Worldwide chronic arsenic (As) toxicity has become a human health threat. Arsenic exposure to humans mainly occurs from the
ingestion of As contaminated water and food. This communication presents a review of current research conducted on the adverse
health effects on humans exposed to As-contaminated water. Chronic exposure of As via drinking water causes various types
of skin lesions such as melanosis, leucomelanosis, and keratosis. Other manifestations include neurological effects, obstetric
problems, high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, diseases of the respiratory system and of blood vessels including cardiovascular,
and cancers typically involving the skin, lung, and bladder. The skin seems to be quite susceptible to the effects of As.
Arsenic-induced skin lesions seem to be the most common and initial symptoms of arsenicosis. More systematic studies are needed
to determine the link between As exposure and its related cancer and noncancer end points. 相似文献
The adverse impact of groundwater contaminated with arsenic (As) on humans has been reported worldwide, particularly in Asian
countries. In this study, we present an overview of the As crisis in the Southeast Asian region where groundwater is contaminated
with naturally occurring As and where contamination has become more widespread in recent years. In this region more than 100 million
people are estimated to be at risk from groundwater As contamination, and some 700,000 people are known so far to have been
affected by As-related diseases. Despite investments exceeding many millions of dollars, there are still substantial knowledge
gaps about the prevalence and impact of As, notably in its epidemiology, temporal variations, social factors, patient identification,
treatment, etc. Arsenic-affected people in the affected regions also face serious social problems. Of major concern is the
fact that many researchers from different countries have been conducting research in SE Asia region but with a lack of coordination,
thus duplicating their work. There is an urgent need to coordinate these various studies to ensure better delivery of research
outcomes. Further research is needed to improve field testing and monitoring of drinking water sources, and to develop new
treatments for chronic As toxicity and new sources of safe drinking water. 相似文献
The free radicals produced by cigarette smoking are responsible for tissue damage, heart and lung diseases, and carcinogenesis. The effect of tobacco on the central nervous system (CNS) has received increased attention nowadays in research. Therefore, to explore the molecular interaction of cigarette smoke carcinogens (CSC) 4-(methylnitrosamine)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), 4-(methylnitrosamine)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), and N′-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) with well-known targets of CNS-related disorders, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) enzymes, a cascade of the computational study was conducted including molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations (MDS). The investigated results of NNAL+AChEcomplex, NNK+AChEcomplex, and NNK+BuChEcomplex based on intermolecular energies (?G) were found to ?8.57 kcal/mol, ?8.21 kcal/mol, and ?8.08 kcal/mol, respectively. MDS deviation and fluctuation plots of the NNAL and NNK interaction with AChE and BuChE have shown significant results. Further, Molecular Mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area (MM‐PBSA) results shown the best total binding energy (Binding?G) ?87.381 (+/?13.119) kJ/mol during NNK interaction with AChE. Our study suggests that CSC is well capable of altering the normal biomolecular mechanism of CNS; thus, obtained data could be useful to design extensive wet laboratory experimentation to know the effects of CSC on human CNS.
