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51.
Eliana S. Da Silva Vanessa Prevot Claude Forano Pascal Wong-Wah-Chung Hugh D. Burrows Mohamed Sarakha 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(19):11218-11227
Decatungstate W10O32 4? was efficiently intercalated between the layers of three-dimensionally ordered macroporous Mg2Al-layered double hydroxide. The structural and textural properties of as-prepared intercalated compound were characterized using different solid-state characterization techniques such as X-ray powder diffraction, FTIR and Raman spectroscopies and electronic microscopy. The photocatalytic properties of immobilized W10O32 4? within Mg2Al structure were investigated using 2-(1-naphthyl) acetamide (NAD) as a model of pesticide. The influence of different parameters such as amount of catalyst, pH and oxygen concentration were investigated. An optimal NAD degradation was obtained for a photocatalyst concentration of 60 mg l?1. Under our experimental conditions, this heterogeneous photocatalyst induces photodegradation of 60 % of NAD after 17 h of irradiation at 365 nm and at pH 6.6. Interestingly, pesticide photodegradation leads to the mineralization of substrates to H2O and CO2 and the photocatalyst can be recycled and reused without any loss of activity over four cycles. 相似文献
52.
Amira Zaouak Fatma Matoussi Mohamed Dachraoui 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(10):878-884
The electrochemical oxidation of bifenox acid was studied at a boron-doped diamond thin film by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic electrolysis. The course of the electrolysis was monitored by measurement of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC / MS) analysis. It was found that exhaustive electrolysis leads to degradation and, ultimately, to mineralization of the starting herbicide. The degradation intermediates were identified showing that the oxidation process begins with the fragmentation of the molecule followed by reactions involving the hydroxyl radical, which is generated by the discharge of water. The study of the effect of current density and concentration showed that the degradation efficiency increases with decreasing current densities and increasing concentrations. The whole results were interpreted in a mechanistic scheme involving two oxidation pathways, the first is a direct oxidation at the electrode and the second uses hydroxyl radical as mediator of the oxidation. Finally, a kinetic study based on spectrophotometric measurements showed that the degradation process is pseudo first order. 相似文献
53.
Numerical modeling on air quality in an urban environment with changes of the aspect ratio and wind direction 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Mohamed F. Yassin 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(6):3975-3988
Due to heavy traffic emissions within an urban environment, air quality during the last decade becomes worse year by year and hazard to public health. In the present work, numerical modeling of flow and dispersion of gaseous emissions from vehicle exhaust in a street canyon were investigated under changes of the aspect ratio and wind direction. The three-dimensional flow and dispersion of gaseous pollutants were modeled using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model which was numerically solved using Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations. The diffusion flow field in the atmospheric boundary layer within the street canyon was studied for different aspect ratios (W/H?=?1/2, 3/4, and 1) and wind directions (θ?=?90°, 112.5°, 135°, and 157.5°). The numerical models were validated against wind tunnel results to optimize the turbulence model. The numerical results agreed well with the wind tunnel results. The simulation demonstrated that the minimum concentration at the human respiration height within the street canyon was on the windward side for aspect ratios W/H?=?1/2 and 1 and wind directions θ?=?112.5°, 135°, and 157.5°. The pollutant concentration level decreases as the wind direction and aspect ratio increase. The wind velocity and turbulence intensity increase as the aspect ratio and wind direction increase. 相似文献
54.
Jamel Jebali Marwa Sabbagh Mohamed Banni Naouel Kamel Sana Ben-Khedher Naceur M’hamdi Hamadi Boussetta 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(6):3812-3821
This field study investigates the morphological indices (condition index, hepatosomatic index) and biochemical (catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), metallothionein (MT), lipid peroxidation) parameters in liver, gills and kidney of common sole (Solea solea) originating from different sites of the Tunisian coast area impacted by different anthropogenic activities. Differences among sites and tissues for AChE, GST, CAT, MT and TBARS were found and possibly related to known sources of domestic and industrial discharges in the studied sites. Liver, gills and kidney CAT, liver and kidney MT and brain AChE were key biomarkers to discriminate fish of different sites. So, we suggest using these biomarkers in future biomonitoring. 相似文献
55.
