固体水造林效果试验研究

本文研究了达拉特旗固体水试验区固体水对土壤含水量、造林成活率、保存率和树木生长情况的影响及效果。结果表明,在鄂尔多斯干旱半干旱地区施用固体水,可以明显地改善土壤水分状况,施用固体水的三个树种的土壤含水量均比对照有不同程度的提高。尤其放置固体水的30-40cm土层,即植物根系的主要分布层的土壤含水量明显高于对照,与对照相比提高1.4%-3.6%;固体水处理对柠条、沙柳、杨树成活和保存均有明显的作用,与对照相比,分别提高了14.6%、19.6%、10.5%和14.2%、24.3%和13.5%;固体水对沙柳、杨树的植株生长也均有明显的促进作用,尤其生物量达到了对照的3倍左右。     

重防腐涂料在海洋工程钢结构中的研究进展

海洋重防腐涂料是金属腐蚀防护的重要手段,具有相对于常规防腐涂料更长的保护期。简述了海洋工程钢结构的腐蚀现状以及海洋重防腐涂料研究的必要性,总结了国内外在重防腐涂料领域的研究进展,介绍了溶剂型重防腐涂料的主要种类和目前的制备工艺,水性重防腐涂料的种类和发展趋势,以及新型纳米改性涂料的特点和应用情况。     

Overqualification and counterproductive work behaviors: Examining a moderated mediation model

The current study examined the effect of employees' perceived overqualification on counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs). Building on person–job fit theory and prior research on such organizational phenomena, we conceptualized overqualification as a type of poor person–job fit. Drawing on the dual‐process model, we further suggested that in processing their person–job misfit, overqualified employees might cognitively appraise themselves as less worthy organizational members and experientially feel angry toward the employment situation. We also suggested that to the extent that overqualified people are sensitive to justice, they may react more or less strongly to being overqualified. We tested our predictions using time‐lagged data from a sample of 224 workers and their supervisors employed in a large manufacturing company in China. Consistent with our theoretical framework, we found that organization‐based self‐esteem (OBSE) and anger toward employment situation mediated the positive relationships between perceived overqualification and both self‐rated and supervisor‐rated CWBs. In addition, justice sensitivity moderated the relationship between perceived overqualification and the mediators (i.e., OBSE and anger) and the indirect relationship between perceived overqualification and CWB. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings as well as future research directions are discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Distribution and habitat characteristics of fishes in the Pearl River Estuary北大核心CSCD

To explore the current situation and distribution of fish in the eight major estuaries of the Pearl River Estuary in China, acoustic detection and water quality monitoring were conducted in 2018. The results showed that almost living in eight major estuaries were juvenile, the proportion of strong echo was higher in winter, and Jiaomen and Modaomen Estuary were relatively rich in adult fish. In winter, the Humen, Jiaomen, and Yamen Estuary had a high density relatively, for 46.05 (± 50.30), 33.12 (± 93), and 32 (± 78) ind/103 m3, respectively. However, the fish densities of the Hengmen, Modaomen, and Hutiaomen estuaries were higher in summer at 55.72 (± 83.23), 37.52 (± 55) and 36 (± 99) ind/103 m3, respectively. Thus, fish are mainly concentrated in the flood tidal estuary in winter and in the ebb tidal estuary in summer. In addition, fish density was higher in flood tide than in ebb tide, and the strong echo proportion was lower. In winter, the key water quality factors affecting the biodiversity of estuary fish Shannon were chlorophyll a (P < 0.05), while what affected the fish density were turbidity and salinity (P < 0.05). This study showed that the Pearl River estuary was still the main habitat for juvenile fish. However, habitat variability is obvious; hence, it is important to flexibly carry out the delimitation of estuarine fish reserves and ecological restoration. © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.     

Easier removal of nonylphenol and naphthalene pollutants in wet weather revealed by Markov chains modeling

Environmental Chemistry Letters - The distribution and fate of organic pollutants determines pollution control strategies and definition of environmental standards. So far, few models predict...     

