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561.
Mónica A. Silva Rui Prieto Sara Magalhães Maria I. Seabra Ricardo S. Santos Philip S. Hammond 《Marine Biology》2008,156(2):179-192
Very little is known about the ecology of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) living in oceanic waters. This study investigated the ranging and residence patterns of bottlenose dolphins occurring in
the Azores (Portugal), the most isolated archipelago in the North Atlantic. Data were collected during standardized boat-based
surveys conducted over a 6-year period in an area of approximately 5,400 km2 (main study area). To investigate the extent of movements of individual animals, non-systematic surveys were also conducted
outside this area. Only 44 individuals out of 966 identified were frequently sighted within and between years. The remaining
individuals were either temporary migrants from within or outside the archipelago, or transients. Resident dolphins showed
strong geographic fidelity to the area. Long-distance movements (of almost 300 km), consistent with foraging or exploratory
trips, were observed among non-resident dolphins. Home range size was estimated for 31 individuals sighted ≥10 times. Range
areas of these dolphins varied in size and location, but considerable overlap was observed in the areas used, suggesting the
absence of habitat partitioning between resident and non-resident dolphins. Estimates of home range size of bottlenose dolphins
in the Azores were found to be considerably larger than those previously reported for this species. It is hypothesized that
dolphins living in the Azores carry out extensive movements and have large home ranges in response to the lower density and
patchy distribution of prey compared to other areas. The extensive ranging behaviour and the lack of territoriality provide
an opportunity for interbreeding between dolphins associated with different islands, thus preventing genetic differentiation
within the population of the Azores. 相似文献
562.
Francisco J. Arjona Susana Sangiao-Alvarellos Sergio Polakof Angel García-López María P. Martín del Río Gonzalo Martínez-Rodríguez José L. Soengas Juan M. Mancera 《Marine Biology》2008,153(4):661-671
To assess the interaction between testosterone (T) treatment and acclimation to different salinities, seawater-acclimated
gilthead sea bream (Sparus auratus) were implanted with slow-release coconut oil implants alone (control) or containing T (5 μg/g body mass). After 5 days,
eight fish of control and T-treated groups were sampled. The same day, eight fish of each group were transferred to low salinity
water (LSW, 6 ppt, hypoosmotic test), seawater (SW, 38 ppt, control test) and high salinity water (HSW, 55 ppt, hyperosmotic
test) and sampled 9 days later. Gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity increased in HSW-acclimated fish with respect to SW- and LSW-acclimated fish in both control and T-treated
groups. Kidney Na+, K+-ATPase activity was also enhanced in HSW-acclimated fish, but only in T-treated group. From a metabolic point of view, most
of the changes observed can be attributed to the action of salinity and T treatment alone, since few interactions between
T treatment and osmotic acclimation to different salinities were observed. Those interactions included in treated fish: in
the liver, decreased capacity in using glucose in fish acclimated to extreme salinities; in the gills, decreased capacity
in using amino acids in HSW; in the kidneys increased capacity in using amino acids in extreme salinities; and in the brain,
decreased glycogen and acetoacetate levels of fish in LSW. 相似文献
563.
More of the Same: High Functional Redundancy in Stream Fish Assemblages from Tropical Agroecosystems 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
564.
Maria Helena Guimarães Annie McKee Maria Luísa Lima Lia Vasconcelos Tomasz Boski Tomaz Dentinho 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2015,58(10):1827-1852
The definition of management actions in natural resource management requires the integration of all types of knowledge involved. An appropriate approach for such a challenge is the ideal of transdisciplinarity. A transdisciplinary process can be considered “consultative” when knowledge is simply gathered and collated, or “participatory” when knowledge integration is undertaken collectively. In this paper, we present a mixed mode procedure (i.e., using interviews, questionnaires, and group discussions) that empirically demonstrates the difference between consultative and participatory transdisciplinary processes. The mixed mode procedure is used for identifying the most relevant problems occurring in the coastal system of Praia da Vitória bay, Azores, Portugal. This mixed mode procedure is likely to be useful for other studies, because the results highlight the need to promote face-to-face interaction at the earliest opportunity, and because it allows an understanding to be gained of social learning processes, the influence of power, and participant behaviour during interaction with others. 相似文献
565.
566.
567.
Stavroula Leka Aditya Jain Maria Widerszal-Bazyl Dorota Żołnierczyk-Zreda Gerard Zwetsloot 《Safety Science》2011,49(7):1047-1057
The nature of work has changed dramatically due to globalisation, migration, technological advances and the emergence of the knowledge-based economy. These changes have been accompanied by the increased prevalence of new and emerging types of risk to workers’ health and safety, such as psychosocial risks. This paper reviews the key regulatory and voluntary standards on occupational health and safety of relevance to the management of psychosocial risks in the workplace that are applicable to the European Union member states. The review indicates that regulatory standards set the minimum level of protection for workers and voluntary standards may further enable organisations to go beyond their legal obligations. However, the review also highlights that the terms ‘stress’ and ‘psychosocial risks’ are not mentioned explicitly in most pieces of legislation leading to lack of clarity on the terminology used. While voluntary standards seek to address this, very few provide specific guidance on the process of psychosocial risk management to enable organisations to manage psychosocial risks successfully. On the basis of the review, the case for the development of a voluntary standard for psychosocial risk management is presented. The paper further discusses the recent development of such a standard and its implications at the European level. 相似文献
568.
569.
Etienne Neethling Théo Petitjean Hervé Quénol Gérard Barbeau 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2017,22(5):777-803
Adaptation to climate change is a major challenge facing the viticulture sector. Temporally, adaptation strategies and policies have to address potential impacts in both the short- and long term, whereas spatially, place-based and context-specific adaptations are essential. To help inform decision-making on climate change adaptation, this study adopted a bottom-up approach to assess local climate vulnerability and winegrowers’ adaptive processes in two regulated wine-producing areas in the Anjou-Saumur wine growing sub-region, France. The data used for this study were collected through individual semi-structured interviews with 30 winegrowers. With a focus on wine quality, climate-related exposure, and sensitivity were dependent on many contextual factors (e.g., northern geographical position, wine regulatory frameworks, local environmental features) interacting with the regional oceanic climate. Climate and other non-climate-related variables brought about important changes in winegrowers’ management practices, varying in time and space. This ongoing process in decision-making enhanced winegrowers’ adaptive responses, which were primarily reactive (e.g., harvesting, winemaking) or anticipatory (e.g., canopy and soil management) to short-term climate conditions. Winegrowers described changing trends in climate- and grapevine (Vitis) -related variables, with the latter attributed to regional climate changes and evolving management practices. Regarding future climate trends, winegrowers’ displayed great uncertainty, placing the most urgent adaptation priority on short-term strategies, while changing grapevine varieties and using irrigation were identified as last resort strategies. The study concluded by discussing the implications of these findings in the context of climate change adaptation in viticulture. 相似文献
570.