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741.
We measured heavy metal concentrations in yellow-legged gulls (n = 196) and European shags (n = 189) in order to assess the temporal pattern of contaminant exposure following the Prestige oil spill in November 2002. We analysed Pb, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni and V levels in chick feathers sampled at four colonies during seven post-spill years (2003-2009), and compared results with pre-spill levels obtained from feathers of juvenile shag corpses (grown in spring/summer 2002). Following the Prestige wreck, Cu (4.3-10 μg g−1) and Pb concentrations (1.0-1.4 μg g−1) were, respectively, between two and five times higher than pre-spill levels (1.5-3.6 and 0.1-0.4 μg g−1), but returned to previous background concentrations after three years. Our study highlights the suitability of chick feathers of seabirds for assessing the impact of oil spills on heavy metal contamination, and provides the best evidence to date on the persistence of oil pollution after the Prestige incident. 相似文献
742.
V.?L.?P.?SalazarEmail author A.?L.?Le?o D.?S.?Rosa J.?G.?C.?Gomez R.?C.?P.?Alli 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2011,19(3):677-688
This paper discusses the results of biodegradability tests of natural fibers used by the automotive industry, namely: coir,
coir with latex, and sisal. The biodegradation of coir, coir with latex, and of sisal fibers was determined by monitoring
the production of carbon dioxide (CO2) (IBAMA—E.1.1.2, 1988) and fungal growth (DIN 53739, 1984). The contents of total extractives, lignin, holocellulose, ashes,
carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen of the fibers under study were determined in order to ascertain their actual content and to
understand the results of the biodegradation tests. The production of CO2 indicated low biodegradation, i.e., about 10% in mass, for all the materials after 45 days of testing; in other words, no
material inhibited glucose degradation. However, the percentage of sisal fiber degradation was fourfold higher than that of
coir with latex in the same period of aging. The fungal growth test showed a higher growth rate on sisal fibers, followed
by coir without latex. In the case of coir with latex, we believe the fungal growth was not intense, because natural latex
produces a bactericide or fungicide for its preservation during bleeding [1]. An evaluation of the materials after 90 days of aging tests revealed breaking of the fibers, particularly sisal and coir
without latex, indicating fungal attack and biodegradation processes. 相似文献
743.
Behavioural and biochemical responses of two marine invertebrates Scrobicularia plana and Hediste diversicolor to copper oxide nanoparticles 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Buffet PE Tankoua OF Pan JF Berhanu D Herrenknecht C Poirier L Amiard-Triquet C Amiard JC Bérard JB Risso C Guibbolini M Roméo M Reip P Valsami-Jones E Mouneyrac C 《Chemosphere》2011,84(1):166-174
Engineered nano-sized Cu oxide particles are extensively used in diverse applications. Because aquatic environments are the ultimate “sink” for all contaminants, it is expected that nanoparticles (NP) will follow the same fate. In this study, two marine invertebrates Scrobicularia plana and Hediste diversicolor were chosen as ecotoxicological models. The aim was to evaluate behavioural (burrowing kinetics, feeding rate) and biochemical (biomarkers) responses of S. plana and H. diversicolor exposed in the laboratory to Cu (10 μg L−1) added in natural seawater either in the form of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) of CuO or as dissolved Cu in 2% HNO3. Exposure was characterized by considering (i) the physico-chemical fate of NP (ii) the fraction of labile Cu in experimental media and (iii) Cu bioaccumulation. Results showed high aggregation of CuO NPs in seawater and no additional bioavailable Cu concentrations. Behavioural impairments were observed in S. plana exposed to CuO NPs or soluble Cu whereas in H. diversicolor, only the exposure to soluble Cu led to a burrowing decrease. No obvious neurotoxicity effects were revealed since in both species, no changes in cholinesterasic activity occurred in response to both forms of Cu exposure. Biomarkers of oxidative-stress catalase and glutathione-S-transferase were enhanced in both species whereas superoxide dismutase was increased only in S. plana exposed to CuO NPs. Metallothionein-like protein was increased in bivalves exposed to both forms of Cu. Since, no detectable release of soluble Cu from CuO NPs occurred during the time of experiment, ecotoxicity effects seem to be related to CuO NPs themselves. 相似文献
744.
