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221.
Henry Travers Lucy J. Archer Geoffrey Mwedde Dilys Roe Julia Baker Andrew J. Plumptre Aggrey Rwetsiba E.J. Milner-Gulland 《Conservation biology》2019,33(6):1296-1306
In conservation understanding the drivers of behavior and developing robust interventions to promote behavioral change is challenging and requires a multifaceted approach. This is particularly true for efforts to address illegal wildlife use, where pervasive—and sometimes simplistic—narratives often obscure complex realities. We used an indirect questioning approach, the unmatched count technique, to investigate the drivers and prevalence of wildlife crime in communities surrounding 2 national parks in Uganda and combined scenario interviews and a choice experiment to predict the performance of potential interventions designed to tackle these crimes. Although poverty is often assumed to be a key driver of wildlife crime, we found that better-off households and those subject to human–wildlife conflict and those that do not receive any benefits from the parks’ tourism revenue sharing were more likely to be involved in certain types of wildlife crime, especially illegal hunting. The interventions predicted to have the greatest impact on reducing local participation in wildlife crime were those that directly addressed the drivers including, mitigating damage caused by wildlife and generating financial benefits for park-adjacent households. Our triangulated approach provided insights into complex and hard-to-access behaviors and highlighted the importance of going beyond single-driver narratives. 相似文献
222.
Jedediah F. Brodie Anthony J. Giordano Brett Dickson Mark Hebblewhite Henry Bernard Jayasilan Mohd‐Azlan Jesse Anderson Laurentius Ambu 《Conservation biology》2015,29(1):122-132
Habitat corridors are important tools for maintaining connectivity in increasingly fragmented landscapes, but generally they have been considered in single‐species approaches. Corridors intended to facilitate the movement of multiple species could increase persistence of entire communities, but at the likely cost of being less efficient for any given species than a corridor intended specifically for that species. There have been few tests of the trade‐offs between single‐ and multispecies corridor approaches. We assessed single‐species and multispecies habitat corridors for 5 threatened mammal species in tropical forests of Borneo. We generated maps of the cost of movement across the landscape for each species based on the species’ local abundance as estimated through hierarchical modeling of camera‐trap data with biophysical and anthropogenic covariates. Elevation influenced local abundance of banded civets (Hemigalus derbyanus) and sun bears (Helarctos malayanus). Increased road density was associated with lower local abundance of Sunda clouded leopards (Neofelis diardi) and higher local abundance of sambar deer (Rusa unicolor). Pig‐tailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina) local abundance was lower in recently logged areas. An all‐species‐combined connectivity scenario with least‐cost paths and 1 km buffers generated total movement costs that were 27% and 23% higher for banded civets and clouded leopards, respectively, than the connectivity scenarios for those species individually. A carnivore multispecies connectivity scenario, however, increased movement cost by 2% for banded civets and clouded leopards. Likewise, an herbivore multispecies scenario provided more effective connectivity than the all‐species‐combined scenario for sambar and macaques. We suggest that multispecies habitat connectivity plans be tailored to groups of ecologically similar, disturbance‐sensitive species to maximize their effectiveness. Evaluación de la Conectividad de Terrenos Multiespecie en una Comunidad Tropical de Mamíferos 相似文献
223.
Chukwudi Nwaogu Henry D. Ogbuagu Selegha Abrakasa Vilém Pavlů 《Chemistry and Ecology》2017,33(7):589-606
The study aimed at evaluating the impacts of open municipal solid wastes dumps on soil and vegetation near the main roads linking major cities in Nigeria. We hypothesised that the metals from the wastes exerted substantial impacts at the dump sites which affect the soil and plants. Data were analysed from five dump sites and five control sites. The result revealed that the effects of the heavy metals (HM) were significant and higher at the dump sites where their concentrations were far above the EU, and Canadian environmental quality permissible limits for agricultural soils and vegetation. In contrast with dump sites, a significant relationship (R2?=?0.70; p?.001) was found between the number of plant species and area at control sites. Shrubs and herbs were more tolerance with higher contents of HM compared with grasses. Plants leaves showed more HM contents compared to the shoots or roots. The soil and plants contents of the HM were relatively in the order of Zn?>?Cr?>?Pb at both dump sites and control sites. Further study on the effects of more HM on soil and plant is recommended in the area. Recycling and bio-phytoremediation processes should also be introduced. 相似文献
224.
