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161.
Mohd Rafee B. Baharuddin Ismail B. Sahid Mohamad Azhar B. Mohd. Noor Norela Sulaiman Fadzil Othman 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(7):600-607
A cross-section analytical study was conducted to evaluate the risk of pesticide exposure to those applying the Class II pesticides 2,4-D and paraquat in the paddy-growing areas of Kerian, Perak, Malaysia. It investigated the influence of weather on exposure as well as documented health problems commonly related to pesticide exposure. Potential inhalation and dermal exposure for 140 paddy farmers (handlers of pesticides) were assessed. Results showed that while temperature and humidity affected exposure, windspeed had the strongest impact on pesticide exposure via inhalation. However, the degree of exposure to both herbicides via inhalation was below the permissible exposure limits set by United States National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Dermal Exposure Assessment Method (DREAM) readings showed that dermal exposure with manual spraying ranged from moderate to high. With motorized sprayers, however, the level of dermal exposure ranged from low to moderate. Dermal exposure was significantly negatively correlated with the usage of protective clothing. Various types of deleterious health effects were detected among users of manual knapsack sprayers. Long-term spraying activities were positively correlated with increasing levels of the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) liver enzyme. The type of spraying equipment, usage of proper protective clothing and adherence to correct spraying practices were found to be the most important factors influencing the degree of pesticide exposure among those applying pesticides. 相似文献
162.
Rajasthan state in India is credited to cater more than 90% of total production of asbestos in this country, of which around 60% is processed there in unorganized sectors including milling and manufacturing of asbestos-based products. Unorganized asbestos units particularly mills showed unhealthy occupational conditions, therefore industrial hygiene study was carried out focusing on the prevalence of asbestos fibres in air at work zone area of asbestos milling units. Fibre levels were in the range of 2.00-5.09f/cm(3) and 4.07-15.60f/cm(3) in unorganized asbestos mills of Rajasthan located at Beawer and Deogarh districts, respectively. Like asbestos concentration, fibre type and length are also vital factors in the health risk assessment of industrial workers. Phase contrast and polarized light microscopic study of asbestos fibres showed their amphibole nature registering about 90% as tremolite and rest as anthophyllite. Fibre length measured micrometrically were sub-grouped in <10microm, 11-20microm, 21-30microm and >30microm. About 30-40% fibres belonged to sub-group <10microm. It is concluded that unorganized asbestos mills bear poor industrial unhygienic conditions reflected specifically from their manyfold higher fibre concentrations than the Indian and International standards. Poor industrial unhygienic conditions are attributable to obsolete milling technology, lack of pollution control devices and escape from regulatory control. 相似文献
163.
Jafon Ng Mum Zhong Mohd Talib Latif Noorlin Mohamad Nurul Bahiyah Abd Wahid Doreena Dominick Hafizan Juahir 《Environmental Forensics》2014,15(1):8-16
A study on source apportionment of indoor dust and particulate matter (PM10) composition was conducted in a university building by using chemometrics. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential sources of selected heavy metals and ionic species in PM10 and indoor dust. PM10 samples were collected using a low-volume sampler (LVS) and indoor dust was collected using a soft brush. Inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to determine the concentration of heavy metals, while the concentration of cations and anions was determined by atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) and ion chromatography (IC), respectively. The concentration of PM10 recorded in the building throughout the sampling period ranged from 20 ± 10 μgm?3 to 80 ± 33 μgm?3. The composition of heavy metals in PM10 and indoor dust were dominated by zinc (Zn), followed by lead (Pb), copper (Cu), and cadmium (Cd). Principle component analysis (PCA) and multiple linear regression (MLR) showed that the main sources of pollutants in PM10 came from indoor renovations (73.83%), vehicle emissions (16.38%), earth crust sources (9.68%), and other outdoor sources (0.11%). For indoor dust, the pollutant source was mainly earth crust. This study suggests that chemometrics can be used for forensic investigation to determine the possible sources of indoor contaminants within a public building. 相似文献
164.
Irfan Mohd Mahapatra Bamadev Ojha Raj Kumar 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2021,23(8):11936-11952
Environment, Development and Sustainability - This paper examines the impact of energy efficiency (EE) and renewable energy (RE) on carbon emissions, using a panel data of South Asian countries... 相似文献
165.
In this study, cobalt supported oil palm shell activated carbon (Co/OPS-AC) and ZSM-5 zeolite (Co/ZSM-5) catalysts have been prepared for dry reforming of methane. Cobalt ratios of 6.0 and 14.0 wt% were deposited via wet impregnation method to the OPS-AC and ZSM-5 catalysts. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption--desorption isotherms, BET surface area, SEM, FESEM-EDX, TPR-H2, and TPD-NH3. The dry reforming of methane was performed using a micro reactor system under the condition of 10,000 ml/h.g-cat, 3 atm, CH4/CO2 ratio of 1.2:1.0 and temperature range from 923 K to 1023 K. The gaseous products were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) with thermal conductivity detector (TCD) and further quantified to determine the conversions of CH4 and CO2, and the yields of CO and H2. Experimental results revealed both catalysts exhibited lower conversions of CO2 and CH4 with the increase in temperature from 923 K to 1023 K. The reduced conversions may be due to the formation of carboneous substance on the catalyst known as coking. Comparatively, Co/OPS-AC gave higher conversions of CO2 and CH4 as well as higher yields of H2 and CO as it has a higher surface area than Co/ZSM-5 which subsequently rendered higher activity for the reforming of methane. With the increasing cobalt loadings and reaction temperature, OPS-AC(14) catalyst exhibited improved activity and H2/CO ratio. Based on these results, cobalt supported OPS activated carbon catalyst was suggested to be more effective for CO2 and CH4 conversions. 相似文献
166.
