水溶液中嗪草酮的光化学行为研究

以氙灯为光源模拟太阳光,研究了农药嗪草酮(MT)在水溶液中的光降解;探讨了pH值以及天然水体中广泛存在的光敏剂腐殖酸、硝酸根和Fe3+等对嗪草酮间接光解的影响;测量了嗪草酮量子产率及其与活性氧类物种(ROS)®OH和1O2的反应速率常数.结果表明,在pH值3.5～9.5范围内,嗪草酮直接光降解速率随pH值升高而降低.pH=7时,腐殖酸具有光屏蔽作用而抑制嗪草酮光降解,硝酸根和Fe3+对嗪草酮间接光降解基本没有作用.嗪草酮与1O2反应速率常数为0mol-1·L·s-1,与®OH反应速率常数为5.7×109mol-1·L·s-1.在天然水体中嗪草酮与®OH反应最小半衰期为68h,远远大于北纬40°(40°N)下直接光解半衰期.以上研究结果表明,嗪草酮直接光解占主导作用,其量子产率为0.01.预测在40°N春、夏、秋、冬时嗪草酮直接光解半衰期分别为1.44、1.08、2.58和5.10h,室外太阳光照实验结果显示,在40°N秋季嗪草酮的半衰期为2.98h,与理论预测值接近.     

福建土楼民居环境的艺术创造

在建筑设计中有三个境界第一：一是生境,二是比生境更美的画境,而最后才是意境,这是把自然和建筑和人联成一体的最高境界。     

微塑料污染现状及其毒性效应和机制研究进展

微塑料（microplastics,MPs）作为一种新型的环境污染物近年来逐渐引起全世界的关注,除了对生态环境的影响,微塑料对生物体的毒性效应及其潜在的健康风险也日益成为环境领域的研究热点。本文基于已有研究,阐述微塑料的污染现况,总结微塑料进入机体的分布,归纳微塑料的生物毒性作用和机制,分析微塑料毒性效应的影响因素,并展望了未来的研究方向,为进一步开展微塑料的生物毒性效应、机制研究和健康风险评估提供科学线索和参考。     

加压流体萃取-硅酸镁柱净化-气相色谱质谱法同时测定土壤中有机氯农药和多环芳烃

本研究通过对仪器定性定量、样品萃取和萃取液净化等环节的条件优化实验,建立了同时测定土壤中8种有机氯农药和15种多环芳烃的加压流体萃取-硅酸镁柱净化-气相色谱质谱分析方法.化合物方法检出限在0.4—3.2 μg·kg^-1之间,测定下限在1.6—12.8 μg·kg^-1之间;对化合物含量为0.1 mg·kg^-1和0.5 mg·kg^-1的土壤加标样品分别进行6次平行分析,回收率在61%—119%之间,测定结果的RSD在2.8%—21%之间;对相关土壤标准物质进行分析,测定结果均在化合物认定值与不确定度范围内.与其他方法相比,本法减少了萃取环节共萃物、降低了净化环节对干扰物的洗脱、有效排除了假阳性,且显著提高了工作效率.     

湖北省重点区域及周边表层土壤重金属污染现状及评价

对湖北省内9类不同重点区域及周边表层土壤环境质量进行检测,测定重金属镉、汞、砷、铅、铬、铜、镍、锌含量水平,采用内梅罗污染指数法和Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法对检测结果进行评价。结果表明:9类不同重点区域及周边土壤环境质量整体良好,未受重金属污染的土壤监测点位比例为68.2%~92.6%,轻度污染的点位比例为5.8%~20.4%,中度污染为0.0%~8.6%,重度污染为0.0%~9.1%;污染企业周边、油田采矿区周边、固废处置场地周边、工业遗留遗弃场地及周边4类重点区域受重金属污染相对较严重,影响其土壤环境质量的重金属主要是镉、砷、铜、铅;9类不同重点区域周边土壤环境质量的潜在生态风险等级以轻微、中度为主,对应的监测点位比例分别为36.4%~80.5%、18.1%~47.7%,潜在生态风险等级为强度、很强、极强的监测点位比例总和为1.4%~15.9%,主要分布在受重金属污染严重的监测区域。     

绿洲明珠再现璀璨--仙河镇创建"全国环境优美乡镇"活动纪实

"九曲黄河,奔流不息",伟大的母亲河造就了黄河三角洲这片富饶肥沃的绿洲,在这片绿洲上有一颗年轻璀璨的明珠--仙河镇.     

Calculation of the minimum ecological water requirement of an urban river system and its deployment: A case study in Beijing central region

The minimum ecological water requirements of an urban river system and water deployment are key elements in integrated water resources planning and urban ecological construction. Based on a review of ecological water requirement calculation methods and considering the different ecological functions of an urban river system, the ecological function method was used in this paper to calculate the components of the ecological water requirements of an urban river. An envelope curve-based method was proposed for assessing the minimum ecological water requirements of an urban river system. Water resources deployment strategies designed to meet the minimum ecological water requirements were described. Then, the minimum ecological water requirements of the urban river system in Beijing central region, selected as a case study, were investigated. The key parameters for assessing the minimum ecological water requirement in the Beijing urban river system were determined. Based on the ecological objectives and the current status of the different urban river systems within the Beijing central region, the minimum ecological water requirements were calculated. Different types of water sources, including rainwater, upstream water, and reclaimed water, were deployed to meet the ecological water requirements for the urban river system in the Beijing central region.     

低温胁迫下香菇基因表达差异研究

香菇为变温结实型担子菌,为探讨低温胁迫诱导香菇子实体形成的分子机理,应用mRNA差异显示技术对低温胁迫下香菇菌丝体基因表达差异进行了比较.电泳差异展示结果表明,低温胁迫前后基因表达在数量水平和质量水平上都存在显著差异,数量水平的差异表现为低温胁迫过程中表达序列标签(expressed sequence tags,ESTs)增强表达或减弱表达;质量水平上的差异表现为低温胁迫使部分ESTs特异诱导表达或沉默表达.差异ESTs的类型比较和多态性分析发现,低温胁迫处理6~12h可能是诱发香菇原基发生的关键时段.本文还对显著差异表达的基因片段进行序列分析和Northern杂交验证,初步讨论了低温胁迫时间在调控香菇子实体发生中的作用.图4表2参13     

Current status of microplastics pollution in the aquatic environment,interaction with other pollutants,and effects on aquatic organisms

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Microplastics, as emerging pollutants, have received great attention in the past few decades due to its adverse effects on the environment....