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251.
外源Cd对不同利用方式红壤脲酶活性的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用室内培养实验,通过将外源Cd添加到同一母质、全镉含量相近的不同利用方式的红壤中(林地、水稻土和菜园土),研究了外源Cd污染对不同利用方式红壤脲酶活性的影响。结果表明:整个培养过程中,Cd污染对3种红壤脲酶活性都有抑制作用,且随重金属浓度的增强而增强。同剂量Cd污染对3种红壤脲酶活性的抑制效应不同,大小为林地>水稻土>菜园土。实验设定的Cd处理水平下,对林地、水稻土和菜园土脲酶活性产生显著抑制作用(p<0.05)的Cd浓度分别为5、30和50 mg/kg土。 相似文献
252.
某矿区土壤和地下水重金属污染调查与评价 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为了解湘南某矿区土壤和地下水重金属污染状况,对该矿区东河流域附近重金属污染源进行了调查,同时,对地下水和土壤样品进行了采样分析,结果表明:(1)该矿区东河流域附近的主要污染源有18个,其中有色金属选厂、尾矿库、采矿场和冶炼厂是排放重金属较多的污染源;(2)20个采样点中土壤重金属Pb、Cd、Zn、As和Hg大部分超过国家土壤环境质量标准(GB15618-1995),综合污染指数P综〉1,该矿区主要的重金属污染元素为Cd、As和Hg,且土壤中Cd、Zn和As的含量两两之间存在着极显著的正线性相关关系;(3)重金属元素在土壤中的纵向迁移不明显,该矿区附近20个采样点的地下水并未受到污染,综合污染指数P综〈1。20个采样点地下水Pb、Cd、Zn、As、Hg浓度均能达到地下水质量标准(GB/T14848.9)中的Ⅲ类标准。 相似文献
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254.
Changpeng Zhang Hua Zhao Lifeng Ping Xiaoming Cai Min Wu Hongmei He 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):319-323
This study investigated the degradation of rizazole in water-sediment systems (West Lake system, WL; Beijing–Hangzhou Grand Canal system, BG) with two different types of sediments under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The half-lives of rizazole in the WL water phase (14.59–15.13 d) were similar to those in the BG water phase (15.90–16.46 d). Within 3–7 d, the rizazole concentration in the sediments reached the maximum values, i.e., equilibrium. Rizazole dissipation was faster in the WL sediment phase with higher organic matter content (T1/2 = 18.99–19.09 d) compared with the BG sediment phase (T1/2 = 31.08–33.32 d). Rizazole degradation was slightly faster in the West Lake water-sediment system (WL system) (T1/2 = 17.11–18.05 d) than in the Beijing–Hangzhou Grand Canal water—sediment system (BG system) (T1/2 = 20.51–25.02 d). The aerobic degradation of rizazole was similar to its anaerobic degradation in the water-sediment system. The findings are useful to understand the behavior of pesticide in environment. 相似文献
255.
Xian-De Xie Xiao-Bo Min Li-Yuan Chai Chong-Jian Tang Yan-Jie Liang Mi Li Yong Ke Jie Chen Yan Wang 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(9):6050-6058
Floatation tailings (FT) are the main by-products of the hydrothermal sulfidation–flotation process. FT (FT1 and FT2) were obtained by treating two different neutralization sludges (NS) (NS1 and NS2). This paper quantitatively evaluated the environmental risks of heavy metals (Zn, Cd, Cu, Pb, and As) in FT versus NS. The total concentration and leaching rates (R 2) of heavy metals in FT were much lower than those in NS, demonstrating that the hydrothermal sulfidation–flotation process was able to effectively suppress the mobility and leachability of heavy metals. The BCR-three sequence leaching procedure of FT confirmed that all metals were transformed into more stable forms (residue and oxidizable forms) than were found that in NS. The potential ecological risk index indicated that the overall risks caused by heavy metals decreased significantly from 6627.59 and 7229.67 (very serious risk) in NS1 and NS2, respectively, to 80.26 and 76.27 (low risk) in FT1 and FT2, respectively. According to the risk assessment code, none of the heavy metals in FT posed significant risk to the natural environment except Zn (with low risk). In general, the risk of heavy metals in FT had been well controlled. 相似文献
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258.
Qinsong Xu Han Qiu Weiyue Chu Yongyang Fu Sanjuan Cai Haili Min Sha Sha 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(12):8672-8679
Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate copper (Cu) subcellular distribution and toxicity in Hydrilla verticillata. Fronds were subjected to different concentrations (15, 75, and 150 μM) of Cu for 7 days. Cu grains were found in cell walls, plasmodesmata, and within the nuclei and chloroplasts using the autometallographic technique. Subcellular fractionation of Cu-containing tissues indicated that in leaves subjected to high Cu concentrations, 59–65 % of the element was located in the cell wall fraction, followed by cell organelles (21–30 %) and the soluble fraction (10–14 %). The levels of K, P, Zn, and Mg declined under all Cu concentrations, but Ca, Mn, and Fe contents reached their peak at 15 μM Cu and decreased thereafter. F v/F m, F 0, and F m fell significantly in line with the decrease in pigment content. Cu exposure also caused significant damage to the chloroplasts, mitochondria, and nuclei, including disintegration of the chloroplasts and vacuolization of the mitochondria and nuclei, all of which suggested that Cu hastened plant senescence. The Cu maximum permissible concentration for H. verticillata was 10 μM, which was less than the existing general water quality standard. This suggested that H. verticillata could be used to assess Cu phytotoxicity. 相似文献
259.
基于BP人工神经网络的城市PM2.5浓度空间预测 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对PM2.5日均质量浓度,采用BP人工神经网络模型,预测研究区空气中PM2.5浓度的空间变异,通过与普通克里格(Ordinary Kriging)插值方法对比验证BP人工神经网络预测模型的精度.结果表明:BP人工神经网络预测模型下研究区检验样本点位置的PM2.5仿真浓度与观测浓度之间的均方差、平均绝对误差、平均相对偏差和相关系数分别为0.296 μg2/m6、0.412 μg/m3、1.650%和0.851;而与此同时,普通克里格插值方法下的对应结果分别为1.041 μg2/m6、0.689 μg/m3、11.910%、0.638.研究成果在肯定BP人工神经网络预测模型可用于揭示PM2.5浓度空间变异特征的同时,也证实了其相对于普通克里格插值方法在固定空间点位准确预测PM2.5浓度方面的优势. 相似文献
260.
TiO2/ACF复合材料吸附-光催化降解甲醛的实验研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
甲醛作为对人类具有高致癌风险的有机污染物,对其工作场所的安全要求也越来越严格。其减少及脱除需要发展更加高效的技术手段。本文以甲醛为目标化合物,在自行设计的气相光催化反应器中,以254nm紫外灯作光源,研究其在TiOE/ACF复合材料上的吸附一光催化降解行为。探讨了甲醛的初始浓度,光照强度、空气湿度等对甲醛吸附一光催化降解效率的影响。初步探讨了甲醛的降解机理。结果表明:TiOE/ACF复合材料对甲醛具有极好的降解效果,较低浓度的甲醛,经2h光照,甲醛蒸气降解率达到99.9%(初始浓度为1.93mg/m^3);甲醛降解率随空气湿度增加而明显增加,适当地水分加入有利于产生羟基活性自由基,促进催化降解反应。实验结果对降低污染区域工作人员的职业中毒风险有重要的意义。 相似文献