粒径损伤对原生煤和构造煤孔隙结构与分形特征的影响*

为了分析构造煤与原生煤因孔隙结构不同而导致的内部瓦斯存储和运移所存在的差异性。结合低温液氮实验,分析2种煤样的孔隙特征参数与分形维数之间的关系,发现破碎作用对原生煤和构造煤孔隙的破坏路径略有区别。对于原生煤,破碎作用先作用于较大孔隙,之后对微孔产生影响;而对于构造煤,破碎作用直接对较大孔隙和微孔隙产生影响。研究结果表明:原生煤孔隙表面越粗糙、微孔比表面积越大,吸附能力越强;构造煤孔隙结构越复杂、微孔孔容越大,吸附能力越强。研究结果可为构造煤与瓦斯突出的防治提供研究基础。     

PM2.5化学组成观测设计对PMF源解析结果影响综述

近年来我国城市地区灰霾污染频发,严重影响生态环境以及人体健康.了解PM_(2.5)的化学组成、来源、大气传输过程和环境效应对灰霾污染有效控制对策的制定有重要意义,已成为国际大气环境领域的研究热点.本文通过总结国内外正定矩阵因子分析模型(positive matrix factorization,PMF)在PM_(2.5)源解析方面的研究,阐释了PM_(2.5)化学组成空间差异、待测化学组分选择、有机示踪物气固相分配、观测结果时间分辨率对PMF源解析结果的影响.评述结果表明,同一城市或地区基于不同采样点样品数据的源解析结果存在较大差异;对同组PM_(2.5)样品,解析出的排放源类型和待观测化学组分的选择密切相关;因有机示踪物气固相分配作用的影响,低分子量有机物的源解析结果往往存在较大偏差;高时间分辨率观测可更好地反映不同示踪物间浓度的时间变化差异,有利于排放源的准确识别.     

固相萃取-液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱测定养殖废水中17种氟喹诺酮类抗生素

采用固相萃取-液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱(SPE-LC-MS/MS)技术,建立了养殖废水中17种氟喹诺酮类抗生素(FQs)的测定方法.水样在采用固相萃取法富集前,先用0.45 μm的聚四氟乙烯滤膜过滤,而后加入5％甲醇(体积比),用盐酸溶液将水样pH调节至2.0±0.5,经固相萃取柱富集,最后用9mL0.1％甲酸甲醇...     

草酸钾活化法制备榴莲壳活性炭及其表征

以榴莲壳为原料,选择K2C2O4为活化剂,在自制氛围气中进行化学活化制备活性炭。考察了活化剂/原料浸渍比、活化温度与活化时间对活性炭的碘和亚甲基蓝吸附值及得率的影响。结果表明,制备榴莲壳活性炭的理想条件为:活化剂/原料浸渍比1.5∶1、活化温度800℃和活化时间120 min;此时活性炭的SBET(BET比表面积)、总孔容和微孔孔容分别为1 195 m2/g、0.60 cm3/g和0.41 cm3/g。利用比表面和孔隙度分析仪、场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)和傅立叶红外光谱法(FT-IR)对活性炭的孔结构特征、微观形貌和表面官能团进行了表征。FE-SEM观测结果显示榴莲壳活性炭孔隙结构发达,且含有丰富的中孔。     

福建土楼民居环境的艺术创造

在建筑设计中有三个境界第一：一是生境，二是比生境更美的画境，而最后才是意境，这是把自然和建筑和人联成一体的最高境界。     

Current status of microplastics pollution in the aquatic environment,interaction with other pollutants,and effects on aquatic organisms

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Microplastics, as emerging pollutants, have received great attention in the past few decades due to its adverse effects on the environment....     

Calculation of the minimum ecological water requirement of an urban river system and its deployment: A case study in Beijing central region

The minimum ecological water requirements of an urban river system and water deployment are key elements in integrated water resources planning and urban ecological construction. Based on a review of ecological water requirement calculation methods and considering the different ecological functions of an urban river system, the ecological function method was used in this paper to calculate the components of the ecological water requirements of an urban river. An envelope curve-based method was proposed for assessing the minimum ecological water requirements of an urban river system. Water resources deployment strategies designed to meet the minimum ecological water requirements were described. Then, the minimum ecological water requirements of the urban river system in Beijing central region, selected as a case study, were investigated. The key parameters for assessing the minimum ecological water requirement in the Beijing urban river system were determined. Based on the ecological objectives and the current status of the different urban river systems within the Beijing central region, the minimum ecological water requirements were calculated. Different types of water sources, including rainwater, upstream water, and reclaimed water, were deployed to meet the ecological water requirements for the urban river system in the Beijing central region.     

基于不同周期PM2.5组成高时间分辨观测的PMF源解析研究

于2017年1月1日—12月31日对南京市城区大气细粒子(PM_2.5)化学组分（元素、水溶性离子和碳质组分）的小时质量浓度进行连续观测,采用正矩阵因子分析（Positive Matrix Factorization,PMF）模型分别基于全年观测数据（PMF全年）和逐月观测数据（PMF月份）进行源解析,比较不同观测周期源解析结果的差异以及对PM_2.5各组分浓度估算的准确性.结果表明：不同观测周期下,PMF源解析结果中因子类型未发生改变,但因子组成和贡献分布存在较大差异.由于PMF模型假设同一观测周期内源成分谱不发生变化,只有基于逐月观测数据的PMF源解析才能体现全年范围内因子组成和贡献分布的变化.尽管PMF全年和PMF月份的分析结果均能准确估算PM_2.5组分的月均浓度,但PMF月份结果对各组分小时浓度的估算值和观测值在时间变化上更一致.这是因为PMF模型要求对各组分浓度的平均值进行拟合,易低估（或高估）PM_2.5组分在观测周期内的极大（或极小）值.因此,基于短期（例如,月份）高分辨观测数据的PMF分析...     

Scenario analysis of water pollution control in the typical peri-urban river using a coupled hydrodynamic-water quality model

The water quality pollution and ecological deterioration in peri-urban rivers are usually serious under rapid urbanization and economic growth. In the study, a typical peri-urban river, Nansha River, was selected as a case study to discuss the scheme of peri-urban river rehabilitation. Located in the north part of the Beijing central region, the Nansha River watershed has been designated as an ecologically friendly garden-style area with high-tech industry parks and upscale residential zones. However, the Nansha River is currently seriously contaminated by urban and rural pollutants from both nonpoint sources (NPS) and point sources (PS). In this study, the pollutant loads from point sources and nonpoint sources in the Nansha River watershed were first assessed. A coupled model, derived from the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code and Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program, was developed to simulate the hydrodynamics and water quality in the Nansha River. According to the characteristics of the typical peri-urban river, three different PS and NPS control scenarios were designed and examined by modeling analyses. Based on the results of the scenario analysis, a river rehabilitation scheme was recommended for implementation.     

微塑料污染现状及其毒性效应和机制研究进展

微塑料(microplastics,MPs)作为一种新型的环境污染物近年来逐渐引起全世界的关注,除了对生态环境的影响,微塑料对生物体的毒性效应及其潜在的健康风险也日益成为环境领域的研究热点.本文基于已有研究,阐述微塑料的污染现况,总结微塑料进入机体的分布,归纳微塑料的生物毒性作用和机制,分析微塑料毒性效应的影响因素,并展望了未来的研究方向,为进一步开展微塑料的生物毒性效应、机制研究和健康风险评估提供科学线索和参考.