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131.
用“条件”水分平衡法分析湖北省干旱的时空分布规律 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从“条件”水分平衡角度和农业生产实际情况出发,提出了一个综合考虑水分盈亏和同期作物需水量的干旱指标,并用此指标分析了湖北省1961-1990年30年来的主要干旱类型的时空分布规律及对农业生产的影响。 相似文献
132.
通过气象数据分析、实地调查、野外采样及室内分析、DEM计算、遥感解译等,建立了南水北调中线水源地丹江口水库区典型小流域地理数据库,确定了计算USLE因子指标的方法。在ArcGIS支持下,模拟了小流域土壤侵蚀强度的空间分布。将模拟结果分为微度、低度、中度、强度、剧烈侵蚀5级,建立土壤侵蚀与土地利用/土地覆盖类型及坡度之间的关系。结果表明:研究区年均土壤侵蚀量2414 t/hm2,远超该地区容许土壤流失量5 t/(hm2·a)。96%的侵蚀区及95%的土壤侵蚀总量位于<25°区域。就土地利用/土地覆盖类型而言,陡坡耕作区是主要的土壤流失区。研究结果为水源区的土壤侵蚀治理提供参考意见,同时为USLE在无土壤类型图地区的应用提供一种方法借鉴 相似文献
133.
四川红层区居民用水主要为就近开采的地下水,水质参差不齐,研究红层地下水水文地球化学特征,对于宜井区选择,红层水源地用水安全具有重要意义。利用在遂宁船山区采集的70组浅层地下水水样,采用数理统计分析、离子比例关系等方法,分析了红层浅层地下水水化学特征及主要离子来源,研究得出:区内地下水中阴离子以HCO_3~-(164.00~571.91 mg·L~(-1))为主,其次是SO_4~(2-)(13.96~1 000.00 mg·L~(-1)),阳离子以Ca~(2+)(45.70~313.00 mg·L~(-1))为主,其中孔隙水的水化学类型主要为HCO_3,SO_4-Ca,SO_4-Mg型,裂隙水以HCO_3-Ca,Mg型与HCO_3-Ca型为主;地下水中离子成分主要由岩石风化产生,来源于地层中的方解石、白云石、石膏、芒硝等矿物的风化溶解,蒸发浓缩、地下水酸碱环境及人类活动对地下水成分造成了一定的影响;浅层地下水质量以Ⅲ~Ⅳ类为主,污染物主要为TDS、Fe~(3+)等原生污染,也存在NO_3~-、NO_2~-等人类活动污染;红层宜井区主要为平坝、丘坡坡脚及沟谷一带,为避免污染指标超标,井深不宜超过25m,远离养殖场、农厕等地下水易受人类活动污染的环境,防止鱼塘、农田等地表水进入井中。 相似文献
134.
区域城市化水平的综合测度研究--以江苏省为例 总被引:33,自引:0,他引:33
城市化是社会、经济、文化等多种因素综合发展的过程,是一个多维概念,而目前城市化水平常用的单一评价指标只能从某个方面反映一个地区的城市化水平,不能全面、科学地反映城市化的丰富内涵。以江苏省13个地级市为例,通过经济、空间、人口以及生活方式、生活质量等体现城市化内涵的四个方面构造城市化水平评价指标体系,应用多指标综合评价方法对13市的城市化水平进行综合评价研究。结果表明,江苏省城市化水平大致分为5个层次,南京、无锡和苏州城市化水平最高,常州和镇江居第二层次,扬州、南通和泰州属第三层次,徐州、盐城和连云港列第四层次,淮安和宿迁最低,城市化水平区域差异明显,从南向北,城市化水平呈梯度下降趋势;从东向西,城市化水平在某种程度上也呈下降趋势。 相似文献
135.
Eomecon chionantha Hance, the only species in the genus Eomecon, is an angiosperm species endemic to China. Here we investigated the pollination syndrome, pollinator generalization of E. chionantha. Our results showed that the individual flower longevity of E. chionantha was 3–5 days. The flowering phenology of E. chionantha can be divided into five phases. We found significant differences in the pollination efficiency of the different insects visiting E. chionantha with bees and flies being the most efficient pollinators. This, in addition to floral morphology and phenology, suggests that E. chionantha is generalized on bees and flies and possesses an outcrossing, partially self-compatible and pollinator-dependent breeding system. 相似文献
136.
Guangxin Liu Fengrui Jia Qiang Yue Danzhu Ma Handan Pan Ming Wu 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2016,18(1):221-235
Nonferrous metal is an important basis material for the development of the national economy, and its consumption directly affects economic development. It has great significance in the effective utilization of nonferrous metals, development of an environment-friendly society, and investigation of the decoupling of nonferrous metal consumption and GDP growth. The decoupling indicators for nonferrous metal consumption and GDP growth (D r) in China from 1995 to 2010 were calculated in this study, and the results were analyzed. A productive model based on BP neural network was established. Then, the decoupling indicators for nonferrous metal consumption and GDP growth in China for the period of 2011–2020 were predicted. For the period of 1995–2010, the annual average decoupling indicators were <1 for copper, aluminum, zinc, lead, and nickel, except for tin, which was 0.21. The analysis showed that the decoupling of nonferrous metal consumption and GDP growth is in a less optimistic situation to copper, aluminum, zinc, lead, and nickel in China from 1995 to 2010. The annual average decoupling indicator for tin was 0.21, which indicates relative decoupling. For the period of 2011–2020, the predicted decoupling indicators for copper, aluminum, zinc, lead, nickel, and tin were between 0 and 1. This finding indicates the implementation of relative decoupling. However, the total consumption of nonferrous metals did not decouple from GDP growth. 相似文献
137.
