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281.
282.
The sources of carbon and the dietary habits of Brachidontes pharaonis (Mollusca, Bivalvia), a new Lessepsian entry in the western Mediterranean, living in a cooling vat of a saltworks system in western Sicily (MED), were assessed by estimating throughout a season the relative abundance of a stable carbon isotope (13C) in particulate organic matter (POM), sedimentary organic matter (SOM), primary organic matter sources (seagrasses, sand microflora, macroalgae), Brachidontes pharaonis and its biodeposition material. In the saltworks the most enriched primary food source potentially fuelling the saltworks food web was Cymodocea nodosa (seasonal average –7.9±0.6), Laurencia papillosa and Cystoseira sp., which represented the predominant macroalgae (seasonal average –19.0±1.0) and sand microflora 13C (–14.7±0.11). POM annual mean 13C was –17.4±0.9, and that of SOM was –17.0±2.3. The seasonal mean isotopic value of B. pharaonis was –14.7±0.7; while its faeces was more depleted (–17.7±2.4), while the pseudofaeces (–14.6±3.6) was similar to somatic B. pharaonis in composition. Our study showed that Brachidontes assimilated mostly mixed sedimentary organic carbon re-arranged via a detritus route dominated mainly by macroalgae and sand microflora and that it was able to exploit almost all the predominant carbon sources available in its colonised environment both directly (sand microflora) and indirectly via the POM/SOM detritus route. These carbon sources incorporated most of the environmental variability relative to the isotopic composition of primary producers (about –11 throughout the year).Communicated by R. Cattaneo-Vietti, Genova 相似文献
283.
A comparative analysis of the early life history of two common gastropod forms living on the leaves of the Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica has been carried out, taking into account timing and phases of development. The forms have a different distribution along a depth transect at Ischia Island (Gulf of Naples, Italy), the more squat and ribbed being mainly present between 1 and 15 m depth, with a maximum density at 3 m, the other, between 10 and 30 m. They were distinguished as sibling species, Rissoa italiensis (Verduin, 1985) and Rissoa auriscalpium (L., 1758), on the basis of protoconch size. However, to date, the systematic relationship between them is still unclear. Electrophoretic studies showed lower genetic distance between the two forms along the transect, than among populations from other locations in the Mediterranean Sea. R. auriscalpium have planktonic development, with a higher number of smaller eggs, while R. italiensis have an intracapsular veliger, with hatching juveniles. As for the patterns of development, while the same stages are recognizable in the two gastropod forms up to the formation of the veliger, several differences in timing occur, along with differences in growth and death rates of the embryos. R. auriscalpium hatches as a veliger at the first phase of torsion, about 10 days after spawning, while R. italiensis completes its torsion and metamorphosis within the capsule, and then hatches as a juvenile about 18 days after spawning. The time of encapsulation is what seems to lead to similar developmental sequences with different reproductive patterns and ecological roles, depending on the organization of the elements in the capsule.Communicated by R. Cattaneo-Vietti, Genova 相似文献
284.
A.?PennaEmail author E.?Garcés M.?Vila M.?G.?Giacobbe S.?Fraga A.?Lugliè I.?Bravo E.?Bertozzini C.?Vernesi 《Marine Biology》2005,148(1):13-23
The presence of the paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella in the north western (NW) Mediterranean Sea has been known since 1983. From this date on, the species has spread along the Spanish and Italian coastlines. Information concerning A. catenella isolates in the NW Mediterranean Sea was gained through phylogenetic studies. Twenty established toxic cultures of A. catenella taken from various NW Mediterranean Sea locations were analysed by nucleotide sequencing of the 5.8S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer regions. These rDNA ribosomal markers resulted useful in delineating the phylogenetic position of this species in the genus Alexandrium as well as in determining relationships between A. catenella isolates from different geographic areas. The phylogenetic position of the Mediterranean A. catenella ribotype, when compared to the “Alexandrium tamarense/catenella/fundyense species complex”, fits this species complex well. All the Mediterranean A. catenella isolates were constituted by only one genetic ribotype. By comparing the isolate sequences with those of other geographic areas, it revealed that the Mediterranean A. catenella ribotype was closely related to the A. catenella from Japan, Western Pacific Ocean. It was also evident that in temperate Japanese waters, a genetic variability was detected within A. catenella isolates; in fact, all strains resulted divergent showing as many as 15 mutational steps. The possibility that A. catenella has been recently introduced into the Mediterranean basin from temperate Asian areas is discussed. 相似文献
285.
Recep Ekiciler Muhammet Samet Ali Çetinkaya Kamil Arslan 《International Journal of Green Energy》2020,17(10):555-567
ABSTRACT Al2O3/water nanofluid has been numerically examined for the first time with different nanoparticle shapes including, cylindrical, blade, brick, platelet and spherical, on the flat and triangular-corrugated impinging surfaces. The volume fractions of 1.0%, 2.0% and 3.0% nanoparticles have been used. The Reynolds number is between 100–500 depending on the slot diameter. The finite volume method is utilized to determine the governing equations. The study is analyzed to determine how the flow features, heat transfer features and entropy production were affected by the diversity of nanoparticle shape, nanoparticle volume fraction, and shape of impinging surface. Darcy friction factor and Nusselt number are studied in detail for different conditions. The temperature contours are presented in the case of different nanoparticle volume fractions, nanoparticle shapes and both impinging surfaces. The results of the study suggest that the nanoparticle shape of the platelet shows the highest heat transfer development due to the thinner thermal boundary layer. Heat transfer augments with increasing volume fraction of nanoparticles. In addition, the study is consistent with the results of the literature on heat transfer and flow properties. 相似文献
286.
