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261.
Vahid Mohasseli Amir Hossein Khoshgoftarmanesh Hossein Shariatmadari 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(22):17985-17992
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is considered as a main air pollutant in industrialized areas that can damage vegetation. In the present study, we investigated how exposure to SO2 and foliar application of iron (Fe) would affect certain physiological characteristics of Plantago major. The plant seedlings exposed or unexposed to SO2 (3900 μg m?3) were non-supplemented or supplemented with Fe (3 g L?1) as foliar spray. Plants were exposed to SO2 for 6 weeks in 100 × 70 × 70 cm chambers. Fumigation of plants with SO2 was performed for 3 h daily for 3 days per week (alternate day). Lower leaf Fe concentration in the plants exposed to SO2 at no added Fe treatment was accompanied with incidence of chlorosis symptoms and reduced chlorophyll concentration. No visible chlorotic symptoms were observed on the SO2-exposed plants supplied with Fe that accumulated higher Fe in their leaves. Both at with and without added Fe treatments, catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activity was higher in the plants fumigated with SO2 in comparison with those non-fumigated with SO2. Foliar application of Fe was also effective in increasing activity of antioxidant enzymes CAT and POD. Exposure to SO2 led to reduced cellulose but enhanced lignin content of plant leaf cell wall. The results obtained showed that foliar application of Fe was effective in reducing the effects of exposure to SO2 on cell wall composition. In contrast to SO2, application of Fe increased cellulose while decreased lignin content of the leaf cell wall. This might be due to reduced oxidative stress induced by SO2 in plants supplied with Fe compared with those unsupplied with Fe. 相似文献
262.
263.
Zhaleh Hedayat Bert Belmans M. Hossein Ayatollahi Ine Wouters Filip Descamps 《International Journal of Green Energy》2017,14(7):650-655
When designing energy efficient buildings it is useful to study existing climate—responsive building typologies. The wind towers or wind-catchers of Yazd city in Iran are typical examples of such a typology. Although many previous studies have investigated the performance of various types of wind catcher systems, studies based on a long-term real-life measurement can be rarely found. In this study a long-term whole year monitoring campaign on an existing full scale four sided wind catcher in Yazd was carried out in 2014–2015. Three prevailing wind directions were identified and the measured on-site wind speeds were used to estimate the wind induced natural ventilation potential of the tower. A shaft/tower airflow performance index was developed. The monitoring results were compared to the ASHRAE Standard 62:2001 ventilation rate requirement. Results show that the total ventilation rate of the wind tower surpasses the ASHRAE Standard requirements. Furthermore it shows that the shafts are exposed to the prevailing wind directions perform better. For more effective natural ventilation a wind tower with adaptable openings/shafts are proposed. 相似文献
264.
Jawad Ahmad Khan Fahad Pervaiz Nazar Mohammad Ranjha Muhammad Naeem Nayab Khalid Zeeshan Javaid 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2017,25(3):556-568
In the present work covalently crosslinked smart polymeric system of hydrogel based on poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) and methacrylic acid (MA) was designed by free radical polymerization with different compositions using glyoxal (40 % water solution) as crosslinker. It was observed that swelling of hydrogel had a pronounced enhancing effect on increasing the concentration of MA due to availability of more ionized carboxylic groups of MA but produced an opposite effect on increasing the concentration of glyoxal owing to less porous structure. As far as PVA is concerned, swelling did not show significant effect on increasing the concentration of PVA. Hydrophilic polymer PVA rich in hydroxyl group pertained to be highly interactive with water. It was examined that the release of metoprolol tartrate decreased with increased concentration of glyoxal, but increased with increase in concentration of MA. PVA/MA hydrogel was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction to study the structure and crystallinity of hydrogel respectively. Morphology was studied through scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis were also performed to characterize thermal stability. It may be concluded that the mechanism of drug release was mainly non-Fickian diffusion. 相似文献
265.
Siewhui Chong Guan-Ting Pan Mohammad Khalid Thomas C.-K. Yang Shuo-Ting Hung Chao-Ming Huang 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2017,25(2):136-145
3D printing has received lots of attention due to its limitless potential and advantages in comparison to traditional manufacturing processes. This study focuses on the most popular type of home 3D printers, namely fused filament fabrication (FFF) printers, which use plastic filaments as the feedstock. The rather high material cost and large amount of plastic waste generated by FFF 3D printers have driven the need for plastic filaments produced from recycled plastic waste. This study evaluates, in terms of physical characterization, the feasibility of using recycled high-density polyethylene (HDPE), one of the most commonly used plastics, as the feedstock for 3D printers, in comparison with the common acrylonitrile butadiene styrene plastic pellets. In-house extrusion using recycled HDPE pellets and flakes is possible. The diameter consistency and extrusion rate results, along with other physical characterization results, including differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and water absorption, suggest that making filaments from recycled HDPE pellets is a viable option, as the obtained filament has favorable water rejection and comparable extrusion rate and thermal stability. Existing methods for overcoming the warping and adhesion problems in 3D printing with HDPE were also reviewed. In order to increase the market competitiveness of waste-derived filaments, optimization of the extrusion process, studies on the mechanical and aging properties, and development of a standard characterization methodology and database are crucial. 相似文献
266.
Marie Mequannt Yirga Fikadu Haile Mebrahtu Ehteshammajd Shaghayegh Azadi Hossein Scheffran Jürgen 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2021,23(9):12904-12924
Environment, Development and Sustainability - Smallholder farmers are the most vulnerable community to climate change in Ethiopia since they rely heavily on the subsistence rain-fed farming system.... 相似文献
267.
Jahangir Mohammad Hossein Mousavi Seyed Ali Asayesh Zarchi Ruhollah 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2021,23(10):14494-14527
Environment, Development and Sustainability - The tourism sectors consume a high amount of electrical power, which in most cases is supplied by the electrical grid and diesel generator. As a... 相似文献
268.
Mousazadeh Milad Paital Biswaranjan Naghdali Zohreh Mortezania Zohreh Hashemi Marjan Karamati Niaragh Elnaz Aghababaei Mohammad Ghorbankhani Melika Lichtfouse Eric Sillanpää Mika Hashim Khalid S. Emamjomeh Mohammad Mahdi 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2021,23(9):12738-12760
Environment, Development and Sustainability - The outbreak of COVID-19 has made a global catastrophic situation that caused 1,039,406 deaths out of 35,347,404 infections, and it will also cause... 相似文献
269.
Safaynikoo Peymaneh Dehghani Mohammad Hossein 《Environmental Economics and Policy Studies》2021,23(2):441-466
Environmental Economics and Policy Studies - Economists have long argued over the political economy of tradable emission permits, especially the political pressure of lobby groups on international... 相似文献
270.
Salman Mohammad Chauhan Ranchan Singh Tej Prabakaran Rajendran Kim Sung Chul 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(13):36259-36275
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The effect of the flow and geometric parameters of a dimple-roughened absorber plate on the enactment of solar air collectors (SACs) with air-impinged... 相似文献