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171.
通过分析厦门地震台数字化观测中出现的误处理事件,查找出诸多原因,如预处理软件存在BUG、数据处理方法不当、电源故障等。也提出一些预防办法。 相似文献
172.
近年来,废弃产品回收处理行业日益受到政府和社会各界的关注,而回收处理企业是实施回收处理活动的主体,相关法律、法规的出台对回收处理企业提出了更高的要求。本文在概括梳理相关法律、法规的基础上,初步建立了废弃产品回收处理企业环境绩效评价指标体系,为回收处理企业采用先进的技术工艺、降低环境负荷、加强职业健康监护和企业环境管理提供参考,以适应国家政策要求和行业发展的需要。 相似文献
173.
芽孢杆菌 B1胞外活性物质对球形棕囊藻的溶藻特性研究 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
从珠海香洲码头赤潮海水中分离获得1株对球形棕囊藻有显著溶藻效果的芽孢杆菌B1,研究了B1对棕囊藻的溶藻作用方式,溶藻过程中藻细胞结构变化,并采用透析、乙醇沉淀、有机溶剂萃取、酸碱及热稳定性分析等方法探讨了溶藻活性物质的性质.结果表明,B1无菌滤液对棕囊藻有较强的溶藻效应,除藻率达94.9%,B1通过分泌活性物质间接对球形棕囊藻的生长产生抑制;藻培养液中加入B1无菌滤液16 h后,藻细胞发生团聚,细胞壁失去完整性,56 h后藻细胞破碎,胞内物质溶出;相对分子质量<3 500的分泌物是溶藻过程中起主要作用的活性物质,具有较强极性和热稳定性,在121℃加热20 min后,仍然有良好的溶藻能力,除藻率达92.6%,活性物质在pH 9.0左右溶藻能力较强,在乙醇中不发生沉淀反应,由此推测该活性物质为含有酸性或碱性基团的非生物活性分子,不属于蛋白质、核酸、多糖等物质. 相似文献
174.
双筒型微生物燃料电池生物阴极反硝化研究 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
利用双筒型微生物燃料电池生物阴极实现电反硝化脱氮,考察外电阻大小、进水硝酸盐和有机物浓度对产电和反硝化的影响.当外电阻从50Ω下降到5Ω,硝酸盐去除速率由0.26 mg/(L.h)上升到0.76 mg/(L.h);在外电阻为5Ω时,亚硝氮积累浓度达55 mg/L;硝酸盐起始浓度在20~120 mg/L时硝酸盐降解满足0级反应,硝酸盐浓度对MFC产电影响不显著;亚硝氮的积累浓度随硝酸盐起始浓度增加而增加,最高可达到35 mg/L;有机物的加入能提高阴极反硝化速度,避免亚硝酸盐积累,对MFC产电影响不大. 相似文献
175.
Myrmecophily provides various examples of how social structures can be overcome to exploit vast and well-protected resources.
Ant nest beetles (Paussinae) are particularly well suited for ecological and evolutionary considerations in the context of
association with ants because life habits within the subfamily range from free-living and predatory in basal taxa to obligatory
myrmecophily in derived Paussini. Adult Paussini are accepted in the ant society, although parasitising the colony by preying
on ant brood. Host species mainly belong to the ant families Myrmicinae and Formicinae, but at least several paussine genera
are not host-specific. Morphological adaptations, such as special glands and associated tufts of hair (trichomes), characterise
Paussini as typical myrmecophiles and lead to two different strategical types of body shape: while certain Paussini rely on
the protective type with less exposed extremities, other genera access ant colonies using glandular secretions and trichomes
(symphile type). We compare these adaptations with other taxonomic groups of insects by joining contemporary research and
early sources and discuss the possibility of an attracting or appeasing effect of the secretion. Species that are ignored
by their host ants might use chemical mimicry instead. Furthermore, vibrational signals may contribute to ant–beetle communication,
and chemical signals have proven to play a role in host finding. The powerful defense chemistry of paussines as “bombardier
beetles” is not used in contact with host ants. We attempt to trace the evolution of myrmecophily in paussines by reviewing
important aspects of the association between paussine beetles and ants, i.e. morphological and potential chemical adaptations,
life cycle, host specificity, alimentation, parasitism and sound production.
相似文献
Stefanie F. GeiselhardtEmail: |
176.
(E)-6,10-dimethyl-5,9-undecadien-2-ol (geranyl acetol), termed here fuscol, was identified as a male-produced pheromone emitted
by Tetropium fuscum (F.) and Tetropium cinnamopterum Kirby. In field experiments, traps baited with synthetic fuscol alone were not significantly attractive, but the combination
of fuscol plus host volatiles (a synthetic blend of monoterpenes plus ethanol) attracted significantly more male and female
T. fuscum and female T. cinnamopterum than did host volatiles alone. This is the first homoterpenoid alcohol to be described in the Cerambycidae, and the first
pheromone reported from the sub-family Spondylidinae. 相似文献
177.