Schomberg HH Gaskin JW Harris K Das KC Novak JM Busscher WJ Watts DW Woodroof RH Lima IM Ahmedna M Rehrah D Xing B 《Journal of environmental quality》2012,41(4):1087-1095
Interest in the use of biochar from pyrolysis of biomass to sequester C and improve soil productivity has increased; however, variability in physical and chemical characteristics raises concerns about effects on soil processes. Of particular concern is the effect of biochar on soil N dynamics. The effect of biochar on N dynamics was evaluated in a Norfolk loamy sand with and without NHNO. High-temperature (HT) (≥500°C) and low-temperature (LT) (≤400°C) biochars from peanut hull ( L.), pecan shell ( Wangenh. K. Koch), poultry litter (), and switchgrass ( L.) and a fast pyrolysis hardwood biochar (450-600°C) were evaluated. Changes in inorganic, mineralizable, resistant, and recalcitrant N fractions were determined after a 127-d incubation that included four leaching events. After 127 d, little evidence of increased inorganic N retention was found for any biochar treatments. The mineralizable N fraction did not increase, indicating that biochar addition did not stimulate microbial biomass. Decreases in the resistant N fraction were associated with the high pH and high ash biochars. Unidentified losses of N were observed with HT pecan shell, HT peanut hull, and HT and LT poultry litter biochars that had high pH and ash contents. Volatilization of N as NH in the presence of these biochars was confirmed in a separate short-term laboratory experiment. The observed responses to different biochars illustrate the need to characterize biochar quality and match it to soil type and land use. 相似文献
56.
The potential of epiphytic hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria on legume leaves for attenuation of atmospheric hydrocarbon pollutants 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The leaves of two legumes, peas and beans, harbored on their surfaces up to 9×10? cells g?1 of oil-utilizing bacteria. Less numbers, up to 5×10? cells g?1 inhabited leaves of two nonlegume crops, namely tomato and sunflower. Older leaves accommodated more of such bacteria than younger ones. Plants raised in oily environments were colonized by much more oil-utilizing bacteria than those raised in pristine (oil-free) environments. Similar numbers were counted on the same media in which nitrogen salt was deleted, indicating that most phyllospheric bacteria were probably diazotrophic. Most dominant were Microbacterium spp. followed by Rhodococcus spp., Citrobacter freundii, in addition to several other minor species. The pure bacterial isolates could utilize leaf tissue hydrocarbons, and consume considerable proportions of crude oil, phenanthrene (an aromatic hydrocarbon) and n-octadecane (an alkane) in batch cultures. Bacterial consortia on fresh (but not on previously autoclaved) leaves of peas and beans could also consume substantial proportions of the surrounding volatile oil hydrocarbons in closed microcosms. It was concluded that phytoremediation through phyllosphere technology could be useful in remediating atmospheric hydrocarbon pollutants. 相似文献
57.
Leaching behaviour of hazardous demolition waste 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Demolition wastes are generally disposed of in unlined landfills for inert waste. However, demolition wastes are not just inert wastes. Indeed, a small fraction of demolition waste contains components that are hazardous to human health and the environment, e.g., lead-based paint, mercury-contained in fluorescent lamps, treated wood, and asbestos. The objective of this study is to evaluate the release potential of pollutants contained in these hazardous components when they are mixed with inert wastes in unlined landfills. After identification of the different building products which can contain hazardous elements and which can be potentially pollutant in landfill scenario, we performed leaching tests using three different lysimeters: one lysimeter containing only inert wastes and two lysimeters containing inert wastes mixed with hazardous demolition wastes. The leachates from these lysimeters were analysed (heavy metals, chlorides, sulphates fluoride, DOC (Dissolved Organic Carbon), phenol index, and PAH). Finally, we compared concentrations and cumulative releases of elements in leachates with the limits values of European regulation for the acceptance of inert wastes at landfill. Results indicate that limit values are exceeded for some elements. We also performed a percolation column test with only demolition hazardous wastes to evaluate the specific contribution of these wastes in the observed releases. 相似文献
58.
