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51.
An anaerobic continuous-flow fixed-bed column reactor capable of degrading 3-chlorobenzoate (3-CBA) under denitrifying conditions was established, and its rate reached 2.26 mM d(-1). The denitrifying population completely degraded 3-CBA when supplied at 0.1-0.54 mM, but its activity was partly suppressed when 3-CBA was supplied at 0.89 mM. Nitrate was concomitantly consumed throughout the operation of the reactor, the amount of which was similar to or up to 35% higher than the theoretical stoichiometric value that was calculated by assuming that 3-CBA degradation is coupled with denitrification. Batch incubation experiments proved that nitrate is strictly required for 3-CBA degradation in the absence of molecular oxygen. The population also degraded 3-CBA aerobically. Benzoate and 4-CBA were degraded under denitrifying conditions as well as 3-CBA, but 2-CBA was not. Considering that the previously reported denitrifying 3-CBA-degrading cultures do not exhibit 4-CBA degradation under denitrifying conditions, nor aerobic 3-CBA degradation [FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 144 (1996) 213, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66 (2000) 3446], the microbial population developed in this experiment was physiologically versatile with respect to the utilization of both electron donors and electron acceptors. 相似文献
52.
Kazuhiro Okabe Hiroshi Mano Yuichi Fujioka 《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2010,4(4):597-602
The membrane flash process utilizing waste thermal energy was developed to achieve an energy-saving technology and to substitute it for a conventional regenerator. The operating conditions of the membrane flash at high temperature were studied. The petroleum refining process and iron manufacturing process were proposed for candidate processes that actually had waste energy sources. The DEA concentration and the flashing pressure had optimum values to improve the performance and reduce the energy consumption for CO2 recovery. Energy consumptions and costs for CO2 recovery in the membrane flash and chemical absorption were estimated by a process simulator and discussed under the same conditions. The membrane flash can achieve lower energy capture than the chemical absorption for the above industrial processes. The membrane flash is suitable for the CO2 emission sources that had high CO2 concentration independently of the plant scale. The chemical absorption can be applied if the plant scale is large and also the CO2 concentration is low. 相似文献
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PCDDs and PCDFs in vehicle exhaust particles in Japan. 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Vehicle exhaust particles from gasoline and diesel engine cars were analyzed for PCDDs and PCDFs. The congener patterns of PCDDs and PCDFs in exhaust particles were different between gasoline and diesel engine cars. Suspended particulate matter from electrostatic precipitator connected to a highway tunnel was also analyzed for PCDDs and PCDFs. The congener pattern of suspended particular matter was different from both of gasoline and diesel engine cars. Total amounts of PCDDs/PCDFs sum concentrations in gasoline, diesel and suspended particulate matter were 0.21, 0.87 and 26.0 ng/g, respectively. The I-TEQs levels in gasoline, diesel and suspended particulate matter were 4.2, 11 and 242 pg/g, respectively. 相似文献
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Kazuya Goto Hiromichi Okabe Firoz Alam Chowdhury Shinkichi Shimizu Yuichi Fujioka Masami Onoda 《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2011,5(5):1214-1219
In order to establish energy-saving technology for CO2 capture from blast furnace gas, novel absorbents were developed in the laboratory and evaluated at a 1 tCO2/d test plant. At first, CO2 absorption and desorption behaviors of single-component amine solvents for simulated blast furnace gas (CO2/N2 = 20%/80%) were investigated through a screening test using a small scrubbing bottle. These amine solvents were additionally analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) spectroscopy and reaction calorimetry. The results of the laboratory experiments showed that there was a trade-off between absorption rate and enthalpy of absorption but some absorbents had unique features. For example, 2-isopropylaminoethanol (IPAE) had high absorption rate and small enthalpy of absorption. Then, new IPAE-based amine solvents (RITE solvents: RITE-A and RITE-B) were formulated and evaluated at the 1 tCO2/d test plant. CO2 regeneration energies of the RITE solvents were 3.3 and 3.1 GJ/tCO2, respectively. With certain process conditions and plant specifications optimized, RITE-B was estimated to have the potential to achieve 2.5 GJ/tCO2. 相似文献