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71.
The amphipod Corophium multisetosum (Corophiidae) in Ria de Aveiro (NW Portugal). II. Abundance, biomass and production 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The abundance and biomass of Corophium multisetosum Stock, 1952 were determined from benthic corer samples collected monthly over 1 yr in the upper reaches of Canal de Mira
(Ria de Aveiro, Portugal). Both density and biomass over the sampling period were negatively correlated with water temperature
and positively correlated with chlorophyll a concentration in the sediment. C. multisetosum density was significantly negatively correlated with plant biomass and positively correlated with salinity. The nature of
the sediment, favourable environmental conditions, high availability of food and low interspecific competition allowed the
population to reach a maximal density of 200 × 103 individuals m−2 and a maximal biomass (ash-free dry wt, AFDW) of 62 gAFDW m−2. The population was highly productive, especially during the autumn/winter period. Production, estimated by two different
methods (Hynes method: 251 gAFDW m−2 yr−1; Morin–Bourassa method: 308 gDW m−2 yr−1), was much higher than the values reported for other Corophium species. The annual P:Bˉ ratio (10) was high, but similar to values reported for Swedish populations of C. volutator and lower than the values estimated from Mediterranean populations of C. insidiosum.
Received: 8 October 1999 / Accepted: 22 June 2000 相似文献
72.
The amphipod Corophium multisetosum (Corophiidae) in Ria de Aveiro (NW Portugal). I. Life history and aspects of reproductive biology 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
The population of Corophium multisetosum Stock, 1952 in Areão displayed a semiannual, iteroparous life history. Mean longevity was ~6?mo, with the estimated life span longer for overwintering individuals born in autumn than for individuals born in spring. Length-frequency data indicated that the length increment per moult is probably higher in males than females; however females moulted more frequently and achieved a larger body size. Preliminary growth rates were 100?μm?d?1 for juveniles and 19 to 29?μm?d?1 for mature females, with the lower values occurring during the winter. It was estimated that under favourable conditions females may attain reproductive size and mature within 1?mo. Although incubating females were present all year round, recruitment occurred in spring, almost ceased during the summer, peaked in autumn, and decreased again during the winter. Extreme temperatures and very low salinities during winter and summer may have deterred breeding, while moderate temperatures (15 to 20?°C) and salinities > 1?psu in spring and autumn were apparently favourable for reproduction. The unfavourable summer conditions constrained breeding and synchronised the timing of reproduction. In late-autumn and during the winter, as temperature decreased and brooding time increased, synchrony was progressively lost. Brood size varied as a function of embryonic developmental stage, size of incubating females, and season. The life-history pattern and reproductive features of C. multisetosum in Areão are closely related to temperature and salinity; other environmental conditions such as oxygen content of the water and food availability may also be relevant. 相似文献
73.
Rethinking Tropical Forest Conservation: Perils in Parks 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
Stephan Schwartzman Adriana Moreira † and Daniel Nepstad† 《Conservation biology》2000,14(5):1351-1357
Abstract: According to some conservationists, large, pristine, uninhabited parks are the defining criterion of success in conserving tropical forests. They argue that human residents in tropical forests inevitably deplete populations of large animals through hunting, which triggers a chain reaction of ecological events that greatly diminish the conservation value of these forests. Hence, they believe that removal of people from tropical forests is an essential step in the creation of successful parks and in the conservation of nature in the tropics. This approach can lead to undesirable consequences, however. Forest residents—and rural people generally—are potent political actors in tropical forest regions and an essential component of the environmental political constituencies that are necessary for the long-term conservation of tropical forests. In Amazonia and elsewhere, rural people are defending far bigger areas of tropical forest from unfettered deforestation and logging than are parks, thereby conserving the ecological services provided by these forests and the majority of their component plant and animal species. Moreover, the data are too sparse to judge the effects of forest peoples on populations of large forest animals. The establishment of pristine, tropical forest parks is an important conservation goal, but the exclusive pursuit of this goal undermines the broader objectives of conservation when it identifies forest residents and other rural people as the enemies of nature. 相似文献
74.
Elucidation of the behavior of tannery wastewater under advanced oxidation conditions 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Diverse advanced oxidation process (AOP) techniques applying UV, TiO2/UV, O3 and O3/UV were used to degrade pollutants contained in tannery wastewater. The total mineralization of these pollutants is desirable, but it is quite energy consuming and sometimes impossible. Therefore the objective was to achieve an enhancement of biodegradability, preferentially with a decrease in toxicity in parallel. This work demonstrates that the dominant pollutants were chemically degraded by oxidation, while changes in carbon content were only marginal. These results were obtained monitoring the total organic carbon content (TOC), chemical and biochemical oxygen demand (COD and BOD), and substance-specific pollutant content by application of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Daphnia magna toxicity testing performed in parallel proved a decrease in toxicity after AOP treatment of the tannery wastewater. 相似文献
75.
