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311.
Bayramin I Basaran M Erpul G Canga MR 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,140(1-3):249-265
There has been increasing concern in highlands of semiarid Turkey that conversion of these systems results in excessive soil
erosion, ecosystem degradation, and loss of sustainable resources. An increasing rate of land use/cover changes especially
in semiarid mountainous areas has resulted in important effects on physical and ecological processes, causing many regions
to undergo accelerated environmental degradation in terms of soil erosion, mass movement and reservoir sedimentation. This
paper, therefore, explores the impact of land use changes on land degradation in a linkage to the soil erodibility, RUSLE-K,
in Cankiri–Indagi Mountain Pass, Turkey. The characterization of soil erodibility in this ecosystem is important from the
standpoint of conserving fragile ecosystems and planning management practices. Five adjacent land uses (cropland, grassland,
woodland, plantation, and recreational land) were selected for this research. Analysis of variance showed that soil properties
and RUSLE-K statistically changed with land use changes and soils of the recreational land and cropland were more sensitive
to water erosion than those of the woodland, grassland, and plantation. This was mainly due to the significant decreases in
soil organic matter (SOM) and hydraulic conductivity (HC) in those lands. Additionally, soil samples randomly collected from
the depths of 0–10 cm (D
1) and 10–20 cm (D
2) with irregular intervals in an area of 1,200 by 4,200 m sufficiently characterized not only the spatial distribution of
soil organic matter (SOM), hydraulic conductivity (HC), clay (C), silt (Si), sand (S) and silt plus very fine sand (Si + VFS)
but also the spatial distribution of RUSLE-K as an algebraically estimate of these parameters together with field assessment
of soil structure to assess the dynamic relationships between soil properties and land use types. In this study, in order
to perform the spatial analyses, the mean sampling intervals were 43, 50, 64, 78, 85 m for woodland, plantation, grassland,
recreation, and cropland with the sample numbers of 56, 79, 72, 13, and 69, respectively, resulting in an average interval
of 64 m for whole study area. Although nugget effect and nugget effect–sill ratio gave an idea about the sampling design adequacy,
the better results are undoubtedly likely by both equi-probable spatial sampling and random sampling representative of all
land uses. 相似文献
312.
A method for the preconcentration of the total chromium based on coprecipitation with cerium (IV) hydroxide is proposed for
determination of chromium by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Different factors including carrier element amount, pH,
sample volume and matrix ion effects for the precipitation were examined. The detection limit of the total chromium (k = 3, N = 15) was 0.18 μg l−1. The presented method was applied for the determination of chromium in the wastewater samples from Kayseri and Nigde Organized
Industrial Region-Turkey and in drinking water from our laboratory, Kayseri with satisfactory results (relative standard deviations
below 8%, recoveries 95%). The analytical results obtained by the proposed method for certified copper sample was in good
agreement with the certified value. 相似文献
313.
Micro- and macro-element contents of several commercial fruit juices purchased from marked were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. Among the minor elements determined, Zn, Cu, Mn, Mo, Co, Cd and Ni were found to be lover. Major mineral contents of fruit juices were established as Ca, K, Mg and P. The potassium contents of fruit juices were determined at the higher levels. K contents of fruit juices ranged between 475 mg/kg (B apricot) and 1478 mg/kg (B peach). In addition while Ca contents of fruit juices change between 19.3 mg/kg (E cherry) and 81.8 mg/kg (C orange), Mg contents ranged at the levels between 23.7 mg/kg (A apricot) and 65.4 mg/kg (D orange). Generally Ca and contents of peach, orange and apricot juices that belong to A and D companies were determined at the high levels. 相似文献
314.
Aysun Türkmen Mustafa Türkmen Yalçın Tepe Mustafa Çekiç 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,168(1-4):223-230
This study was performed to investigate the metal concentrations in muscle, liver, gonad, and gill of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L., 1758), European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax L., 1758), and keeled mullet (Liza carinata Valenciennes, 1836) from Yelkoma Lagoon, northeastern Mediterranean region. So, the levels of cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, lead, and zinc in tissues of specimens from the lagoon were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer. Concentrations of metals in muscles of the examined species ranged from 0.10 to 0.47 mg kg???1 for cadmium, 0.10 to 0.43 mg kg???1 for cobalt, 0.17 to 0.72 mg kg???1 for chromium, 0.62 to 1.03 mg kg???1 for copper, 28.9 to 52.3 mg kg???1 for iron, 0.75 to 0.96 mg kg???1 for manganese, 0.11 to 0.57 mg kg???1 for nickel, 0.19 to 0.47 mg kg???1 for lead, and 6.01 to 13.9 mg kg???1 for zinc, respectively. Additionally, metal concentrations in muscles of fish were assessed for human uses according to provisional tolerable weekly intake and provisional tolerable daily intake. 相似文献
315.