Derrien Morgane Lee Yun Kyung Park Jae-Eun Li Penghui Chen Meilian Lee Sang Hee Lee Soo Hyung Lee Jun-Bae Hur Jin 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(20):16933-16945
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Optical properties and molecular composition of humic substances (HS) can provide valuable information on the sources and the history of the... 相似文献
225.
Hoffmeyer F Weiss T Lehnert M Pesch B Berresheim H Henry J Raulf-Heimsoth M Broding HC Bünger J Harth V Brüning T 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2011,13(1):212-218
It was the aim of this study to evaluate the effect of different devices on the metal concentration in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and to prove whether working conditions in different welding companies result in diverse composition of metallic elements. The influence of two collection devices (ECoScreen, ECoScreen2) on detection of metallic elements in EBC was evaluated in 24 control subjects. Properties of ECoScreen and a frequent use can alter EBC metal content due to contamination from metallic components. ECoScreen2 turned out to be favourable for metal assessment. Concentrations of iron, nickel and chromium in EBC sampled with ECoScreen2 were compared between non-exposed controls and industrial welders. Metal concentrations in EBC were higher in 36 welders recruited from three companies. Exposure to welding fumes could be demonstrated predominantly for increased iron concentrations. Concentrations of iron and nickel differed by working conditions, but chromium could not be detected in EBC. 相似文献
226.
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a common complication in pregnancy and influences morbidity and mortality at all stages of life. Historically, the management of IUGR has been dependent on antenatal biophysical testing and umbilical artery Doppler studies. With recent Doppler studies of the fetal central circulation, including intracardiac flows and the ductus venosus, better timing of delivery to minimize morbidity may be possible. This review will provide the reader with tools to diagnose IUGR, more accurately date the IUGR pregnancy with poor dating criteria, and better assess the condition of the IUGR fetus. A brief review of animal models of IUGR is presented to demonstrate research directions for answering human clinical questions and potentially carrying therapeutic intervention from the bench to the bedside. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
227.
Joseph R. V. Flora Richard A. Hargis William J. O’Dowd Andrew Karash Henry W. Pennline 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(3):343-349
Abstract A mathematical model based on simple cake filtration theory was coupled to a reviously developed two-stage mathematical model for mercury (Hg) removal using powdered activated carbon injection upstream of a bag-house filter. Values of the average permeability of the filter cake and the filter resistance extracted from the model were 4.4× 10?13 m2 and 2.5 ×10?4 m?1, respectively. The flow is redistributed during partial cleaning of the filter, with flows higher across the newly cleaned filter section. The calculated average Hg removal efficiency from the baghouse is lower because of the high mass flux of Hg exiting the filter in the newly cleaned section. The model shows that calculated average Hg removal is affected by permeability, filter resistance, fraction of the baghouse cleaned, and cleaning interval. 相似文献
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230.
Marguerite Hureaux Sarah Guterman Bérénice Hervé Marianne Till Sylvie Jaillard Sylvie Redon Myléne Valduga Charles Coutton Chantal Missirian Fabienne Prieur Brigitte Simon-Bouy Claire Beneteau Paul Kuentz Caroline Rooryck Nicolas Gruchy Nathalie Marle Morgane Plutino Lucie Tosca Celine Dupont Jacques Puechberty Caroline Schluth-Bolard Laurent Salomon Damien Sanlaville Valérie Malan François Vialard 《黑龙江环境通报》2019,39(6):464-470