Paris Elaine Cristina Malafatti João Otávio Donizette Sciena Camila Rodrigues Junior Luiz Ferreira Neves Zenatti Alessandra Escote Márcia Tsuyama Moreira Ailton José Freschi Gian Paulo Giovanni 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(19):23731-23741
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Nanotechnology has been studied on environmental remediation processes to foster greater photocatalysts efficiency and reuse in wastewater. This study... 相似文献
76.
Rennio F. de Sena José L. Tambosi Silvia L. Floriani Elaine Virmond Horst Fr. Schröder Regina F.P.M. Moreira Humberto J. José 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2009,29(9):2574-2581
The biosolids (BS) generated in the wastewater treatment process of a meat processing plant were monitored and the priority pollutant content was characterized. The trace metal and organic pollutant content – polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDF) – were determined quantitatively and compared to guideline limits established by the US EPA and EU. PCBs were not detected in the solid samples, while trace metals, PAHs and PCDD/PCDF were detected in concentrations below the limits established by international standards. Toxic equivalent factors were evaluated for the biosolids, and the results proved that these wastes can be safely deposited on land or used in combustion/incineration plants. Since no previous data were found for meat processing waste, comparisons were made using municipal sewage sludge data reported in the literature. Since, this report monitored part of the priority pollutants established by the US EPA for meat and poultry processing wastewater and sludge, the results verified that low pollution loads are generated by the meat processing plant located in the southern part of Brazil. However, the BS generated in the treatment processes are in accordance with the limits established for waste disposal and even for soil fertilizer. 相似文献
77.
Issa Ibrahim Berchin Jéssica Garcia Mauri Luiz Heerdt Angélica de Quevedo Moreira Ana Clara Medeiros da Silveira José Baltazar Salgueirinho Osório de Andrade Guerra 《Natural resources forum》2015,39(3-4):224-237
The increase in energy demand due to economic and population growth necessitates the expansion of the Brazilian energy supply. Hydropower energy, a renewable energy source, arguably clean, presents an energy solution for many countries such as Brazil, with large hydric reservoirs, which help them reduce energy dependence on fossil and imported fuel sources. However, it must be emphasized that without careful planning, the creation of hydropower plants will cause severe social and environmental damage due to the large areas that need to be flooded for the implementation of these plants. The installation of hydropower plants floods vast forest areas, causing loss of biodiversity, displacement of native Brazilian people and riverside populations, and changes to the water acid levels and the natural course of rivers. To mitigate these effects, authorities must first conduct a study on installation possibilities and potential socio‐environmental consequences, to be interpreted and used by the agents involved. Aiming to analyze the social‐environmental impacts of the hydropower plants, this research seeks to investigate the capacity of mitigation of the negative effects of the implementation of the hydropower plants, specifically with regard to the Belo Monte plant, Brazil. 相似文献
78.
Vulnerability of Soil and Its Associated Organic Matter to Degradation in a Subtropical Region: A Study From São Paulo State,Brazil
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79.
Tiziano Tirabassi Alessandro Tiesi Daniela Buske Marco T. Vilhena Davidson M. Moreira 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(13):2221-2227
The moments of the concentration distribution obtained using a recent analytical solution of the steady-state two-dimensional advection–diffusion equation are presented. The solving methodology is the Generalized Integral Laplace Transform Technique, which allows obtaining a reliable solution of the advection–diffusion equation without any restrictive assumption about the eddy diffusivity coefficients and wind speed profiles. The first four moments and value and position of maximum ground level concentration are calculated. The concentration standard deviation is compared against the semi-empirical ones used in operative Gaussian models. 相似文献
80.
Ester Gutiérrez Sebastián Lozano M. Teresa Moreira Gumersindo Feijoo 《Journal of environmental management》2010,91(4):1002-1011
Nowadays, there is a trend in many countries towards more environmentally benign products and processes. Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a quantitative analysis tool developed and utilized for the evaluation of environmental impacts occurring throughout the entire life-cycle of a product, process or activity. LCA requires a large amount of data in its different phases and can also generate large amounts of results which may be hard to interpret. In order to uncover and visualize the structure of large multidimensional data sets, Multivariate Analysis techniques can help. Hence, in this paper, a methodology using Principal Component Analysis and Multi-Dimensional Scaling is proposed and illustrated by means of two case studies. The first case study evaluates the operation of several wastewater treatment plants. The second case study deals with the environmental evaluation of the cultivation, processing and consumption of mussels. In both case studies, the redundancy present in the data allowed a dimensionality reduction from seven and ten to two dimensions, with a small loss of information. Plotting the environmental impact data in these two dimensions can help visualize, interpret and communicate them. 相似文献