新疆土壤盐渍化成因及其防治对策研究

论述了新疆土壤盐渍化形成的地质、地貌、土壤质地和人为灌溉方式不合理等原因,说明土壤盐渍化是一种自然现象。通过调查,目前新疆盐渍化土壤主要有稳定脱盐型、脱盐聚盐混合型、脱盐聚盐反复型、持续聚盐型和灌溉聚盐型,其中脱盐聚盐混合型和脱盐聚盐反复型分布最为广泛,稳定脱盐型仅分布于竖井排灌区。总结了新疆土壤盐渍化的治理研究过程及国内外防治土壤盐渍化的措施,提出了竖井排灌工程是防治新疆土壤盐渍化最有效的措施。通过工程实例,证明了竖井排灌具有降低地下水位和灌溉作用,且经济效益明显。     

土壤污染研究现状与趋势

简要介绍了土壤污染研究领域的主要内容 ,归纳了土壤污染研究中一些主要方法。结合土壤污染发展特点 ,对今后土壤污染研究的重点方向作了一般性探讨。     

生长温度对盾叶薯蓣POD活性等生理特性的影响

研究了15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃和35℃五个不同温度条件下盾叶薯蓣一些生理参数的变化.结果显示,盾叶薯蓣叶片的POD活性和MDA含量的变化呈V字形,其中在25℃时处于最低点;可溶性蛋白含量的变化呈M字形,可溶糖含量的变化呈W字形.在15℃、20℃、30℃和35℃下, 5d内,随着时间的延长,MDA含量增加,POD活性、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖的含量下降;在25℃下,盾叶薯蓣的POD活性以及MDA、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖的含量变化较小,相对稳定,所以25℃是最为适宜的生长温度. 图1表1参20     

Development of a PCR strategy for thraustochytrid identification based on 18S rDNA sequence

The identification and characterization of the thraustochytrids, an emerging economically and biotechnologically important group of marine heterotrophic protists, is usually based on morphological characters. In this research we used molecular markers to identify thraustochytrids. We designed three sets of primers based on the 18S rDNA sequence alignment of known strains and employed a PCR (polymerase chain reaction) strategy to identify unknown thraustochytrid isolates. DNA from 26 thraustochytrids (three isolated from primary cell cultures of the tunicate Botryllus schlosseri and 23 from a coral holding aquarium) were amplified by these primers, revealing 21 isolates with three bands each, which were assigned to two groups according to PCR fragment sizes. Taxonomic characterizations were deduced by comparing with GenBank data. Four isolates were further studied by sequencing their 18S rDNA. Sequence alignments and phylogenetic analysis revealed that isolates from the coral aquarium (7-5 and 8-7) were highly similar to each other and 95.0-97.0% similar to Thraustochytrium multirudimentale and Schizochytrium minutum. Isolates from the tunicate primary cell cultures (BS1 and BS2) were also closely related to each other and 84.3-86.0% similar to labyrinthulid quahog parasite and Thraustochytrium pachydermum. AFLP (amplified fragment-length polymorphism) analysis revealed 2.5-3.6% differences within the genomic DNA of each group, showing that each isolate is different, although isolates within each group may belong to the same species, in spite of differences found in the general morphology.     

有机化合物水中溶解度的测定与估算

本文介绍用摇瓶法、产生柱法和动态联柱高效液相色谱法等方法测定有机化合物在水中溶解度的研究方法,同时给出了某些农药、硝基多环芳烃和氯苯类化合物的水中溶解度的实验数值.     

土壤环境中砷污染的危害及其研究进展

本文综述了砷污染的危害及其形成原因，介绍了国内外土壤砷污染研究的现状，展望了21世纪砷污染研究的发展趋势．     

农药在土壤中迁移的研究方法

农药对地下水的污染已日益为人们密切关注，本文详细介绍了用土壤柱和土壤薄层层析法研究农药在土壤迁移行为用于预测或评价农药对地下水污染程度的研究方法。     

The transportation,time-dependent distribution of heavy metals in paddy crops

Sixteen experimenmtal plots (5 m x 6 m = 30 m2) were designed with four different levels of heavy metals (HMs) concentration in soil. The concentrations of heavy metals in soils, and paddy plant during the different periods of growth were investigated. A relationship between the total HM content in plants and the HM level in soil was found for a wide range of concentrations. The exchangeable fraction of HMs extracted with 1 M MgCl2 solution according to Tessier's method increased correlation with the dosage of supplemented HMs, then decreased as time went on. The time-related variation of exchangeable HMs in soil demonstrated that the amount of effective HMs taken up by paddy differed at various growth phases. The amount of HMs accumulated in different parts of paddy followed the order of root > stem > grain, leaf. The transportation potential of the HMs in paddy in present study followed the order of Zn, Cr > Cd, Cu > Pb. The HM content in root, stem and leaf of paddy plant (dry weight) was low at time of seedling. The concentration in the root increased sharply at time of tillering, decreased thereafter. The concentrations in stem and leaf reached the highest at time of tillering, then decreased, while rose slightly at following time.     

重金属废水处理中磁分离技术的应用现状研究

论述了重金属废水的来源及危害,简要概述了当前重金属废水的处理技术,着重阐述了磁分离技术的基本原理及其在重金属废水处理中的应用情况,指出磁分离技术具有高效、短时、占地少、成本低、耐冲击负荷能力强及不产生二次污染等优点,是一项极具发展前景的技术。最后还指出了磁分离技术在重金属废水处理中面临的问题,针对这些问题展望了磁分离技术在废水处理领域的三个主要研究趋势,一是制备高效、可再生磁种;二是开发磁回收工艺;三是研究磁种与重金属及其他污染物的作用机理。