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21.
Brominated flame retardants and heavy metals in automobile shredder residue (ASR) and their behavior in the melting process 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
Morihiro Osada Nobuhiro Tanigaki Shin Takahashi Shin-ichi Sakai 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2008,10(2):93-101
The End-of-life Vehicles Recycling Act went into effect on January 1, 2005, in Japan and requires the proper treatment of
airbags, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), and automobile shredder residue (ASR). The need for optimal treatment and recycling of
ASR, in particular, has been increasing year after year because ASR is regarded as being difficult to treat. Dioxin-related
compounds, brominated flame retardants (BFRs), heavy metals, chlorine and organotin compounds are all present in high concentrations
in ASR. The authors conducted ASR melting treatment tests using a 10-tons/day-scale direct melting system (DMS), which employs
shaft-type gasification and melting technology. The results obtained showed that dioxin-related compounds and BFRs were decomposed
by this melting treatment. The high-temperature reducing atmosphere in the melting furnace moved volatile heavy metals such
as lead and zinc into the fly ash where they were distributed at a rate of more than 90% of the input amount. This treatment
was also found to be effective in the decomposition of organotin, with a rate of decomposition higher than 99.996% of the
input amount. Via the recovery of heavy metals concentrated in the fly ash, all the products discharged from this treatment
system were utilized effectively for the complete realization of an ASR recycling system that requires no final disposal sites. 相似文献
22.
Akira Iguchi Shinpei Takai Masahiro Ueno Tsuneo Maeda Takashi Minami Isao Hayashi 《Marine Biology》2007,151(1):31-39
The population structures of Buccinum tsubai and Neptunea constricta were compared using partial sequences of the mitochondrial COI gene. B. tsubai included four genetically distinguishable subpopulations (Hokkaido, Yamagata-Toyama, Yamato Bank, and San’in), which is consistent
with the results of our previous study using mitochondrial 16SrRNA sequences. The genetic structure of N. constricta was also clear, but the lineage sorting corresponding to the geographical distribution was not as clear as that of B. tsubai. The difference between the genetic structures of these two species might be due to a difference in either their dispersal
abilities or the historic distribution patterns in the Sea of Japan. The fossil record and nested clade analyses support the
latter alternative. The four subpopulations of B. tsubai are estimated to have diverged 0.42–1.46 million years ago, providing support for the existence of intermediate water of
normal salinity and oxygen concentration capable of sustaining B. tsubai between the low-salinity surface water and anoxic deep water during the Pleistocene glacial periods. The genetic diversity
of the Yamato Bank subpopulation of B. tsubai was lower than that of the other subpopulations, which is likely attributable to the small size of the Yamato Bank subpopulation. 相似文献
23.
Mariane de Fátima Yukie Maeda Maria de Lourdes Brizot Maria Augusta Bento Cicaroni Gibelli Silvia Maria Ibidi Werther Brunow de Carvalho Mara Sandra Hoshida Clarisse Martins Machado Ester Cerdeira Sabino Lea Campos de Oliveira da Silva Thomas Jaenisch Maria Cássia Jacintho Mendes-Correa Philippe Mayaud Rossana Pulcinelli Vieira Francisco HC-FMUSP-Obstetric COVID Study Group 《黑龙江环境通报》2021,41(8):998-1008
24.
25.
This study evaluates the effects of co-gasification of municipal solid waste with and without the municipal solid waste bottom ash using two large-scale commercial operation plants. From the viewpoint of operation data, there is no significant difference between municipal solid waste treatment with and without the bottom ash. The carbon conversion ratios are as high as 91.7% and 95.3%, respectively and this leads to significantly low PCDD/DFs yields via complete syngas combustion. The gross power generation efficiencies are 18.9% with the bottom ash and 23.0% without municipal solid waste bottom ash, respectively. The effects of the equivalence ratio are also evaluated. With the equivalence ratio increasing, carbon monoxide concentration is decreased, and carbon dioxide and the syngas temperature (top gas temperature) are increased. The carbon conversion ratio is also increased. These tendencies are seen in both modes.Co-gasification using the gasification and melting system (Direct Melting System) has a possibility to recover materials effectively. More than 90% of chlorine is distributed in fly ash. Low-boiling-point heavy metals, such as lead and zinc, are distributed in fly ash at rates of 95.2% and 92.0%, respectively. Most of high-boiling-point heavy metals, such as iron and copper, are distributed in metal. It is also clarified that slag is stable and contains few harmful heavy metals such as lead. Compared with the conventional waste management framework, 85% of the final landfill amount reduction is achieved by co-gasification of municipal solid waste with bottom ash and incombustible residues. These results indicate that the combined production of slag with co-gasification of municipal solid waste with the bottom ash constitutes an ideal approach to environmental conservation and resource recycling. 相似文献
26.
27.
