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251.
Lumbaque Elisabeth Cuervo Schweigert Cálita Elis dos Santos Leonardo Oliveira Lavayen Vladimir dos Santos João Henrique Zimnoch Sirtori Carla 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(19):24124-24137
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Pharmaceuticals, such as dipyrone (DIP), paracetamol (PCT), and propranolol (PPN), are widely used analgesics and beta-blockers with the greatest... 相似文献
252.
N. González Pericot P. Villoria Sáez M. Del Río Merino O. Liébana Carrasco 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(11):1932-1938
The construction sector is responsible for around 28% of the total waste volume generated in Europe, which exceeds the amount of household waste. This has led to an increase of different research studies focusing on construction waste quantification. However, within the research studies made, packaging waste has been analyzed to a limited extent. This article focuses on the packaging waste stream generated in the construction sector. To this purpose current on-site waste packaging management has been assessed by monitoring ten Mediterranean residential building works. The findings of the experimental data collection revealed that the incentive measures implemented by the construction company to improve on-site waste sorting failed to achieve the intended purpose, showing low segregation ratios. Subsequently, through an analytical study the generation patterns for packaging waste are established, leading to the identification of the prevailing kinds of packaging and the products responsible for their generation. Results indicate that plastic waste generation maintains a constant trend throughout the whole construction process, while cardboard becomes predominant towards the end of the construction works with switches and sockets from the electricity stage. Understanding the production patterns of packaging waste will be beneficial for adapting waste management strategies to the identified patterns for the specific nature of packaging waste within the context of construction worksites. 相似文献
253.
Penaeid shrimps comprise an important portion of the world's industrial fisheries and mariculture. In the Southwest Atlantic,
Penaeus (Farfantepenaeus) subtilis, P. (F.) paulensis, P. (F.) brasiliensis and P. (Litopenaeus) schmitti are the most important commercially exploited species. Despite their high commercial value, there is little information available
on the different aspects of their biology or genetics and almost no data on stock structure. Also, the taxonomic status of
P. subtilis populations in relation to P. paulensis and their geographic ranges have been recently questioned. In this paper we used both nuclear (allozymes) and mitochondrial
(cytochrome oxidase subunit 1) data to compare species of south-western Atlantic penaeids and to estimate their phylogenetic
relationships. We could readily discriminate among the four main Brazilian penaeid species and detected a fifth, new, species
of Penaeus. This new species corresponded to one of the described morphotypes of P. subtilis. Based on these analyses, the geographic ranges of P. subtilis and P. paulensis were clarified. Our data also support the conclusion of Baldwin et al. (1998) that the subgenus Farfantepenaeus is polyphyletic.
Received: 6 January 2000 / Accepted: 13 June 2000 相似文献
254.
255.
Maria G. L. Brandão Gustavo P. Cosenza Acácia M. Stanislau Geraldo W. Fernandes 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,163(1-4):369-377
For decades, several native medicinal species have been used by the pharmaceutical industry in Brazil to create commercial products. In 1995, the Ministry of Health, following the recommendations of the World Health Organization, established herbal regulations (RDC 17) in order to improve the quality of such products. In fact, only plant species with conclusive results from pharmacological and toxicological studies can be used for creating medicines. In this study, we evaluated the consequences of RDC 17 on the use and conservation of native medicinal plants by comparing the plant material used by six companies in 1995/1996 and 10 years later (2005/2006). Eighty-three different species were used in 1995/1996, 50 of them native (60.2%), 16 exotic (19.3%), and 17 imported (20.5%). In 2005/2006, 44 species were used by the companies and only 19 (43.2%) were native. The category of plant material that saw the largest decrease in use was roots, and in 2005/2006 leaves were more used. The study shows a strong reduction in the collection of native species signalizing the importance of herbal regulations on their conservation. It also points to the need for pharmacological and toxicological studies of the Brazilian native medicinal flora, as well as studies on their ecology and conservation. 相似文献
256.
