一种检测水体总氮的多技术协同氧化消解装置

在分析比较前人方法的基础上,研究开发了一套集臭氧、紫外、超声雾化、高压静放电等多技术协同的氧化消解装置,对含氮水样进行连续消解,将水中含氮物质中的N氧化为NO3-,从而测定水中的总氮。通过实验可以确定最佳消解条件,计算出总氮氧化的转化率,并进行精密度、准确度检验。本法具有无需添加化学氧化剂,总氮氧化率高和消解速度快,精密度、准确度高等特点。     

典型南方水源溶解性有机物分子量分布变化及去除特性

用超滤膜法对以东江为水源的深圳水库水体溶解性有机物(DOM)进行物理分级表征,研究了2005年3～9月原水中DOM分子量分布的连续变化特性,以及各分子量范围的DOM组分与消毒副产物三卤甲烷生成势(THMFP)之间的关系结果表明,在此原水DOM中,相对分子量小于1000的有机物所占比例最高(平均值为41.15%(以DOC计)),这说明东江原水中DOM主要以小分子量有机物为主,此分子量范围有机物所产生的THMFP在原水中所占比例均值为32.23%水处理研究表明,常规工艺和深度处理工艺对其DOC和THMFP的去除率均不高.对原水总DOC的贡献占第二位的是分子量在104～3×104之间的有机物(均值为24.07%),其对总THMFP的贡献率为29.09%,常规工艺对此分子量范围有机物去除效果很好.     

袁河水系溶解态痕量金属元素分布特征及来源分析

为研究袁河水系水体溶解态痕量金属元素污染来源与水质状况,分别于2018年7月和2019年1月在袁河干流和支流采集38个表层水样,检测了痕量金属元素Cr、Fe、Mn、As、Al、Cd、Ni和Tl的浓度.采用单因素方差分析分析袁河水系痕量金属元素的时空特征,基于痕量金属元素水质指数评价袁河痕量金属元素污染程度,采用相关分析、主成分分析探讨痕量金属元素污染的主要来源.结果表明,袁河部分金属元素时间或空间差异显著,Cr、Cd、As浓度在丰、枯水期之间差异显著,Fe、Cd、Tl浓度在干、支流之间差异显著.袁河丰、枯水期污染程度相似,主要污染河段位于宜春河段和新余河段,重度污染采样点基本上位于支流.痕量金属元素中Cr、Fe、As主要来源于城市废水,工业活动和采矿活动;Ni、Cd、Tl主要来源于生活污水和工业废水;Mn、Al主要来源于自然活动和采矿活动.本研究可以为袁河流域的痕量金属元素污染治理提供科学依据.     

南京城区与郊区秋季大气PM_(10)中水溶性离子的特征研究

对南京市城区与郊区秋季PM10中水溶性离子的浓度水平,变化规律及其相关性进行分析。结果表明:水溶性离子是南京市PM10的重要组成部分,占PM10总量的26.8%～49.5%;NO3-、SO24-为南京PM10中离子的主要成分同时SO24-与PM10的相关性高,在郊区与城区相关系数分别为0.97与0.98;土壤源对Mg2+的贡献多于海洋气溶胶。郊区与城区非海盐Mg2+和Ca2+的比值分别为0.0308～0.0557与0.0314～0.0558,与中国北方沙漠地区相异,说明观测期间南京大气PM10主要受局地源影响;南京城、郊NO3-/SO24-均值分别为0.74和0.80,说明南京市城郊PM10中NO3-与SO24-更多地来自于机动车尾气排放。     

Denitrification of coking wastewater with micro-electrolysis

The denitrification for the coking wastewater was conducted by means of original battery principle with Fe-C micro-electrolysis. Fe-C serves as positive and negative electrodes, by which N0₂^?-N and TN were reduced to nitrogen, and then the purpose of denitrifieation for coking wastewater was realized. The influences of pH value, carbon particle size, Fe/C ratio (mass ratio), reaction time and coagulation pH value on removal rate of N0₂^?-N and TN were investigated. Coking wastewater originated from Jiamusi Coal Chemistry Engineering Company. The optimum conditions of treatment were as follows: the initial pH was 3.0, the dosage of Fe 73.5 g/L, reaction time 70 min, mass ratio of Fe/C ratio 1.0:1.3, coagulation pH 9.0 and sedimentation time 40 min. Under those conditions, nitrogen removal efficiencies of N0₂^?-N and TN were beyond 50% and 45%, respectively.     

Arsenic exposure increased expression of HOTAIR and LincRNA-p21 in vivo and vitro