混凝-微滤膜组合净水工艺中膜过滤特性及其影响因素

采用混凝-微滤膜组合工艺处理微污染原水,间歇抽吸的运行方式连续运行,考察了膜组件的抽吸时间,抽/停时间比和曝气量对膜过滤性能的影响.采用膜通透性J/p作为膜过滤性能的评价指标.结果表明,在各操作条件下,膜通透性J/p由于膜污染的发生均先快速降低,随后随时间缓慢下降.但J/p的初期下降速度和缓慢下降阶段的相对稳定值因操作条件的不同而不同.抽吸时间对膜通透性影响较大,其次为抽/停时间比.在一定的条件下,抽吸时间缩短1/2,产水率可提高2倍;抽/停时间比缩短,产水率可提高50%.当抽吸时间和抽/停时间比分别为15min和3.8时,J/p值较高.曝气量在一定范围内的增加有利于提高膜通透性.本试验中,曝气量由2m³/h增加至4m³/h时,膜通透性可提高约15%,但当曝气量增加到6m3/h时,膜通透性并无显著改善.膜面污染物分析表明,在本研究使用的原水条件下,Si和Ca是主要的无机污染元素.     

4种唑类杀菌剂对蛋白核小球藻的急性毒性及其致毒机理

唑类杀菌剂因其广谱性和稳定性会残留在水环境中,从而危害人类及其他生物的健康.目前对唑类杀菌剂的毒性研究大多集中在急性毒性,对其致毒机理知之甚少.本研究将三唑醇、三唑酮、克霉唑和氯咪巴唑4种常见的唑类杀菌剂作为目标污染物,以蛋白核小球藻作为指示生物,研究4种唑类杀菌剂暴露96 h后对蛋白核小球藻生长和生理变化的抑制作用.结果表明,4种目标污染物浓度越高对蛋白核小球藻的生长抑制程度越强,在50％效应下,96 h时毒性大小为:氯咪巴唑>克霉唑>三唑醇>三唑酮.其毒性机制可能与活性氧(ROS)的持续积累有关,随着污染物浓度升高,ROS含量不断增加,其中刺激作用最明显的是克霉唑,ROS的增加促进丙二醛(MDA)的大量产生,从而使绿藻产生氧化损伤,激发了不同水平的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性;同时,它们对叶绿素和蛋白质的合成也存在明显的抑制,破坏了绿藻的光合机制,最终造成藻细胞凋亡.研究结果为评估唑类杀菌剂对水生生物的毒性提供重要的理论支持.     

磺胺类抗生素对斜生栅藻的协同和拮抗作用研究

环境中抗生素复合污染产生的毒性效应具有潜在风险。为系统考察磺胺类抗生素(SAs)混合物的联合毒性效应,以环境中常见的磺胺吡啶(SPY)、磺胺甲基嘧啶(SMR)、磺胺二甲嘧啶(SM2)、磺胺甲氧哒嗪(SMP)、磺胺甲恶唑(SMZ)和磺胺喹噁啉(SQ) 6种SAs及其二元混合物体系(共75条混合物射线)为研究对象,利用96孔微板测定6种SAs及其二元混合物对斜生栅藻(So)的生长抑制毒性,通过浓度加和(CA)、独立作用(IA)模型和模型偏移率(MDR)分析混合物的联合毒性及毒性相互作用。结果表明,6种SAs及其混合物射线对So在96 h呈现明显的毒性,但不同SAs的毒性大小不同,以半数效应浓度的负对数(pEC₅₀)为毒性大小指标,6种SAs的毒性大小顺序为：SQ(pEC₅₀=5.311)>SPY(pEC₅₀=3.757)≈SMZ(pEC₅₀=3.749)>SMP(pEC₅₀=3.680)>SM2(pEC₅₀=3.090)>SMR(pEC...     

单甲脒水中溶解度及正辛醇／水分配系数的测定

有毒有机化合物在水中的溶解度(WS)及正辛醇/水分配系数(K_(ow)),是描述其在环境中行为的两个重要物理化学参数。本文用溶解度平衡曲线法和振荡法,测得单甲脒在水中的溶解度为21.8±1.3mg/1(25℃),其在正辛醇/水中的分配系数lgK_(ow)为2.92±0.06。     

土壤中结合态苯氧羧酸类除草剂的测定

利用超临界ＣＯ２流体萃取的方法提取２甲４氯(ＭＣＰＡ),２,４－Ｄ和除草醚在三种土壤中的结合残留．结果表明,在培养２００ｄ的时间内,ＭＣＰＡ的结合残留量为１．０ｌ－５．１２ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１,占添加总量的２．０－１０．１%;２,４－Ｄ的结合残留量为０．２４－２．６５ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１,占添加总量的０．５－５．３%;除草醚的结合残留量为６．５３－１９．３０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１,占添加总邑的１２．９—３８．２%．农药结合态与游离态含量的比值随时间的延长而增加．