R. del Valle-Zermeño J. Formosa J.M. Chimenos M. Martínez A.I. Fernández 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2013,33(3):621-627
The main goal of this paper is to obtain a granular material formulated with Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) bottom ash (BA) and air pollution control (APC) fly ash to be used as secondary building material. Previously, an optimum concrete mixture using both MSWI residues as aggregates was formulated. A compromise between the environmental behavior whilst maximizing the reuse of APC fly ash was considered and assessed. Unconfined compressive strength and abrasion resistance values were measured in order to evaluate the mechanical properties. From these results, the granular mixture was not suited for certain applications owing to the high BA/APC fly ash content and low cement percentages used to reduce the costs of the final product. Nevertheless, the leaching test performed showed that the concentrations of all heavy metals were below the limits established by the current Catalan legislation for their reutilization. Therefore, the material studied might be mainly used in embankments, where high mechanical properties are not needed and environmental safety is assured. 相似文献
257.
de Medeiros Engelmann Pâmela dos Santos Victor Hugo Jacks Mendes Moser Letícia Isabela do Canto Bruzza Eduardo Barbieri Cristina Barazzetti Barela Pâmela Susin de Moraes Diogo Pompéu Augustin Adolpho Herbert Goudinho Flávio Soares Melo Clarissa Lovato Ketzer João Marcelo Medina Rodrigues Luiz Frederico 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(26):21398-21411
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In Brazil, landfills are commonly used as a method for the final disposal of waste that is compliant with the legislation. This technique, however,... 相似文献
258.
This research conducted on municipal solid waste management for the first time quantified food spoilage as being 8.8% weight of all officially collected household garbage in the Brazilian city under study. The unexpected size of this waste fraction gave rise to work on the causes of waste and on its distribution over the product life cycle specific to fruit and vegetables. Waste was defined as being the combination of losses and scraps. Administrative shortcomings were identified as basic reasons for waste. At the producer and consumer ends of the cycle, negligence was shown to be the single most important problem. Fruit and vegetables deteriorate during the operations of handling, transport, packaging, storage, selling and consumption. The study detailed the occurrence of waste at all of these stages. In the medium-size Brazilian city, the total waste of fruit and vegetables was shown to amount to 16.6% weight in the marketing stage of the life cycle. At the consumer level, it was measured as 3.4% weight of all household garbage. Specific reasons for this waste were identified at the levels of producer, wholesaler and retailer. Short-term remedies were pointed out that invariably corrected deficient management procedures. It was shown that very simple administrative measures can significantly reduce the spoilage of fruit and vegetables. Long-term strategies involve the creation of sample cases for administration of the fruit and vegetables life cycle at all stages. 相似文献
259.
Ignacio González-Fernández Victoria Bermejo Susana Elvira Javier Sanz Benjamín S. Gimeno Rocío Alonso 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(21-22):2507-2517
Modelling ozone (O3) deposition for impact risk assessment is still poorly developed for herbaceous vegetation, particularly for Mediterranean annual pastures. High inter-annual climatic variability in the Mediterranean area makes it difficult to develop models characterizing gas exchange behaviour and air pollutant absorption suitable for risk assessment. This paper presents a new model to estimate stomatal conductance (gs) of Trifolium subterraneum, a characteristic species of dehesa pastures. The MEDPAS (MEDiterranean PAStures) model couples 3 modules estimating soil water content (SWC), vegetation growth and gs. The gs module is a reparameterized version of the stomatal component of the EMEP DO3SE O3 deposition model. The MEDPAS model was applied to two contrasting years representing typical dry and humid springs respectively and with different O3 exposures. The MEDPAS model reproduced realistically the gs seasonal and inter-annual variations observed in the field. SWC was identified as the major driver of differences across years. Despite the higher O3 exposure in the dry year, meteorological conditions favoured 2.1 times higher gs and 56 day longer growing season in the humid year compared to the dry year. This resulted in higher ozone fluxes absorbed by T. subterraneum in the humid year. High inter-family variability was found in gas exchange rates, therefore limiting the relevance of single species O3 deposition flux modelling for dehesa pastures. Stomatal conductance dynamics at the canopy level need to be considered for more accurate O3 flux modelling for present and future climate scenarios in the Mediterranean area. 相似文献
260.
Characterization of wood plastic composites made from landfill-derived plastic and sawdust: Volatile compounds and olfactometric analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Application of wood plastic composites (WPCs) obtained from recycled materials initially intended for landfill is usually limited by their composition, mainly focused on release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which could affect quality or human safety. The study of the VOCs released by a material is a requirement for new composite materials. Characterization and quantification of VOCs of several WPC produced with low density polyethylene (LDPE) and polyethylene/ethylene vinyl acetate (PE/EVA) films and sawdust were carried out, in each stage of production, by solid phase microextraction in headspace mode (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). An odor profile was also obtained by HS-SPME and GC–MS coupled with olfactometry analysis. More than 140 compounds were observed in the raw materials and WPC samples. Some quantified compounds were considered WPC markers such as furfural, 2-methoxyphenol, N-methylphthalimide and 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol. Hexanoic acid, acetic acid, 2-methoxyphenol, acetylfuran, diacetyl, and aldehydes were the most important odorants. None of the VOCs were found to affect human safety for use of the WPC. 相似文献