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41.
Thorsten Blenckner Henrik Österblom Per Larsson Agneta Andersson Ragnar Elmgren 《Ambio》2015,44(3):507-515
Ecosystem-based management (EBM) has emerged as the generally agreed strategy for managing ecosystems, with humans as integral parts of the managed system. Human activities have substantial effects on marine ecosystems, through overfishing, eutrophication, toxic pollution, habitat destruction, and climate change. It is important to advance the scientific knowledge of the cumulative, integrative, and interacting effects of these diverse activities, to support effective implementation of EBM. Based on contributions to this special issue of AMBIO, we synthesize the scientific findings into four components: pollution and legal frameworks, ecosystem processes, scale-dependent effects, and innovative tools and methods. We conclude with challenges for the future, and identify the next steps needed for successful implementation of EBM in general and specifically for the Baltic Sea. 相似文献
42.
Catherine Legrand Emil Fridolfsson Mireia Bertos-Fortis Elin Lindehoff Per Larsson Jarone Pinhassi Agneta Andersson 《Ambio》2015,44(3):427-438
The microbial part of the pelagic food web is seldom characterized in models despite its major contribution to biogeochemical cycles. In the Baltic Sea, spatial and temporal high frequency sampling over three years revealed changes in heterotrophic bacteria and phytoplankton coupling (biomass and production) related to hydrographic properties of the ecosystem. Phyto- and bacterioplankton were bottom-up driven in both coastal and offshore areas. Cold winter temperature was essential for phytoplankton to conform to the successional sequence in temperate waters. In terms of annual carbon production, the loss of the spring bloom (diatoms and dinoflagellates) after mild winters tended not to be compensated for by other taxa, not even summer cyanobacteria. These results improve our ability to project Baltic Sea ecosystem response to short- and long-term environmental changes. 相似文献
43.
Peipei Wang Lili Zhang Li Liu Ling Chen Hongwen Gao Lingling Wu 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2015,22(21):16423-16433
Toxicity evaluation is an important segment in sediment quality monitoring in order to protect aquatic organisms and human health. The purpose of this study is to assess the toxicity of sediments from three sediment cores in Yangtze River Estuary, China, using the zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo tests. Fertilized zebrafish eggs were exposed to both whole sediments and sediment organic extracts prepared from collected sediments, in order to provide a comprehensive and realistic insight into the bioavailable toxicity potential of the sediments. As end points, development parameters (mortality, hatching rate, and abnormality) in the developing embryos were recorded during the 96-h exposure. The results showed that some samples increased mortality, inhibited the hatching of embryos, and induced morphological abnormalities. The embryonic toxicities presented serrated changes and irregular distribution with depth, which may be related to hydrodynamic effect and unstable environmental input. However, lethal and sub-lethal effects were more significant at the sub-surface sediments (10~40 cm), which indicated that the pollution is more serious in recent decades. 相似文献
44.
Dian Yu Jing Yang Ting Li Jianfang Feng Qiming Xian Jiping Zhu 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2015,22(9):6601-6609
The occurrence and spatial distribution of dechloranes including mirex, dechlorane plus (DP), dechlorane (Dec) 602, Dec 603, and Dec 604 in surficial sediments of Lake Taihu were investigated in this study. The concentrations of mirex and DP ranged from below detection limit (BDL) to 1.29 ng g?1 dw and 0.051 to 2.10 ng g?1 dw, respectively. Dec 602, Dec 603, and Dec 604 on the other hand, were BDL in any of the samples. The contamination levels of DP were higher than that of Mirex at 21 of all 22 sampling sites. Levels of mirex and DP in the lake sediments were correlated when an extremely high mirex value was removed. Both mirex and DP levels were correlated with the amount of organic matters in the sediment samples. Spatial distribution of mirex and DP suggested that these two chemicals in the lake had similar input sources except for one site. Comparison to previously reported flame retardants’ levels in the sediments shows that DP levels were similar with the levels of tetrabromobisphenol A, hexabromocyclododecane but lower than PBDEs and organophosphates levels in Lake Taihu. The higher levels in the north-east part of Lake Taihu adjacent to two major cities: Wuxi and Suzhou, indicated that city effluent might be a major source for DP contamination in the lake. 相似文献
45.
It has been hypothesized that climate warming will allow southern species to advance north and invade northern ecosystems. We review the changes in the Swedish mammal and bird community in boreal forest and alpine tundra since the nineteenth century, as well as suggested drivers of change. Observed changes include (1) range expansion and increased abundance in southern birds, ungulates, and carnivores; (2) range contraction and decline in northern birds and carnivores; and (3) abundance decline or periodically disrupted dynamics in cyclic populations of small and medium-sized mammals and birds. The first warm spell, 1930–1960, stands out as a period of substantial faunal change. However, in addition to climate warming, suggested drivers of change include land use and other anthropogenic factors. We hypothesize all these drivers interacted, primarily favoring southern generalists. Future research should aim to distinguish between effects of climate and land-use change in boreal and tundra ecosystems. 相似文献
46.
47.
Bruna Castro Porto Pedro Esteves Duarte Augusto Marcelo Cristianini 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2015,23(3):392-399
Arabic gum (AG) is the most common emulsifier used for beverage emulsions. Cashew tree gum (CG) is a biological macromolecule that has been proposed as a substitute for the AG, although their technological properties comparison is still necessary. The aim of this study was to evaluate an isolation method for CG, and then evaluate CG technological properties in comparison to AG. The CG isolation methodology was improved using a small solvent amount. CG zeta-potential ranged from +8.0 mV (pH 2) to ?9.7 mV (pH 5), while the electric charge in solution of AG ranged from ?2.7 mV (pH 2) to ?28.6 mV (pH 6). As compared to AG, the CG showed a 50 % higher swelling, a 36 % lower oil absorption capacity, a slightly lower (4–8 %) solubility and lower consistency. CG is a feasible polyelectrolyte, promotes lower consistency solutions, and exhibits good swelling property. 相似文献
48.
Mona Akbar Muhammad Farooq Saleem Khan Ling Qian Hui Wang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2020,14(6):98
49.
Neelab Asi Muhammad Rafique Kali Sundas Riaz Muhammad Asam Waseem Amir Iqbal Muhammad Mazhar Ahmad Nauman Iqbal Mazhar Masood Noshin Zafar Mazhar Iqbal 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(32):39786-39794
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Fruits are the valuable and important components of human diet. Among them, Prunus persica is a rich source of different minerals and dietary fibers.... 相似文献
50.
Saeed Saira Iqbal Atia Ashraf Muhammad Aqeel 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(30):37347-37356
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Silver nanoparticles are potent antimicrobials and could be used as a promising alternative of conventional antibiotics. The aim of this study was to... 相似文献