Transformation of nitrogen dioxide into ozone and prediction of ozone concentrations using multiple linear regression techniques 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nurul Adyani Ghazali Nor Azam Ramli Ahmad Shukri Yahaya Noor Faizah Fitri MD Yusof Nurulilyana Sansuddin Wesam Ahmed Al Madhoun 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,165(1-4):475-489
Analysis and forecasting of air quality parameters are important topics of atmospheric and environmental research today due to the health impact caused by air pollution. This study examines transformation of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) into ozone (O3) at urban environment using time series plot. Data on the concentration of environmental pollutants and meteorological variables were employed to predict the concentration of O3 in the atmosphere. Possibility of employing multiple linear regression models as a tool for prediction of O3 concentration was tested. Results indicated that the presence of NO2 and sunshine influence the concentration of O3 in Malaysia. The influence of the previous hour ozone on the next hour concentrations was also demonstrated. 相似文献
316.
Berkant Odemis Mustafa Kemal Sangun Fatih Evrendilek 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,170(1-4):475-490
The Euphrates and Tigris watersheds originating from Turkey and passing through Syria and Iraq are one of the most important transboundary watersheds in the Middle East. Long-term data (1971 to 2002) from 14 stations over the Euphrates river and seven stations over the Tigris river were analyzed and compared using the nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Kendall trend tests, and box-and-whisker plots. The upper Euphrates river had significantly lower values of flow rate (FR), water temperature (WT), electrical conductivity (EC), Cl, and SO4 than did the lower Euphrates river. The middle Euphrates river had significantly higher Na, K, HCO3, Cl, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), and boron (B) and lower EC and SO4 than the lower Euphrates river. The upper west Tigris river had higher EC, Ca + Mg, and SO4 and lower FR, Na, and SAR than the lower Tigris river. The upper east Tigris river had higher HCO3 and B and lower FR and WT than the lower Tigris river. 相似文献
317.
318.
Dry deposition and soil-air gas exchange of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in an industrial area 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Bozlaker A Odabasi M Muezzinoglu A 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,156(3):784-793
Ambient air and dry deposition, and soil samples were collected at the Aliaga industrial site in Izmir, Turkey. Atmospheric total (particle + gas) ∑41-PCB concentrations were higher in summer (3370 ± 1617 pg m−3, average + SD) than in winter (1164 ± 618 pg m−3), probably due to increased volatilization with temperature. Average particulate ∑41-PCBs dry deposition fluxes were 349 ± 183 and 469 ± 328 ng m−2 day−1 in summer and winter, respectively. Overall average particulate deposition velocity was 5.5 ± 3.5 cm s−1. The spatial distribution of ∑41-PCB soil concentrations (n = 48) showed that the iron-steel plants, ship dismantling facilities, refinery and petrochemicals complex are the major sources in the area. Calculated air-soil exchange fluxes indicated that the contaminated soil is a secondary source to the atmosphere for lighter PCBs and as a sink for heavier ones. Comparable magnitude of gas exchange and dry particle deposition fluxes indicated that both mechanisms are equally important for PCB movement between air and soil in Aliaga. 相似文献
319.
Al Sayegh Petkovsek S Batic F Ribaric Lasnik C 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,151(2):287-291
This paper reports the results of total sulphur content, photosynthetic pigments, ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) analysed in current-year needles of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in the area influenced by sulphur emissions from the Sostanj Thermal Power Plant (STPP), Slovenia, in the period 1991-2004. Ten differently polluted sampling sites in the emission area of STPP were selected. After desulphurization of emission gases from STPP total sulphur content in needles decreased and vitality parameters of needles increased. Moreover, a strong correlation between the average annual emissions of SO(2) from STPP and average annual sulphur content (increase) or average annual chlorophyll content (decrease) in current-year needles was found. The results showed that spruce needles may be an useful bioindicator for detecting changes in the emission rates of SO(2). 相似文献
320.
Thomas H. Henderson K. Ulrich Mayer Beth L. Parker Tom A. Al 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2009,106(3-4):195-211
A popular method for the treatment of aquifers contaminated with chlorinated solvents is chemical oxidation based on the injection of potassium permanganate (KMnO4). Both the high density (1025 gL− 1) and reactivity of the treatment solution influence the fate of permanganate (MnO4) in the subsurface and affect the degree of contaminant treatment. The MIN3P multicomponent reactive transport code was enhanced to simulate permanganate-based remediation, to evaluate the pathways of MnO4 utilization, and to assess the role of density contrasts for the delivery of the treatment solution. The modified code (MIN3P-D) provides a direct coupling between density-dependent fluid flow, solute transport, contaminant treatment, and geochemical reactions. The model is used to simulate a field trial of TCE oxidation in a sandy aquifer that is underlain by an aquitard. Three-dimensional simulations are conducted for a coupled reactive system comprised of ten aqueous components, two mineral phases, TCE (dissolved, adsorbed, and NAPL), reactive organic matter, and including ion exchange reactions. Model parameters are constrained by literature data and a detailed data set from the field site under investigation. The general spatial and transient evolution in observed concentrations of the oxidant, dissolved TCE, and reaction products are adequately reproduced by the simulations. The model elucidates the important role of density-induced flow and transport on the distribution of the treatment solution into NAPL containing regions located at the aquifer–aquitard interface. Model results further suggest that reactions that do not directly affect the stability of MnO4 have a negligible effect on solution density and MnO4 delivery. 相似文献