Takeki Maeda Juzo Matsuda Hiroshi Nakashima Koichi Yoshida Joji Suzuki 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2000,2(2):143-149
Over a period of 21 months, we composted food refuse from a student restaurant in Hokkaido University using a commercially
available composting machine. The machine had two reactors, each with a working volume of 250 l. The refuse was mixed with
sawdust in a ratio of 5 l sawdust to 10 kg refuse, and this mixture was fed into the machine daily. We studied the characteristics
of the refuse, the composting mixture, and the finished compost in an effort to optimize the operating parameters. We also
evaluated the effectiveness of the composting process by determining the decomposition rates of the composting materials.
The optimum moisture content of the composting mixture was between 30% wet basis (wb) and 40% wb in this machine. The composting
machine worked well when the first reactor was filled with composting mixture and 0.5 kg lime was added once per week. The
mass of the materials supplied was reduced by 84% over the study period. The decomposition rate of the volatile matter in
all composting materials was 66%. The mass of the food refuse supplied was 14.8 kg/day on average, and the moisture content
of the refuse was 77% wb on average.
Received: October 4, 1999 / Accepted: April 4, 2000 相似文献
28.
Okunishi S Morita Y Higuchi T Maeda H Nishi K 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2012,62(7):748-757
A laboratory-scale biofiltration system, the rotatory-switching biofilter (RSB), was operated for 199 days using toluene as a model pollutant. The target gaseous pollutant for the biofiltration experiment was approximately 300 ppmv of toluene. Toluene removal efficiency (RE, %) was initially approximately 20% with a 247-ppmv concentration (0.9 g m(-3)) of toluene during the first 10 days. Although the RE decreased several times whenever nitrogen was consumed, it again reached almost 100% when the nitrogen source was in sufficient supply. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis was employed to assess the transformation ofmicroflora during operation of the biofilter The results based on a 16S rRNA gene profile showed that the microbial community structure changed with operation time. Although the microflora changed during the initial period (before day 40), transformation of the bacterial component was hardly observed after day 51. Statistical analyses of the DGGE profiles indicated that the bacterial community was almost unaffected by the environmental factors, such as adding ozone, high-level nitrogen supply, increase of loading toluene, and the shutdown of the RSB. The DGGE profile using tmoA-like genes, which encode proteins belonging to the hydroxylase component mono-oxygenases involved in the initial attack of aerobic benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene degradation, confirmed the existence of toluene-degrading bacteria. There were at least four kinds of toluene-degradable bacteria having tmoA-like genes up to day 36, which decreased to two species after day 40. Sequence analysis after DGGE profiling revealed that Burkholderia cepacia, Sphingobacterium multivorum, and Pseudomonas putida were present in the biofilter. Only Alicycliphilus denitrificans was present throughout the whole operation period. In the initial stage of operating the RSB, many types of bacteria may have tried to adapt to the conditions, and subsequently, only selected bacteria were able to grow and to degrade toluene. 相似文献
29.
Satoshi Akao Koutaro Maeda Yoshihiko Hosoi Hideaki Nagare Morihiro Maeda Taku Fujiwara 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(8):5373-5378
Overgrowth of aquatic plants, such as water chestnut, has been reported as a regional problem in various areas. We proposed cascade utilization of water chestnut through the recovery of phenolics, phosphorus, and sugars. Phenolics were extracted using 50 g (wet weight) of biomass with 300 mL of acetone, methanol, or hot water, and the yields of total phenolics were 80.2, 56.2, and 49.7 mg?g?1 dry weight of native biomass, respectively. The rate of eluted phosphorus in the phenolic extraction step was 8.6, 14.8, and 45.3 % of that in the native biomass, respectively, indicating that the use of polar organic solvents suppressed phosphorus elution at the phenolic extraction step. Extraction of phosphorus following the phenolic extraction was combined with alkaline pretreatment (1 % NaOH solution) of biomass for saccharification; 64.1 and 51.0 % of phosphorus in the native biomass were extracted using acetone and methanol for the phenolic extraction, respectively. Saccharification following the alkaline pretreatment showed that the glucose recovery rates were significantly increased (p?<?0.05) with the phenolic extraction step compared to alkaline pretreatment alone. This finding indicates that extraction of phenolics not only provides another useful material but also facilitates enzymatic saccharification. 相似文献
30.
Ubiquity of parasporin-1 producers in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bacillus thuringiensis</Emphasis> natural populations of Japan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Uemori A Maeda M Yasutake K Ohgushi A Kagoshima K Mizuki E Ohba M 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2007,94(1):34-38
Parasporin, a Bacillus thuringiensis parasporal protein, is unique in having a strong cytocidal activity preferential for human cancer cells. In this study, we
characterized parasporin activities associated with three novel geographical isolates of B.
thuringiensis. Parasporal inclusion proteins of the three isolates were highly toxic to human uterus cervix cancer cells (HeLa), but not
to non-cancer uterine smooth muscle cells (UtSMC). Inclusions of the isolates lacked insect toxicity and hemolytic activity
against sheep erythrocytes. Ouchterlony immunodiffusion tests revealed that the proteins of the three isolates are immunologically
closely related to parasporin-1 (Cry31A), but dissimilar to the three other existing parasporin groups. Our results provide
evidence that the parasporin-1-producing organism is a common member in B. thuringiensis populations occurring in natural environments of Japan. 相似文献