城市合流污水A２/O处理系统中TTC ETS活性监测研究

研究了温度和F/M的变化对A^２/O系统TTCETS活性的影响,分析了TTCETS活性与COD降解的相关关系;通过低C/N冲击下TTCETS活性和理化指标的比较,讨论了以TTCETS活性表征系统运行状况的优劣.结果表明,一定范围内,温度与F/M均与TTCETS活性成正相关,TTCETS活性(TF/TSS·t)变化范围约13.2～48.3 mg/(g·h),最大值约为60 mg/(g·h);TTCETS活性与COD去除率相关性显著,并且TTCETS活性可预警系统的异常状态,当TTCETS活性为41.0 mg/(g·h)时,COD去除效率最高.     

化学链燃烧中钙基载氧体CaS04再生的氧化反应机理

在热重和红外联用进行等温实验的基础上,探讨了氧体积分数为10%、20%,970-1150℃温度范围内化学链燃烧过程中钙基载氧体再生(cas)的氧化特性-结果显示,CaS氧化的直接产物主要为CaSO4,只有在诱导期生成极少量CaO和SO2;但CaSO4与CaS还可进一步反应,生成更多Can和S02.通过对氧气浓度和温度的实验条件改变,研究了CaS04的转化率、转化速率,并辅以S02析出速率分析,获得了CaSO4相对于CaO的瞬时选择性、Ca.SO4的收率和反应选择率.结果表明,钙基载氧体CaSO.再生过程氧化反应的适宜条件为温度970-1000℃以及较高的氧气气氛.这不仅可以抑制S02的排放量从而得到较高的反应选择率.同时反应过程也具有较高的转化速率.     

乐清湾养殖区富营养化现状分析与评价

通过对乐清湾春、夏、秋、冬(2007～2008年)4个航次的调查,分析研究了乐清湾养殖区富营养化现状和变化趋势.研究结果表明,乐清湾水域营养盐含量十分丰富,全年无机磷、无机氮均超四类海水水质标准.基于8个监测站点的有机污染指数(A值)和富营养化指数(E值)的计算结果,发现整个乐清湾水体污染已达到严重污染程度.     

城市污水处理系统中氨氧化细菌种群结构研究

利用PCR-DGGE(变性梯度凝胶电泳)技术对北京7个城市污水厂中10个处理系统的氨氧化细菌(AOB)种群结构进行了调查研究,发现城市污水厂的AOB种群多样性不高,除了硝化效果不好的一个污水厂外,其他9个污水处理系统中均检测到AOB的存在.切胶测序结果表明主要属于Nitrosomomu oligotropha/aestuarii-like cluster.     

含酚废水处理系统中苯酚降解菌的分离及分离物多样性分析

用富集培养和直接涂平板培养的方法,从含酚废水处理系统的悬浮污泥中分别分离了57株和55株苯酚降解菌.112株分离物经ERIC-PCR指纹图谱分析,共显示了15种差异明显的ERIC-PER指纹图谱,表明至少应有15种不同的菌株.其中直接涂平板法得到的分离物占有11种,富集培养法得到的分离物占4种.将直接涂平板得到的分离物,与来自不同种属苯酚降解菌的LmPH(the largest subunit of multi-component phenol hydroxylase)等位基因分子进行杂交显示,该11种分离物可分为3种以上不同的LmPH代谢类型;而富集培养获得的分离物巾只显示1种LmPH代谢类型.对显示不同ERIC-PCR指纹图的15个代表荫株的生长和苯酚降解效率进行研究发现,其中F-6菌株在苯酚浓度0.4～1.4g·L-1范围内,其苯酚降解效率达到了70%～100%.     

城市污水中的生物毒性及其臭氧削减效果研究

分别利用酵母双杂交和umu试验对5个城市9个污水处理厂进出水中生物遗传毒性和视黄酸受体(BAR)结合活性进行了调查.并考察了臭氧氧化对这两种生物效应的去除效果.结果表明,城市污水中存在不同程度的生物遗传毒性和视黄酸受体(RAR)结合活性,通过生物处理可以大幅削减污水中的RAR结合活性和生物遗传毒性,但污水厂出水中仍然普遍具有遗传毒性,部分残留RAR结合活性.5～10mg·L-1的臭氧可以有效削减二级出水中残留的BAR结合活性和遗传毒性,是一种有效的提高水质安全性的污水深度处理技术.     