Arsenic is an environmental contaminant, its multiple effects on human tend to increase the rate of disease, cancer and other health problems. Some of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can be induced in major cellular processes such as necrosis, proliferation, and mutation. While the toxicity of arsenic is well established, the association between arsenic exposure and long non-coding RNAs has not been studied enough. This study investigated the association between arsenic and the expression of HOTAIR and LincRNA-p21 in vivo and vitro. In epidemiological studies, the expression of HOTAIR and LincRNA-p21 was increased after long-term arsenic exposure. HOTAIR and LincRNA-p21 expression were positively linked to monomethylarsenic acid (MMA), dimethylarsenic acid (DMA), inorganic arsenic (iAs), total arsenic (tAs), and MMA% and negatively linked to secondary methylation index (SMI). In A549 cells, arsenic exposure resulted in enhanced HOTAIR and LincRNA-p21 expression dose-dependently. The expression of HOTAIR was considerably high in the presence of NaAsO₂ and MMA but showed no difference in DMA compared with control group. And LincRNA-p21 expression was increased in the presence of NaAsO₂, MMA, and DMA. The expression of HOTAIR and LincRNA-p21 induced by iAs was much higher than that induced by MMA and DMA. Compared with the control group, treatment of A549 cells with NaAsO₂/S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and NaAsO₂/glutathione (GSH) combination increased HOTAIR and LincRNA-p21 expression. The expression of LincRNA-p21 in combination of NaAsO₂/GSH was significantly decreased compared with NaAsO₂ alone. Besides, in the presence of arsenic, both of HOTAIR and LincRNA-p21 were upregulated significantly when P53 was knocked down. We revealed that inorganic arsenic, its methylated metabolites, and arsenic metabolism efficiency affect the expression of HOTAIR and LincRNA-p21.

     

重庆臭氧时空分布特征及其污染成因的初步分析

近年,臭氧(O₃)正逐渐取代PM_2.5成为中国首要大气污染物.因此,研究O₃的时空分布特征及污染成因对于空气污染治理与管控具有重要价值.重庆复杂的地形造成该地区O₃的污染成因具有很大的不确定性.采用2013—2020年重庆市主城区环境监测站O₃、PM_2.5、NO₂逐小时监测数据和国家气象站观测资料,分析了O₃的时空分布特征,并探究其与复杂地形、前体物、气象要素及PM_2.5的关系.结果表明:①2013—2020年臭氧日最大8 h平均浓度的第90百分位值年际变化总体呈现先减后增的趋势.发生臭氧污染月份数量增加,臭氧污染开始月份从6月提前到4月.②2019年重庆臭氧中度和重度(中重度)污染天数最多,为6 d.2013—2015年中重度污染频率由1.09%减少至0.27%,到2019年增加至1.64%,2020年降至0.81%.③重庆中重度污染期间,O₃的空间分布受山谷风环流与城市热岛效应的共同影响.白天城区站点O₃浓度高于山区站点O₃浓度,夜间山区站点O₃浓度高于城区站点O₃浓度.④城区站点的O₃与NO₂浓度呈现显著负相关,山区站点O₃与NO₂浓度的相关系数为负值,但相关性不显著.⑤重庆大部分O₃中重度污染由局地污染主导,在非高温或者高湿的情况下同样可能发生臭氧中重度污染.臭氧中重度污染发生时,风向多为西-北风.O₃浓度与气温和风速呈显著正相关,与相对湿度呈负相关.⑥重庆O₃-PM_2.5相关性城区与山区表现不一致,城区南坪站O₃-PM_2.5在暖季呈正相关关系,冷季相关性有正有负,山区缙云山站O₃-PM_2.5在暖季和冷季都呈正相关关系.     

隧道突泥涌水情景构建及演化状态预测模型

为实现对隧道突泥涌水事故的有效管控,基于情景分析理论,采用演化路径网络和演化矩阵模型,针对隧道突泥涌水灾害进行情景推演预测。将隧道突泥涌水情景要素归类为孕灾环境、致灾因子、驱动要素和承灾体,研究各要素的属性参数;基于承灾体损失将隧道突泥涌水情景分为6级,分析灾害情景的演化规律;建立灾害全过程的演化路径网络,构建预测灾害情景状态的演化矩阵模型,提出情景状态等级的概率分布算法。将该模型应用于雅叶高速公路折多山隧道,结果表明：该方法可准确地模拟隧道突泥涌水全过程的演化路径及情景状态,预测结果有助于隧道建设单位摸清既有能力和明确防灾任务,为其应急能力建设提供重要依据。     

南京北郊冬季大气PM_(10)水溶性无机离子粒径谱分布特征研究

于2009年11月26日至12月20日在南京北郊昼夜分粒径采集大气PM10样品,运用离子色谱法分析其水溶性无机离子的浓度及谱分布特征,讨论无机离子与大气污染物之间的关系,研究其来源特征。结果表明:PM2.1日均值为0.3921 mg/m3,超过EPA大气质量标准(0.065 mg/m3)5倍,PM10日均值为1.0103 mg/m3,为国家大气PM10三级标准(0.25 mg/m3)3.04倍,PM2.1占PM10约40%,说明冬季南京北郊颗粒物污染较严重,且以细粒子为主;PM10和PM2.1中的主要无机离子均为SO42-、Ca2+、Cl-,浓度大小为SO42->Ca2+>Cl-,且均表现为白天浓度高于夜晚;粒径谱分布为Ca2+、Cl-、SO42-均呈双峰,Ca2+主要存在于粗粒子中,SO42-、Cl-主要分布在积聚模;相关性分析表明,SO42-与NO3和Cl-显著性相关,系数分别为0.7910、0.9123,其可能存在同源性;由NO3-/SO42-的特征比值,白天和夜晚分别为0.0582和0.0484,均远小于1,说明南京北郊大气污染以固定源为主。     

Effectiveness of cascading time series models based on meteorological factors in improving health risk prediction

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Meteorological factors, which are periodic and regular in a long run, have an unignorable impact on human health. Accurate health risk prediction...