The aqueous solubility of hexafluorobenzene has been determined, at 298.15 K, using a shake-flask method with a spectrophotometric quantification technique. Furthermore, the solubility of hexafluorobenzene in saline aqueous solutions, at distinct salt concentrations, has been measured. Both salting-in and salting-out effects were observed and found to be dependent on the nature of the cationic/anionic composition of the salt. COSMO-RS, the Conductor-like Screening Model for Real Solvents, has been used to predict the corresponding aqueous solubilities at conditions similar to those used experimentally. The prediction results showed that the COSMO-RS approach is suitable for the prediction of salting-in/-out effects. The salting-in/-out phenomena have been rationalized with the support of COSMO-RS σ-profiles. The prediction potential of COSMO-RS regarding aqueous solubilities and octanol-water partition coefficients has been compared with typically used QSPR-based methods. Up to now, the absence of accurate solubility data for hexafluorobenzene hampered the calculation of the respective partition coefficients. Combining available accurate vapor pressure data with the experimentally determined water solubility, a novel air-water partition coefficient has been derived. 相似文献
745.
This work investigates the thermal release of mercury from phosphor powder of spent fluorescent lamps. The treatment conditions and the ability of various reducing agents (primarily sodium borohydride) to lower the overall heating temperature required to improve the release of Hg have been evaluated. Hg species in samples were monitored in a thermal desorption atomic absorption spectrometer system, and total mercury was analyzed in a cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometer. Sodium borohydride was the best reducing agent among the ones studied. However, citric acid presented a high capacity to weaken mercury bonds with the matrix. When the sample was crushed with sodium borohydride for 40min in a mass ratio of 10:1 (sample:reducing agent) and submitted to thermal treatment at 300 degrees C for 2h, the concentration of mercury in a phosphor powder sample with 103mgkg(-1) of mercury reached 6.6mgkg(-1). 相似文献
746.
Francisco Luiza Flavia Veiga do Amaral Crispim Bruno Spósito Juliana Caroline Vivian Solórzano Julio César Jut Maran Nayara Halimy Kummrow Fábio do Nascimento Valter Aragão Montagner Cassiana Carolina De Oliveira Kelly Mari Pires Barufatti Alexeia 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(24):24581-24594
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Groundwaters are normally consumed without previous treatment and therefore the monitoring of contaminants in order to guarantee its safety is... 相似文献
747.
de Barcellos Fernandes Thatiana Verônica Rodrigues Camara Volney M. Barrocas Paulo Rubens Guimarães Mayer Armando Froes Asmus Carmen I. R. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2018,25(17):16810-16815
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - There are few studies about children’s environmental exposure to arsenic (As) in Brazil, most of them being in mining regions. The objective of... 相似文献
748.
Oliveira Janaína de Moura Madari Beata Emoke Carvalho Márcia Thaís de Melo Assis Paula Camylla Ramos Silveira André Luiz Rodrigues de Leles Lima Mateus Wruck Flávio Jesus Medeiros João Carlos Machado Pedro Luiz Oliveira de Almeida 《Regional Environmental Change》2018,18(1):105-116
Regional Environmental Change - Integrated farming systems (IS) are one of the main strategies of the Brazilian government to reduce or compensate for carbon emissions from agriculture with... 相似文献
749.
Gerold Gerhard Couto Eduardo Guimarães Madari Beata Emoke Jungkunst Hermann F. Amorim Ricardo Silva Santos Hohnwald Stefan Klingler Michael de Almeida Machado Pedro Luiz Oliveira Schönenberg Regine Nendel Claas 《Regional Environmental Change》2018,18(1):1-9
Regional Environmental Change - 相似文献
750.
Heavy metal content of edible plants collected close to an area of intense mining activity (southern Portugal) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Fernando H. Reboredo João Pelica Fernando C. Lidon José C. Ramalho Maria F. Pessoa Teresa Calvão Manuela Simões Mauro Guerra 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2018,190(8):484
The Neves-Corvo mining complex (MC) situated in southern Portugal exploits one of the most world’s important copper deposits. Agricultural soils surrounding the MC, used by the inhabitants for crop production, contain excessive amounts of As, Cu, Pb, and Zn. Thus, a potential risk to human consumption exists if edible plants grow on these substrata. Arsenic and Pb were not detected in edible samples collected near the MC and 5 km away, but in the leaves—structural or adsorbed onto the surface. In general, Zn was the most mobile element in both contaminated and reference areas as seen by the bioaccumulation factors (BAF). The tolerable upper intake (TUI) values for Cu are a reason of concern, since in 57.1% of the cases, the TUI values are above the recommended upper limit of 5 mg/day, in the case of Ficus carica, Cucurbita pepo, and Phaseolus vulgaris, whereas in 28.6% of the cases, the TUI values are near this limit (C. pepo and Citrus x sinensis). The consumption of such vegetables from these areas must be banned or strongly reduced, since long-term accumulation of Cu can cause a chronic toxicity in humans. 相似文献