高分子重金属絮凝剂MAPEI处理含汞废水

以聚乙烯亚胺、巯基乙酸为原料,通过酰胺化反应合成了一种新型高分子重金属絮凝剂--巯基乙酰聚乙烯亚胺(MAPEI),研究其处理含汞废水的性能,并对几个影响因素进行了考察.实验结果表明:①该絮凝剂对Hg2+有很好的捕集功能,其中2万分子量的MAPEI去除率最高;②pH值会影响Hg2+的去除;③碱金属和碱土金属离子对Hg2+的去除有促进作用;④C1-、NO3-可促进对Hg2+的去除,而SO2/4-对Hg2+的去除有抑制作用;⑤Hg2+和致浊物质共存时,会相互促进彼此的去除;⑥Hg2+和致浊物质共存时,MAPEI对Hg2+的去除率比TGA的去除率高.     

Examination of in vivo mutagenicity of sodium arsenite and dimethylarsinic acid in gpt delta rats

Arsenic is a well-known human bladder and liver carcinogen, but its exact mechanism of carcinogenicity is not fully understood. Dimethylarsinic acid(DMAV) is a major urinary metabolite of sodium arsenite(i As~Ⅲ) and induces urinary bladder cancers in rats. DMAVand i As~Ⅲare negative in in vitro mutagenicity tests. However, their in vivo mutagenicities have not been determined. The purpose of present study is to evaluate the in vivo mutagenicities of DMAVand i As~Ⅲin rat urinary bladder epithelium and liver using gpt delta F344 rats.Ten-week old male gpt delta F344 rats were randomized into 3 groups and administered 0,92 mg/L DMAV, or 87 mg/L i As~Ⅲ(each 50 mg/L As) for 13 weeks in the drinking water. In the mutation assay, point mutations are detected in the gpt gene by 6-thioguanine selection(gpt assay) and deletion mutations are identified in the red/gam genes by Spi-selection(Spi-assay). Results of the gpt and Spi-assays showed that DMAVand i As~Ⅲhad no effects on the mutant frequencies or mutation spectrum in urinary bladder epithelium or liver. These findings indicate that DMAVand i As~Ⅲare not mutagenic in urinary bladder epithelium or liver in rats.     

洪湖、梁子湖水体富营养化研究

2015年3月对洪湖、梁子湖进行了水质监测。依据实测数据,结合洪湖湿地自然保护区和梁子湖林业局监测数据和文献数据,采用综合营养状态指数法对洪湖、梁子湖的富营养化状态进行评价;并根据各因子在综合营养状态指数中所占比重和地表水水质标准,对各因子做了比较。结果表明:洪湖、梁子湖综合营养状态指数分别为57.2、42.5。即洪湖为轻度富营养、梁子湖为中营养;各因子对洪湖、梁子湖富营养化的贡献大致相同,即Chla为首,TP、COD_(Mn)和SD次之、TN最后。     

Case Study Comparing Multiple Irrigated Land Datasets in Arizona and Colorado,USA

While there are currently a number of irrigated land datasets available for the western United States (U.S.), there is uncertainty regarding in how they relate to each other. To help understand the characteristics of available irrigated datasets, we compared (1) the Cropland Data Layer (CDL), (2) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Irrigated Agriculture Dataset (IAD), (3) Digitized Irrigated Land (DIL), and (4) Consumptive Use for Irrigation (CUI) data in Arizona and Colorado, U.S. These datasets were derived from multiple sources at various spatial resolutions and temporal scales. We found spatial and temporal trends among all of them. The datasets showed decreases in irrigated land area in Arizona during the 2000–2010 time period. The change ranges and ratios were similar in all Arizona datasets. Irrigated land in Colorado decreased in DIL and CUI but increased in IAD and CDL. The agreement within the same type of dataset during different time periods was from 60% to 80% (R² from 0.35 to 0.72) in Arizona and from 50% to 80% (R² from 0.23 to 0.68) in Colorado. DIL had the highest agreement (80%) in both states. The agreement among different datasets acquired at approximately the same time frame ranged from 51% to 63% (R² from 0.14 to 0.31) in Arizona and from 47% to 69% (R² from 0.32 to 0.40) in Colorado. The results from this study support a greater understanding of the multiresolution and multitemporal nature of these datasets for various applications.