Settlement decisions in blue tits: difference in the use of social information according to age and individual success 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Dispersers are expected to assess breeding habitat quality before settlement. Although cues reflecting habitat quality are
well studied, social cues have not been as well evaluated. In this paper, we studied breeding habitat selection during 3 years
in a natural population of blue tits, Cyanistes caeruleus, breeding in nest-boxes. Our aim was to investigate if this species used conspecific density and/or reproductive success
of con- and heterospecifics (i.e., social cues) in settlement decisions. The patterns observed were consistent with the idea
that juveniles, when dispersing from their natal patches, did not react to any of the cues that we tested. In contrast, breeders
that dispersed seemed to respond to both conspecific mean patch reproductive success (PRS) and breeding density of the settlement
patch in the year of dispersal, their response differing according to their own reproductive success. Indeed, failed breeders
moved to areas with high PRS and low density relative to source patches, while successful breeders behaved the opposite. The
comparison between juveniles and adults might be modulated by the limited time available to juveniles to gather information
on PRS and density at the end of the dispersing year. Adults lacking these time constraints, however, seemed to rely on these
conspecific cues although limited by their own quality. Additionally, breeders were more likely to be immigrants in patches
with relatively low breeding success and density the previous year, suggesting that settlement is influenced by multiple cues,
which may reveal information on different aspects of habitat and be available at different moments. Collectively, our results
support the importance of social cues for blue tits’ settlement. 相似文献
178.
Although Asia is thought to have played a critical role in the radiation of artiodactyls, the fossil record of stem selenodonts
(“dichobunoids”) remains dramatically poor in tropical Asian regions. In this study, we report a new dichobunid genus and
species Cadutherium kyaukmagyii and a new basal ruminant genus and species Irrawadymeryx pondaungi, from the late Middle Eocene Pondaung Formation, Central Myanmar. Although the scarcity of the present material prevents
any attempts to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of Cadutherium with contemporaneous forms from other Holarctic landmasses, this new form shed new light on the diversity of these small
rabbit-like ungulates during a key period of their evolutionary history. Reexamination of the small-bodied artiodactyls from
Pondaung leads us to propose new identifications of certain published specimens and, in turn, to investigate the temporal
and geographic distribution of taxa recognized in the Pondaung Formation. Although fragmentary, these potential new taxa reveal
an unsuspected diversity of small forms among artiodactyls of Pondaung. This addition to the Eocene record of dichobunoids
and early ruminants provides further insight in the diversity of dental patterns among small artiodactyls from the Pondaung
Formation and attests to the antiquity of these groups in Southeast Asia. 相似文献
179.
Power matters in closing the phenotyping gap 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Meyer CW Elvert R Scherag A Ehrhardt N Gailus-Durner V Fuchs H Schäfer H Hrabé de Angelis M Heldmaier G Klingenspor M 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2007,94(5):401-406
Much of our understanding of physiology and metabolism is derived from investigating mouse mutants and transgenic mice, and
open-access platforms for standardized mouse phenotyping such as the German Mouse Clinic (GMC) are currently viewed as one
powerful tool for identifying novel gene-function relationships. Phenotyping or phenotypic screening involves the comparison of wild-type control mice with their mutant or transgenic littermates. In our study, we explored
the extent to which standardized phenotyping will succeed in detecting biologically relevant phenotypic differences in mice
generated and provided by different collaborators. We analyzed quantitative metabolic data (body mass, energy intake, and
energy metabolized) collected at the GMC under the current workflow, and used them for statistical power considerations. Our
results demonstrate that there is substantial variability in these parameters among lines of wild-type C57BL/6 (B6) mice from
different sources. Given this variable background noise in mice that serve as controls, subtle phenotypes in mutant or transgenic
littermates may be overlooked. Furthermore, a phenotype observed in one cohort of a mutant line may not be reproducible (to
the same extent) in mice coming from a different environment or supplier. In the light of these constraints, we encourage
researchers to incorporate information on intrastrain variability into future study planning, or to perform advanced hierarchical
analyses. Both will ultimately improve the detectability of novel phenotypes by phenotypic screening.
Carola W. Meyer and Ralf Elvert contributed equally to this work. 相似文献
180.
Sasakawa K 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2007,94(5):384-391
The morphological characteristics of sperm and reproductive organs may offer clues as to how reproductive systems have evolved.
In this paper, the morphologies of the sperm and male reproductive organs of carabid beetles in the tribe Pterostichini (Coleoptera:
Carabidae) are described, and the morphological associations among characters are examined. All species form sperm bundles
in which the head of the sperm was embedded in a rod-shaped structure, i.e., spermatodesm. The spermatodesm shape (left-handed
spiral, right-handed spiral, or without conspicuous spiral structure) and the condition of the sperm on the spermatodesm surface
(with the tail free-moving or forming a thin, sheetlike structure) vary among species. In all species, the spiral directions
of the convoluted seminal vesicles and vasa deferentia are the same on both sides of the body; that is, they show an asymmetric
structure. The species in which the sperm bundle and the seminal vesicles both have a spiral structure could be classified
into two types, with significant differences in sperm-bundle length between the two types. The species with a sperm-bundle
spiral and seminal-vesicle spiral of almost the same diameter have longer sperm bundles than the species with a sperm-bundle
spiral and seminal-vesicle tube of almost the same diameter. In the former type, the spiral directions of the sperm bundles
and seminal vesicles are inevitably the same, whereas they differ in some species with the later type. Therefore, increased
sperm bundle length appears to have been facilitated by the concordance of the sperm bundle’s coiling direction with the coiling
direction of the seminal vesicle. 相似文献