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91.
Iqbal Farheena Wilson Robyn Ayub Qasim Song Beng Kah Krzeminska-Ahmedzai Urszula Talei Amin Hermawan Andreas Aditya Rahman Sadequr 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(13):35715-35726
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Urban-dwelling birds can be useful biomonitors to assess the impact of the urbanisation on both public and wildlife health. Widely distributed urban... 相似文献
92.
Kaleem Muhammad Mumtaz Abdul Samad Hashmi Muhammad Zaffar Saeed Aamer Inam Farooq Waqar Rooma Jabeen Amber 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(6):13994-14007
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are toxic organic compounds and pose serious threats to environment and public health. PCBs still exist in different... 相似文献
93.
Domestic water conservation in arid climates can result in efficient utilization of existing water supplies. The impacts of
conservation measures such as the installation of water-saving devices, water metering and pricing schemes, water rationing
and public awareness programs, strict plumbing codes, penalties for wasting water, programs designed to reduce leakage from
public water lines and within the home, water-efficient landscaping, economic and ethical incentives are addressed in detail.
Cost savings in arid climates, with particular reference to Saudi Arabia, in relation to some conservation techniques, are
presented. Water conservation technology and tentative demonstration and implementation of water conservation programs are
discussed. 相似文献
94.
Enrichment and isolation of endosulfan-degrading microorganisms 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Endosulfan (6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,3,4-benzo-dioxathiepin-3-oxide) is a cyclodiene organochlorine currently used as an insecticide all over the world and its residues are posing a serious environmental threat. This study reports the isolation and identification of enriched microorganisms, capable of degrading endosulfan. Enrichment was achieved by using the insecticide as either the sole source of carbon or sulfur in parallel studies. Two strains each of fungi (F1 and F4) and bacteria (BF2 and B4) were selected using endosulfan as a sole carbon source. A Pandoraea species (Lin-3) previously isolated in our laboratory using lindane (gamma-HCH) as a carbon source was also screened for endosulfan degradation. F1 and F4 (Fusarium ventricosum) degraded alpha-endosulfan by as much as 82.2 and 91.1% and beta-endosulfan by 78.5 and 89.9%, respectively, within 15 d of incubation. Bacterial strains B4 and Lin-3 degraded alpha-endosulfan up to 79.6 and 81.8% and beta-endosulfan up to 83.9 and 86.8%, respectively, in 15 d. Among the bacterial strains isolated by providing endosulfan as a sulfur source, B4s and F4t degraded alpha-endosulfan by as much as 70.4 and 68.5% and beta-endosulfan by 70.4 and 70.8%, respectively, after 15 d. Degradation of the insecticide occurred concomitant with bacterial growth reaching an optical density (OD600) of 0.366 and 0.322 for B4 and Lin-3, respectively. High OD600 was also noted with the other bacterial strains utilizing endosulfan as a sulfur source. Fungal and bacterial strains significantly decreased the pH of the nutrient culture media while growing on endosulfan. The results of this study suggest that these novel strains are a valuable source of potent endosulfan-degrading enzymes for use in enzymatic bioremediation. 相似文献
95.
Silicon is a representative operational material for semiconductor and micro-electronics. In certain MEMS applications, it is required to fabricate three dimensional channels and complex pattern on silicon substrate. Such features are typically fabricated by photolithography and chemical etching. These processes have low productivity and have certain other limitations. Therefore, a viable switch-over from non-traditional fabrication processes to traditional machining is highly desired for improved productivity in high-mix low-volume production. However, machining of silicon by traditional process is extremely difficult due to its high brittleness. Even very small forces produced during machining can cause brittle fracture on silicon surface resulting in deteriorated surface quality. The fundamental principle in machining of a brittle material such as silicon is to achieve material removal through plastic deformation rather than crack propagation. This paper presents the experimental results of ductile-mode machining of silicon by micro ball end-milling. The workpiece surface was inclined to the rotational axes of the cutter to improve the surface finish. It was established experimentally that 15-μm deep, fracture-free slots can be machined on silicon wafer by micro ball end-milling if the feed rate is below a certain threshold. The influence of several machining parameters on the roughness of machined-surface was also investigated. Cubic boron nitride (CBN) is presented as much economical alternative tool-material to single-crystal diamond for machining silicon in ductile-mode. 相似文献
96.
This paper examines whether foreign aid, together with other economic, social and environmental factors, contributes to sustainable development. It starts with an illustrative theoretical growth model where foreign aid promotes sustainable development by protecting the environment. Using factor analysis and newly developed estimation methods for a dynamic panel data model with endogenous regressors, the empirical section of the paper finds evidence that foreign aid has had a significantly positive influence on sustainable development in aid recipient countries. This effect is very likely to go through channels related to growth and resources as well as a technology channel with respect to energy intensity. This research has important implications for a post‐2015 development framework on international collective action with regard to a sustainable future. 相似文献
97.
98.
Banana peels were employed for the removal of metribuzin from aqueous solution. Sorption in the batch mode was optimized regarding pH, contact time, sorbent dose, initial pesticide concentrations, and temperature. The sorption data were fitted to pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, intraparticle diffusion, Elovich, and liquid film diffusion model, the pseudo-second-order exhibiting best fit (R2 = 0.9803). Of the four most common sorption isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich), the data followed the Langmuir isotherm with highest correlation. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 167 mg g?1. Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy showed that the sorption was exothermic and spontaneous. 相似文献
99.
100.
Differences in nitrous oxide fluxes from red soil under different land uses in mid-subtropical China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Shan LinJaved Iqbal Ronggui Hu Leilei RuanJinshui Wu Jinsong ZhaoPengju Wang 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2012,146(1):168-178
Red soil may play an important role in nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions due to its recent land use change pattern. To predict the land use change effect on N2O emissions, we examined the relationship between soil N2O flux and environmental determinants in four different types of land uses in subtropical red soil. During two years of study (January 2005-January 2007), biweekly N2O fluxes were measured from 09:00 to 11:00 a.m. using static closed chamber method. Objectives were to estimate the seasonal and annual N2O flux differences from land use change and, reveal the controlling factors of soil N2O emission by studying the relationship of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), water filled pore space (WFPS) and soil temperature with soil N2O flux. Nitrous oxide fluxes were significantly higher in hot-humid season than in the cool-dry season. Significant differences in soil N2O fluxes were observed among four land uses; 2.9, 1.9 and 1.7 times increased N2O emissions were observed after conventional land use conversion from woodland to paddy, orchard and upland, respectively. The mean annual budgets of N2O emission were 0.71-2.21 kg N2O-N ha−1 year−1 from four land use types. The differences were partly attributed to increased fertilizer use in agriculture land uses. In all land uses, N2O fluxes were positively related to soil temperature and DOC accounting for 22-48% and 30-46% of the seasonal N2O flux variability, respectively. Nitrous oxide fluxes did significantly correlate with WFPS in orchard and upland only. Nitrous oxide fluxes responded positively to MBC in all land use types except orchard which had the lowest WFPS. We conclude that (1) land use conversion from woodland to agriculture land uses leads to increased soil N2O fluxes, partly due increased fertilizer use, and (2) irrespective of land use, soil N2O fluxes are under environmental controls, the main variables being soil temperature and DOC, both of which control the supply of nitrification and denitrification substrates. 相似文献