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41.
42.
于2017年1月1日—12月31日对南京市城区大气细粒子(PM2.5)化学组分(元素、水溶性离子和碳质组分)的小时质量浓度进行连续观测,采用正矩阵因子分析(Positive Matrix Factorization,PMF)模型分别基于全年观测数据(PMF全年)和逐月观测数据(PMF月份)进行源解析,比较不同观测周期源解析结果的差异以及对PM2.5各组分浓度估算的准确性.结果表明:不同观测周期下,PMF源解析结果中因子类型未发生改变,但因子组成和贡献分布存在较大差异.由于PMF模型假设同一观测周期内源成分谱不发生变化,只有基于逐月观测数据的PMF源解析才能体现全年范围内因子组成和贡献分布的变化.尽管PMF全年和PMF月份的分析结果均能准确估算PM2.5组分的月均浓度,但PMF月份结果对各组分小时浓度的估算值和观测值在时间变化上更一致.这是因为PMF模型要求对各组分浓度的平均值进行拟合,易低估(或高估)PM2.5组分在观测周期内的极大(或极小)值.因此,基于短期(例如,月份)高分辨观测数据的PMF分析... 相似文献
43.
实验研究了重金属Cd在生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂协助下的电动修复过程,通过不同方式、不同浓度、不同酸碱度的鼠李糖脂溶液的添加与空白处理对比,探讨了鼠李糖脂协助下电动修复过程中的Cd在土壤介质中的迁移转化和机理,分析了鼠李糖脂溶液作为电动修复添加剂的可行性。结果表明,中等浓度酸性的鼠李糖脂溶液(pH=4.78,浓度为0.5、1和2 g/L)能对土壤中的重金属Cd进行有效的富集,富集量均在初始值的4倍以上,且其可交换态比重均大于42.07%,非常有利于土壤进行二次修复。此外,以pH=4.78,浓度为0.5 g/L的鼠李糖脂溶液作为预处理剂的Ex-08中的重金属Cd并未出现富集现象,但其对重金属的Cd的总去除效率达到了49.27%。表明利用鼠李糖脂溶液作为电动修复添加剂进行土壤重金属修复是可行的。 相似文献
44.
"九曲黄河,奔流不息",伟大的母亲河造就了黄河三角洲这片富饶肥沃的绿洲,在这片绿洲上有一颗年轻璀璨的明珠--仙河镇. 相似文献
45.
为研究磁化水除尘的最佳磁化条件,提高水的利用率,通过实验得出不同磁化条件下水的表面张力、黏度;然后采用ANSYS Fluent进行数值模拟得出磁化水降尘性能最佳时的喷雾压力和磁化条件。研究结果表明:当喷射压力为5 MPa时未磁化水的喷雾浓度较大、粒径较小;在此压力下,磁场强度为150 mT、磁化时间为80 s时,磁化水雾滴平均粒径减少39.6%,最大粒径减少16.4%,雾滴粒径小且分布较均匀,降尘性能显著提高。研究结果可为矿井下缓解粉尘污染问题提供理论指导。 相似文献
46.
低温胁迫下香菇基因表达差异研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
香菇为变温结实型担子菌,为探讨低温胁迫诱导香菇子实体形成的分子机理,应用mRNA差异显示技术对低温胁迫下香菇菌丝体基因表达差异进行了比较.电泳差异展示结果表明,低温胁迫前后基因表达在数量水平和质量水平上都存在显著差异,数量水平的差异表现为低温胁迫过程中表达序列标签(expressed sequence tags,ESTs)增强表达或减弱表达;质量水平上的差异表现为低温胁迫使部分ESTs特异诱导表达或沉默表达.差异ESTs的类型比较和多态性分析发现,低温胁迫处理6~12h可能是诱发香菇原基发生的关键时段.本文还对显著差异表达的基因片段进行序列分析和Northern杂交验证,初步讨论了低温胁迫时间在调控香菇子实体发生中的作用.图4表2参13 相似文献
47.
湖北省重点区域及周边表层土壤重金属污染现状及评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对湖北省内9类不同重点区域及周边表层土壤环境质量进行检测,测定重金属镉、汞、砷、铅、铬、铜、镍、锌含量水平,采用内梅罗污染指数法和Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法对检测结果进行评价。结果表明:9类不同重点区域及周边土壤环境质量整体良好,未受重金属污染的土壤监测点位比例为68.2%~92.6%,轻度污染的点位比例为5.8%~20.4%,中度污染为0.0%~8.6%,重度污染为0.0%~9.1%;污染企业周边、油田采矿区周边、固废处置场地周边、工业遗留遗弃场地及周边4类重点区域受重金属污染相对较严重,影响其土壤环境质量的重金属主要是镉、砷、铜、铅;9类不同重点区域周边土壤环境质量的潜在生态风险等级以轻微、中度为主,对应的监测点位比例分别为36.4%~80.5%、18.1%~47.7%,潜在生态风险等级为强度、很强、极强的监测点位比例总和为1.4%~15.9%,主要分布在受重金属污染严重的监测区域。 相似文献
48.
Zhang Tian Jiang Bo Xing Yi Ya Haobo Lv Mingjie Wang Xin 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(12):16830-16859
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Microplastics, as emerging pollutants, have received great attention in the past few decades due to its adverse effects on the environment.... 相似文献
49.
Calculation of the minimum ecological water requirement of an urban river system and its deployment: A case study in Beijing central region 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The minimum ecological water requirements of an urban river system and water deployment are key elements in integrated water resources planning and urban ecological construction. Based on a review of ecological water requirement calculation methods and considering the different ecological functions of an urban river system, the ecological function method was used in this paper to calculate the components of the ecological water requirements of an urban river. An envelope curve-based method was proposed for assessing the minimum ecological water requirements of an urban river system. Water resources deployment strategies designed to meet the minimum ecological water requirements were described. Then, the minimum ecological water requirements of the urban river system in Beijing central region, selected as a case study, were investigated. The key parameters for assessing the minimum ecological water requirement in the Beijing urban river system were determined. Based on the ecological objectives and the current status of the different urban river systems within the Beijing central region, the minimum ecological water requirements were calculated. Different types of water sources, including rainwater, upstream water, and reclaimed water, were deployed to meet the ecological water requirements for the urban river system in the Beijing central region. 相似文献
50.
Haifeng Jia Shuo Wang Mingjie Wei Yansong Zhang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2011,5(2):255-265
The water quality pollution and ecological deterioration in peri-urban rivers are usually serious under rapid urbanization
and economic growth. In the study, a typical peri-urban river, Nansha River, was selected as a case study to discuss the scheme
of peri-urban river rehabilitation. Located in the north part of the Beijing central region, the Nansha River watershed has
been designated as an ecologically friendly garden-style area with high-tech industry parks and upscale residential zones.
However, the Nansha River is currently seriously contaminated by urban and rural pollutants from both nonpoint sources (NPS)
and point sources (PS). In this study, the pollutant loads from point sources and nonpoint sources in the Nansha River watershed
were first assessed. A coupled model, derived from the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code and Water Quality Analysis Simulation
Program, was developed to simulate the hydrodynamics and water quality in the Nansha River. According to the characteristics
of the typical peri-urban river, three different PS and NPS control scenarios were designed and examined by modeling analyses.
Based on the results of the scenario analysis, a river rehabilitation scheme was recommended for implementation. 相似文献