement the information obtained by stationary samplers. 相似文献
57.
Nicola Tiso Jurgita Mikašauskaitė Mantas Stankevičius Vilija Snieškienė Antanina Stankevičienė Chiara Polcaro 《毒物与环境化学》2016,98(1):77-89
A group of 36 fungal strains, belonging to the Lithuanian mycobiota, was collected and isolated from different locations, habitats, and matrices, including creosote-treated wood in storage yards for crosstie wastes. The eight most perspective strains selected according to preliminary assessment of tolerance to coal tar were subsequently identified combining taxonomical evaluation and molecular techniques. The tolerance of the eight identified fungal species (five basidiomycetes and three ascomycetes) to the presence of various concentrations of coal tar, and for the four most perspective fungal strains (Pleurotus sp., Schizophyllum sp., Irpex lacteus, Bjerkandera adusta) to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was evaluated. The ligninolytic enzymatic activity assay of the isolated strains resulted in a good correspondence between the tolerance to pollutants and the capability to produce ligninolytic enzymes indicating that this group of white-rot fungi is perspective for further investigation and eventual usage for mycoremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons polluted substrates. 相似文献
58.
Pirkanniemi K Vuorio AM Vilhunen S Metsärinne S Sillanpää M 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2008,15(3):218-221
Goal, Scope and Background Complexing agents are one of the major environmental concerns in electrolytic and chemical surface treatment (ECST) industry;
e.g. the EU reference document on the best available technology (BREF) pays special attention to the usage of EDTA. However,
no comprehensive studies are available on usage of EDTA or other complexing agents or their load to the receiving waters from
ECST industry. In this study, the concentrations of complexing agents were analyzed to get an overview of their usage and
load and also to recognize their relevance in the environmental permitting and compliance monitoring of such facilities.
Methods Complexing agent concentrations of treated waste water samples of 23 ECST plants with vat volume exceeding 30 m3 was studied. HPLC and GC-MS were used to analyze and identify complexing agent concentrations, ICP-AES to analyze metals,
and TOC to analyse the organic load. The number of the plants in this study equals around 50% of such installations in Finland
subject to environmental permit as the IPPC directive provides.
Results EDTA, DTPA, and NTA were found in 11 samples out of 23 mainly in rather small concentrations. Their annual load to the receiving
waters may be estimated to be 0.3 tons and the total load from Finnish ECST industry can be extrapolated to be up to 1 ton.
Compared to the estimated use of 5–10 tons in the industry this finding is rather low, even though in Finland cast-off treatment
baths are typically delivered to the hazardous waste treatment plants.
Discussion Since the load of complexing agents is rather low, the chemical waste water treatment seems to be either capable of reducing
complexing agent concentrations to some extent or their usage is lower than expected. On the other hand, it is possible that
not all complexing agents were identified from the samples. The metal concentrations and TOC were well hand in hand with concentrations
found in the Finnish environmental database, which proves that the samples were of average quality of the waste water from
the facilities.
Conclusions According to the results, complexing agents cannot be considered as an environmental risk in the ECST industry in Finland;
EDTA concentrations are clearly below PNECaqua (2.2 mg/l) and the total discharge is very marginal compared to the discharge from the pulp and paper industry. However,
DPTA seems to be as commonly used as EDTA, but also biodegradable NTA was found.
Recommendations and Perspectives Since EDTA has gained plenty of attention in the BREF, DTPA and other, poorly biodegradable complexing agents should also
be taken into account when the BREF is updated within a few years. Also an EU risk assessment report especially for DTPA should
be supplied, since its use is obviously increasing. 相似文献
59.
Jouko Kumpula Mika Kurkilahti Timo Helle Alfred Colpaert 《Regional Environmental Change》2014,14(2):541-559
Roles of intensive reindeer grazing and several additional land use factors in the reduction in ground lichens (Cladonia spp.) in pastures grazed by the semi-domesticated reindeer have been argued in Finland. Our analysis showed that several factors and processes explain the standing biomass of lichens (during 2005–2008) and the recent changes in this biomass (after 1995–1996) on lichen pastures located in the 20 northernmost herding districts in Finland. The higher the long-term reindeer densities on the lichen pastures the lower was the lichen biomass. The lichen biomass was also strongly affected by the grazing system; the lowest biomass values of lichens were measured in all grazing areas that were used in the snow-free seasons. The lichen biomass in pine forests less than 80 years old and in all mountain type lichen pastures was lower than that in mature and old pine forests. The lichen biomass also decreased as the proportion of arboreal lichen pastures within a district decreased and the proportion of human infrastructure increased. The aerial drift of heavy metals from the Kola Peninsula appeared to reduce lichens in a small north-eastern part of the study area. Increases in summer precipitation and winter temperatures increased the amount of lichens, but increases in summer temperatures and winter precipitation had the opposite effect. Reindeer densities, grazing system, pasture type and the previous abiotic factors were also associated with the reduction in lichen biomass between the inventories. We conclude that several local, regional and even global factors and processes affect the state of reindeer pastures in large and complex grazing ecosystems. Therefore, more comprehensive research and management strategies for the entire reindeer herding environment are needed. 相似文献
60.
Emmanuelle Vulliet Mikaël Tournier Antoine Vauchez Laure Wiest Robert Baudot Florent Lafay Agneta Kiss Cécile Cren-Olivé 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(12):7512-7521
To collect a complete dataset regarding the occurrence of organic substances in groundwater, this study presents the examination of 66 organic contaminants in the groundwater of overseas departments, including pesticides, pharmaceutical compounds, hormones and some industrial substances. The selective and sensitive analytical methods are described. These techniques begin with solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by analysis using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-ToF-MS). The paper summarises the analytical results from 40 sampling points collected during two campaigns in Guadeloupe, Martinique, Reunion, Mayotte and Guiana, representing 80 samples. Of the 66 target substances, 36 were determined at least once. Among the most frequently detected are bisphenol A (frequency, 96 %; max., 7,400 ng/L), caffeine (frequency, 91 %; max., 1,240 ng/L), pentachlorophenol (frequency, 55 %; max., 418 ng/L), and carbamazepine (frequency, 56 %; max., 22 ng/L). The results do not put in evidence that the origin of the sample or climatic characteristics of these regions influence the dilution and release of micropollutants. 相似文献