The effect of suspended particles coated by humic acid on the toxicity of pharmaceuticals, estrogens, and phenolic compounds 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The sorption characteristics of 10 organic chemicals, categorized as pharmaceuticals, estrogens and phenols, onto synthetic suspended particle (i.e., alumina) coated with humic acid were investigated according to their octanol-water partition coefficient (K(ow)). Chemical analyses were performed with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The effects of particles on the toxicity reduction were evaluated using bioassay tests, using Daphnia magna and Vibrio fisheri for phenols and pharmaceuticals, and the human breast cancer cell MCF-7 for estrogens. Sorption studies revealed that 22 and 38% of octylphenol and pentachlorophenol, respectively, were removed by suspended particle, whereas 2,4-dichlorophenol was not removed, which was directly proportional to the logK(ow) value. Similar to the sorption tests, suspended particles significantly reduced the acute toxicities of octylphenol and pentachlorophenol to D. magna and V. fisheri (p<0.01), but there was no significant difference in the toxicity of 2,4-dichlorophenol to D. magna (p=0.8374). Pharmaceuticals, such as ibuprofen, gemfibrozil and tolfenamic acid, showed no discernible sorption to the suspended particle, with the exception of diclofenac, which revealed 11% sorption. For estrogens, such as estrone, 17beta-estradiol and 17alpha-ethynylestradiol, the results indicated no reduction in the sorption test. This may be attributed to the polar interaction by functional groups in sorption between pharmaceuticals and estrogens and suspended particles. In the bioassays, presence of suspended particles did not significantly modify the toxicity of pharmaceuticals (regardless of their K(ow) values) to D. magna, V. fisheri or E-screen. 相似文献
287.
Federico?AndreisEmail authorView authors OrcID profile Marco?Bonetti 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2018,25(1):139-154
We introduce a novel method to extract a sample from a finite population where units with desired characteristics are over-represented. The approach is both sequential and adaptive and allows, via suitable compositions of predictive and objective functions, to target specific subsets of the population. We consider the problem of estimation and conjecture the validity of a modified Horvitz–Thompson estimator capable to account for the imbalance induced by the targeting procedure. After discussing how to apply the method to the sampling of geographically distributed units, we investigate its potential via simulations. 相似文献
288.
Varol Memet Sünbül Muhammet Raşit 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(29):23114-23124
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, levels of ten metals (arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, lead, and zinc) in muscles of farmed and... 相似文献
289.
The Kaštela Bay (Croatia) is known, by the use of Fast micromethod, as an area with the highest level of genotoxic agents
along the Adriatic Sea. The genotoxic impacts in Kastela Bay and the neighbouring Trogir Bay using micronucleus test and Comet
assay with mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) haemocytes were assesed during 2003 and 2004. This location received effluents from various industries (brewery, cement
plant, etc.), ports (oil and general port), the Split shipyard, Vranjic shipworks along with domestic sewage and agricultural
discharge that enters the bay without any treatment. In the meantime, a lot of industries were closed and the input of pollutants
were discontinued. The tested mussels from the 2003–2004 confirmed that mussels from Kaštela Bay were affected by genotoxic
contaminants. The aim of our study was to assess genotoxic impacts on Mytilus galloprovincialis in the same area after six years using Comet Assay test. Our survey showed decreses of genotoxic damage on mussel haemocytes. 相似文献
290.
Winfried Schröder Marcel Holy Roland Pesch Harry Harmens Hilde Fagerli Renate Alber Mahmut Coşkun Ludwig De Temmerman Marina Frolova Laura González-Miqueo Zvonka Jeran Eero Kubin Sébastien Leblond Siiri Liiv Blanka Maňkovská Juha Piispanen Jesús M. Santamaría Primož Simonèiè Ivan Suchara Lilyana Yurukova Harald G. Zechmeister 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(29):3485-3491
In this study, the indicative value of mosses as biomonitors of atmospheric nitrogen (N) depositions and air concentrations on the one hand and site-specific and regional factors which explain best the total N concentration in mosses on the other hand were investigated for the first time at a European scale using correlation analyses. The analyses included data from mosses collected from 2781 sites across Europe within the framework of the European moss survey 2005/6, which was coordinated by the International Cooperative Programme on Effects of Air Pollution on Natural Vegetation and Crops (ICP Vegetation). Modelled atmospheric N deposition and air concentration data were calculated using the Unified EMEP Model of the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) of the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP). The modelled deposition and concentration data encompass various N compounds. In order to assess the correlations between moss tissue total N concentrations and the chosen predictors, Spearman rank correlation analysis and Classification and Regression Trees (CART) were applied. The Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that the total N concentration in mosses and modelled N depositions and air concentrations are significantly correlated (0.53 ≤ rs ≤ 0.68, p < 0.001). Correlations with other predictors were lower than 0.55. The CART analysis indicated that the variation in the total N concentration in mosses was best explained by the variation in NH4+ concentrations in air, followed by NO2 concentrations in air, sampled moss species and total dry N deposition. The total N concentrations in mosses mirror land use-related atmospheric concentrations and depositions of N across Europe. In addition to already proven associations to measured N deposition on a local scale the study at hand gives a scientific prove on the association of N concentration in mosses and modelled deposition at the European scale. 相似文献