Jedediah F. Brodie Anthony J. Giordano Brett Dickson Mark Hebblewhite Henry Bernard Jayasilan Mohd‐Azlan Jesse Anderson Laurentius Ambu 《Conservation biology》2015,29(1):122-132
Habitat corridors are important tools for maintaining connectivity in increasingly fragmented landscapes, but generally they have been considered in single‐species approaches. Corridors intended to facilitate the movement of multiple species could increase persistence of entire communities, but at the likely cost of being less efficient for any given species than a corridor intended specifically for that species. There have been few tests of the trade‐offs between single‐ and multispecies corridor approaches. We assessed single‐species and multispecies habitat corridors for 5 threatened mammal species in tropical forests of Borneo. We generated maps of the cost of movement across the landscape for each species based on the species’ local abundance as estimated through hierarchical modeling of camera‐trap data with biophysical and anthropogenic covariates. Elevation influenced local abundance of banded civets (Hemigalus derbyanus) and sun bears (Helarctos malayanus). Increased road density was associated with lower local abundance of Sunda clouded leopards (Neofelis diardi) and higher local abundance of sambar deer (Rusa unicolor). Pig‐tailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina) local abundance was lower in recently logged areas. An all‐species‐combined connectivity scenario with least‐cost paths and 1 km buffers generated total movement costs that were 27% and 23% higher for banded civets and clouded leopards, respectively, than the connectivity scenarios for those species individually. A carnivore multispecies connectivity scenario, however, increased movement cost by 2% for banded civets and clouded leopards. Likewise, an herbivore multispecies scenario provided more effective connectivity than the all‐species‐combined scenario for sambar and macaques. We suggest that multispecies habitat connectivity plans be tailored to groups of ecologically similar, disturbance‐sensitive species to maximize their effectiveness. Evaluación de la Conectividad de Terrenos Multiespecie en una Comunidad Tropical de Mamíferos 相似文献
167.
168.
Yadav S Irfan M Ahmad A Hayat S 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2011,32(5):667-685
Salinity in agricultutal terms is the excess of salts above the level plant require. Most often it poses constrains in the growth hence productivity of the category of plants called glycophytes, wherein falls major crops, therefore is a serious concern. It is often recognized as excess of sodium ions (sodicity) that imparts life threatening consequences in plant due to mal-textured soil hindered porosity and aeration leads to physiological water deficit. Mingling with other edaphic/environmental factors viz. precipitation, temperature, flooding, soil profile, water table exaggerates the catastrophe synergistically. Improper irrigations system, leaching fraction added with land clearing and deforestation have been marked as the major cause. The present review underlines the different sources of salinity stress and their physiological manifestations, toxicity responses alongwith tolerance in plants and management strategies in affected landscapes. 相似文献
169.
Understanding of groundwater salinity using statistical modeling in a small tropical island,East Malaysia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sarva Mangala Praveena Mohd Harun Abdullah Kawi Bidin Ahmad Zaharin Aris 《The Environmentalist》2011,31(3):279-287
This paper presents an understanding of groundwater salinity by identification of effective factors using chemometric methods
(cluster analysis and multiple linear regressions) in Manukan Island, Sabah. Local groundwater and environmental properties
were used to explore the effective factors of groundwater salinity. Cluster analysis showed salinity and chloride illustrated
the highest similarities. Electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids were also grouped in the same cluster. Seawater
is the only chloride source in groundwater of Manukan Island demonstrated an indication of seawater mixing in freshwater.
It is an effect of upward movement of the seawater by pumping activities. Precipitation and evapotranspiration (environmental
condition) with hydraulic heads were clustered together to show that they also influence salinity concentration in groundwater.
Multiple linear regressions showed descending order of the factors from chloride (the largest contribution) to evapotranspiration
(the smallest contribution) and illustrated the contribution to groundwater salinity in Manukan Island. The integrated results
using chemometric methods have provided a way to identify the effective factors on groundwater salinity. This similar approach
and resulting equation can be applied in other small tropical islands with alike hydrogeological condition and limited information
available for a better understanding of its groundwater salinity. 相似文献
170.
Mohd Talib Latif Siti Zawiyah Azmi Ahmad Daud Mohamed Noor Aida Shafawati Ismail Zaharizam Johny Shaharudin Idrus Ahmad Fariz Mohamed Mazlin Bin Mokhtar 《The Environmentalist》2011,31(3):315-324
Studies of air quality were carried out in the towns of Kajang, Nilai and Banting in the Langat River Basin, southern region of Kuala Lumpur to determine the status and trend of air quality. The determination of air quality was based on several parameters such as suspended solids with diameters less than 10???m (PM10) and gaseous pollutants of sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), and carbon monoxide (CO). Primary concentration data of air pollutants were compiled through fieldwork studies and combined with secondary data obtained from the regular monitoring data as collected by Alam Sekitar Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. (ASMA) on behalf of Malaysian Department of Environment (DOE) at their stations in Kajang and Nilai. Results showed that the average concentrations of PM10, SO2, NO2, O3, and CO at all sampling stations were still below the permissible values recommended by the Malaysian DOE. The level of gaseous pollutants of NO2, O3, and CO was recorded at statistically higher levels (p?<?0.05) than values recorded at the control station at Pangsun Recreational Area. These pollutants were suspected to have originated mainly from exhaust systems of motor vehicles. Data for the years 1996 to 2006 as obtained from ASMA showed long-term air quality trends of increasing O3 and NO2 concentrations in Kajang whilst concentrations of PM10 recorded at both Kajang and Nilai stations were mostly expected coming from transboundary sources especially biomass burning and the development activities around the study areas. 相似文献