地下水污染抽出处理技术中抽水井最优布局方案研究

抽出-处理技术是治理地下水污染简便易行的方法。影响抽出-处理效率的因素很多,本文在介绍了各种技术影响因素后,采用Visual Modflow软件着重分析技术因素中井群的不同布局对抽水效率的影响。本文设计了10种井布局方案,都以抽出污染物的量达到95%为目标,得出井以直线形式排列在污染羽中轴线上,且集中排列在污染源下游的布局为最优方案,为地下水污染的抽出处理技术方案提供参考。     

可吸入颗粒物污染与气象因子的关系

对闸北区空气自动监测站2009年SO2、NO2、PM10的浓度和气象参数变化特征进行研究,可吸入颗粒物的时间变化特征表明,总体上呈现冬春季高、夏秋季低;PM10与降水量、相对湿度、温度呈现一定的负相关性,但与风速的相关性随季节不同而不同,与气压略呈正相关性。对典型日和灰霾日PM10、SO2、NO2以及相应气象因子的特征进行了分析比较。     

漓江沉积柱重金属垂向分布特征及污染评价

对桂林漓江3个采样点沉积柱状沉积物中主要重金属元素(Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb、As和Ni)的垂向分布进行了测定。结果表明:7种重金属元素具有相似的垂向变化特征;横向上表现为靠近市区的含量高远离,市区的含量低。地积累指数评价结果显示,远离市区的沉积柱7种金属污染程度较轻,仅有Cd和Ni属于无～中污染程度。临近市区的沉积柱形成污染的元素为Cd、Cu、Zn、Pb和As,主要集中在底层和次表层。     

吸附法油气回收装置中真空泵的安装与调试

简要介绍了济南分公司油气回收装置、真空泵的工作原理以及安装与调试应注意的问题.     

Archaeal community structure along a gradient of petroleum contamination in saline-alkali soil

The impact of petroleum on archaeal community in salinealkali soils was investigated, which will expand the knowledge of the archaeal population involved in the natural attenuation of hydrocarbons in extreme environments.     

Reversibly enhanced aqueous solubilization of volatile organic compounds using a redox-reversible surfactant

Surfactant-enhanced remediation (SER) is an effective method for the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from contaminated soils and groundwater. To reuse the surfactant the VOCs must be separated from the surfactant solutions. The water solubility of VOCs can be enhanced using reversible surfactants with a redox-acive group, (ferrocenylmethyl)dodecyldimethylammonium bromide (Fcl2) and (ferrocenylmethyl)tetradecanedimethylammonium bromide (Fcl4), above and below their critical micelle concentrations (CMC) under reducing (I⁺) and oxidative (I²⁺) conditions. The CMC values of Fcl2 and Fcl4 in I⁺ are 0.94 and 0.56 mmol/L and the solubilization of toluene by Fcl2 and Fcl4 in I⁺ for toluene is higher than the solubilization achieved with sodium dodecyl sulfate, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and Trition X-114. The solubilization capacity of the ferrocenyl surfactants for each tested VOCs ranked as follows: ethylbenzene > toluene > benzene. The solubilities of VOCs by reversible surfactant in I⁺ were 30% higher than those in I²⁺ at comparable surfactant concentrations. The effects of Fcl4 concentrations on VOCs removal efficiency were as follows: benzene > toluene > ethylbenzene. However, an improved removal efficiency was achieved at low ferrocenyl surfactant concentrations. Furthermore, the reversible surfactant could be recycled through chemical approaches to remove organic pollutants, which could significantly reduce the operating costs of SER technology.     

型煤产业发展与提高

本文论述发展工业型煤产业的重要意义和技术质量保证,洁净煤技术是控制污染和节约能源,提高煤炭资源利用率的重要技术项目,将粉煤生产成型煤,为工业、民用提供洁净的燃料,既充分利用煤炭资源同时改善能源结构,又有显著的环保效益,国家把煤炭产业列入中国洁净煤技术有限发展项目,目前制约型煤产业的发展要造气型和燃烧型煤并举,同时有利于用户的节能效益。     

鄂尔多斯节能减排现状及建议

鄂尔多斯作为典型资源型城市,资源性产业在国民经济中长期占据主导地位,因此节能减排任务十分艰巨。本文分析总结了“十一五”以来鄂尔多斯市节能减排取得的成效及采取的主要措施,并在此基础上提出了几点建议。     

高温状态下受热时间对膨润土物性指标的影响∗

高温状态下膨润土的物性指标变化是高放核废物深地质处置库设计的重要参数之一。通过高温状态下不同受热时间MX80钠基膨润土的比重、液塑限、自由膨胀率试验,研究了受热时间对膨润土基本物性指标的影响规律;并通过热重分析(TGA)、X衍射(XDR)、电镜扫描(SEM)试验,从微观角度对上述变化规律进行了合理解释。研究结果表明:随着受热时间的增加,膨润土的比重、液塑限、自由膨胀率在受热15～30天内急剧下降,降幅分别为2.5%、3.1%和28.3%,之后各值变化量很小;高温状态下,膨润土的矿物成分转化、结合水脱附、微观形貌改变是膨润土物性指标发生变化的根本原因,三者之间相互作用和彼此影响。     

Biosorption mechanisms involved in immobilization of soil Pb by Bacillus subtilis DBM in a multimetal-contaminated soil

Mechanisms of soil Pb immobilization by Bacillus subtilis DBM, a bacterial strain isolated from a heavy-metal-contaminated soil, were investigated. Adsorption and desorption experiments with living bacterial cells as well as dead cells revealed that both extracellular adsorption and intracellular accumulation were involved in the Pb2＋removal from the liquid phase. Of the sequestered Pb（II）, 8.5% was held by physical entrapment within the cell wall, 43.3% was held by ion-exchange, 9.7% was complexed with cell surface functional groups or precipitated on the cell surface, and 38.5% was intracellularly accumulated.Complexation of Pb2＋with carboxyl, hydroxyl, carbonyl, amido, and phosphate groups was demonstrated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis. Precipitates of Pb5（PO4）3OH, Pb5（PO4）3Cl and Pb10（PO4）6（OH）2that formed on the cell surface during the biosorption process were identified by X-ray diffraction analysis. Transmission electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopic analysis confirmed the presence of the Pb（II）precipitates and that Pb（II） could be sequestered both extracellularly and intracellularly.Incubation with B. subtilis DBM significantly decreased the amount of the weak-acid-soluble Pb fraction in a heavy-metal-contaminated soil, resulting in a reduction in Pb bioavailability, but increased the amount of its organic-matter-bound fraction by 71%. The ability of B.subtilis DBM to reduce the bioavailability of soil Pb makes it potentially useful for bacteria-assisted phytostabilization of multi-heavy-metal-contaminated soil.