综合运用变异系数、泰尔指数及ESDA-GIS多种方法,在充分考虑传统经济影响因子的基础上,尝试引入经济发展生态成本指标,分析长江中游城市群经济综合发展水平与生态成本的空间匹配及演化模式。研究表明:经济综合发展水平高低聚集特征明显,空间极化现象是导致区域经济发展不平衡的主要原因;生态成本空间集聚现象以高高集聚和低低集聚为主,且呈现出高高集聚减少、低低集聚增多的现象,生态成本消耗有所改善;2001~2012年长江中游城市群市域经济综合发展水平与生态成本表现出越来越显著的差异化空间格局,呈现出由低经济综合发展水平-低生态成本过渡到高经济综合发展水平-高生态成本,进而发展到高经济综合发展水平-低生态成本的空间匹配模式的阶段性特征;高经济综合发展水平-高生态成本的经济发展模式仍在大部分城市中存在,经济与生态空间协调发展的潜力仍然很大。 相似文献
138.
Qiu Cai Mei-Li Long Ming Zhu Qing-Zhen Zhou Ling Zhang Jie Liu 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(11):3078-3082
Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb) are environmental pollutants. Environmental samples and bovine tissues were collected from the areas around a lead–zinc smelter in Guizhou, China for Cd, Pb, zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) analysis. Cd in soil (10 mg/kg) and feed (6.6 mg/kg) from the polluted areas was 10 times higher than the Chinese Standards, resulting in higher Cd in bovine kidney (38 mg/kg) and liver (2.5 mg/kg). Pb in feed (132 mg/kg) from the polluted area was much higher than unpolluted areas, causing higher Pb levels in bovine tissues. Environmental Zn was elevated, but bovine tissue Zn was normal. Cu in bovine liver decreased with increased Cd and Pb. Metals in drinking water and in bovine muscle were within the Standard range. Thus, in the areas of this lead–zinc smelter, the environment has been contaminated with Cd and Pb, which has been transferred to cattle through the food chain. 相似文献
139.
基于GIS的陇南灾区建设用地适宜性评价 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
以甘肃省陇南市地震灾区为例,运用AHP法和GIS空间分析方法,综合考虑了地区气候地形、人口分布、交通区位、经济基础和地震易发程度等影响因子,并通过用地适宜性分区,对地区自然生态和社会经济格局进行重新审视,从协调资源、环境、人口、经济的相互关系出发,空间开发强调因地制宜,即让开发成本低、资源环境容量大的地区承担高强度的开发建设活动;而让生态和地质环境脆弱、开发难度大的区域承担生态维护和生态产业功能。结果表明:陇南市用地适宜性呈现出极大的地缘差异性,适宜发展用地主要分布于东北部丘陵盆地地区,南部地区以限制发展用地为主,西北部地区由适度发展用地和限制发展用地构成。其中适宜发展用地占地区总面积1727%,适度发展用地占4441%,限制发展用地占3831%。 相似文献
140.
Incorporating layer- and local-scale heterogeneities in numerical simulation of unsaturated flow and tracer transport 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Feng Pan Ming Ye Jianting Zhu Yu-Shu Wu Bill X. Hu Zhongbo Yu 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2009,103(3-4):194-205
This study characterizes layer- and local-scale heterogeneities in hydraulic parameters (i.e., matrix permeability and porosity) and investigates the relative effect of layer- and local-scale heterogeneities on the uncertainty assessment of unsaturated flow and tracer transport in the unsaturated zone of Yucca Mountain, USA. The layer-scale heterogeneity is specific to hydrogeologic layers with layerwise properties, while the local-scale heterogeneity refers to the spatial variation of hydraulic properties within a layer. A Monte Carlo method is used to estimate mean, variance, and 5th, and 95th percentiles for the quantities of interest (e.g., matrix saturation and normalized cumulative mass arrival). Model simulations of unsaturated flow are evaluated by comparing the simulated and observed matrix saturations. Local-scale heterogeneity is examined by comparing the results of this study with those of the previous study that only considers layer-scale heterogeneity. We find that local-scale heterogeneity significantly increases predictive uncertainty in the percolation fluxes and tracer plumes, whereas the mean predictions are only slightly affected by the local-scale heterogeneity. The mean travel time of the conservative and reactive tracers to the water table in the early stage increases significantly due to the local-scale heterogeneity, while the influence of local-scale heterogeneity on travel time gradually decreases over time. Layer-scale heterogeneity is more important than local-scale heterogeneity for simulating overall tracer travel time, suggesting that it would be more cost-effective to reduce the layer-scale parameter uncertainty in order to reduce predictive uncertainty in tracer transport. 相似文献