Waste settlement in bioreactor landfill models 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Elagroudy SA Abdel-Razik MH Warith MA Ghobrial FH 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2008,28(11):2366-2374
Prediction of landfill settlement is one of the important parameters that affects the design and maintenance of bioreactor landfills. Due to the large number of variables involved in the settlement mechanism, accurate prediction of landfill settlement is a real challenge. The operational protocol of a landfill, the presence of municipal sludge from treatment plants, the addition of soybean peroxidase (SBP) enzymes, and the fraction of organic matter in the municipal solid waste (MSW) have to be reflected in the parameters of any model used to predict the settlement of MSW. In this work, a biodegradation-induced settlement model incorporating two parameters (A and B) was developed. The settlement data of two researchers were used to estimate the parameter values with two different approaches; the first considered the overall experiment and results, and the second separated the aerobic phase, if present, from the anaerobic phase. The rate of initial settlement occurring under aerobic conditions has been greater than that under anaerobic conditions. Parameters increased with the increase in the concentration of enzymes and with the presence of sludge in both aerobic and anaerobic stages. Increasing organic content of MSW has resulted in the enhancement of the biodegradation rate and settlement. This has been reflected on the higher values of the parameters compared to their values in the absence of organic waste. 相似文献
59.
Salem Fathallah Mohamed Néjib Medhioub Amel Medhioub Mohamed Mejdeddine Kraiem 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,171(1-4):661-669
The toxicity of mercury, zinc and copper on sperm viability, fertilisation and embryogenesis of Ruditapes decussatus was examined. Cu did not affect sperm viability at all the concentrations tested. Conversely, the Zn and Hg significantly (P?<?0.01) reduced sperm viability only at the highest concentration (respectively 512 and 256 μg/l). Cu caused a significant decrease (p?<?0.05) of less than 6% in the fertilisation rate at 128 μg/l and Zn of up to 13% at 64 μg/l. Hg significantly (p?<?0.01) inhibited fertilisation at concentrations as low as 32 μg/l. The median effective concentrations (EC50) reducing rates of embryogenesis by 50% were 21.1 μg Hg/l (0.1 μM), 46.3 μg Cu/l (0.72 μM) and 43.4 μg Zn/l. Therefore, Hg is up to seven times more toxic than Cu (on a molar basis). Ecotoxicity of mercury on larvae survival was also assessed in this work. Result showed a significant (p?<?0.05) reduction of survival after exposure to 4 and 12 μg/l of Hg. The fertilisation rate and embryogenesis were the most sensitive endpoints, although the latter is more advisable for routine assessment of seawater quality because of its greater sensibility. 相似文献
60.
Mirko S. Winkler Mark J. Divall Mohamed L. Magassouba 《Environmental Impact Assessment Review》2012,33(1):15-22
The quantitative assessment of health impacts has been identified as a crucial feature for realising the full potential of health impact assessment (HIA). In settings where demographic and health data are notoriously scarce, but there is a broad range of ascertainable ecological, environmental, epidemiological and socioeconomic information, a diverse toolkit of data collection strategies becomes relevant for the mainly small-area impacts of interest. We present a modular, cross-sectional baseline health survey study design, which has been developed for HIA of industrial development projects in the humid tropics. The modular nature of our toolkit allows our methodology to be readily adapted to the prevailing eco-epidemiological characteristics of a given project setting. Central to our design is a broad set of key performance indicators, covering a multiplicity of health outcomes and determinants at different levels and scales. We present experience and key findings from our modular baseline health survey methodology employed in 14 selected sentinel sites within an iron ore mining project in the Republic of Guinea. We argue that our methodology is a generic example of rapid evidence assembly in difficult-to-reach localities, where improvement of the predictive validity of the assessment and establishment of a benchmark for longitudinal monitoring of project impacts and mitigation efforts is needed. 相似文献