Effect of traffic restriction on atmospheric particle concentrations and their size distributions in urban Lanzhou, Northwestern China

During the 2012 Lanzhou International Marathon, the local government made a significant effort to improve traffic conditions and air quality by implementing traffic restriction measures. To evaluate the direct effect of these measures on urban air quality, especially particle concentrations and their size distributions, atmospheric particle size distributions(0.5–20 μm) obtained using an aerodynamic particle sizer(model 3321, TSI, USA) in June 2012 were analyzed. It was found that the particle number, surface area and volume concentrations for size range 0.5–10 μm were(15.0±2.1) cm-3,(11.8±2.6) μm2/cm3and(1.9±0.6) μm2/cm3, respectively, on the traffic-restricted day(Sunday), which is 63.2%, 53.0% and 47.2% lower than those on a normal Sunday. For number and surface area concentrations, the most affected size range was 0.5–0.7 and 0.5–0.8 μm, respectively, while for volume concentration, the most affected size ranges were 0.5–0.8, 1.7–2.0 and 5.0–5.4 μm. Number and volume concentrations of particles in size range 0.5–1.0 μm correlated well with the number of non-CNG(Compressed Natural Gas) powered vehicles, while their correlation with the number of CNG-powered vehicles was very low, suggesting that reasonable urban traffic controls along with vehicle technology improvements could play an important role in improving urban air quality.     

推进绿色交通体系建设的对策建议

论述了我国交通体系建设现状,剖析了我国交通体系建设过程现存的环境污染问题,从选址选线期的"事先绕避"、工程施工期的"事中防护"、工程运行期的"事后监管"3个方面提出了建设绿色交通体系的建议。     

上海市危险废物污染预警及突发事件应急响应平台的建设研究

我国危险废物应急管理工作基础较为薄弱。如何快速提升和完善危险废物污染预警和应急响应能力已逐渐成为我国危险废物管理领域研究的重要内容。本文立足我国危险废物污染预警及突发事件应急响应能力建设现状,探讨上海市危险废物污染预警及突发事件应急响应平台的建设内容,建立了典型示范基地以验证平台的实际应用价值,以期为我国其他地区开展险废物污染预警及突发事件应急响应平台建设提供借鉴,为政府环境应急管理系统构建提供技术支持。     

邯郸矿区水资源承载力评价研究

水资源是人类社会发展的基础性自然资源,开展水资源承载力研究,并将其引入规划环评中,对于完善规划环评技术方法,更好的发挥其战略指导作用,协调水资源开发与经济发展和环境保护之间的关系具有重要的意义。本文以邯郸矿区为研究对象,从宏观、微观两个层次开展了矿区水资源承载力评价研究。     

The effects of perceived organizational support,perceived supervisor support and perceived co-worker support on safety and health compliance

Although knowledge is cumulating, very little is known about the effects of various sources of support on safety and health compliance. This study goes beyond previous research by investigating the relationships among perceived support from organizations, supervisors and co-workers, and employees’ safety and health compliance behaviour at chemical and petroleum process plants. The results of this study show that the support from organizations, supervisors and co-workers was significantly related to employees’ safety and health compliance. Also, the findings reveal that perceived supervisor support has the strongest influence in ensuring employees’ safety and health compliance behaviour.     

Biodegradation of pendimethalin by Bacillus subtilis Y3

A bacterium strain Y3,capable of efficiently degrading pendimethalin,was isolated from activated sludge and identified as Bacillus subtilis according to its phenotypic features and 16 S rRNA phylogenetic analysis.This strain could grow on pendimethalin as a sole carbon source and degrade 99.5%of 100 mg/L pendimethalin within 2.5 days in batch liquid culture,demonstrating a greater efficiency than any other reported strains.Three metabolic products,6-aminopendimethalin,5-amino-2-methyl-3-nitroso-4-(pentan-3-ylamino) benzoic acid,and 8-amino-2-ethyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2-dihydroquinoxaline-6-carboxylic acid,were identified by HPLC-MS/MS,and a new microbial degradation pathway was proposed.A nitroreductase catalyzing nitroreduction of pendimethalin to 6-aminopendimethalin was detected in the cell lysate of strain Y3.The cofactor was nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH) or more preferably nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NADH).The optimal temperature and pH for the nitroreductase were 30℃ and 7.5,respectively.Hg~(2+),Ni~(2+),Pb~(2+),Co~(2+),Mn~(2+) Cu~(2+),Ag~+,and EDTA severely inhibited the nitroreductase activity,whereas Fe~(2+),Mg~(2+),and Ca~(2+) enhanced it.This study provides an efficient pendimethalin-degrading microorganism and broadens the knowledge of the microbial degradation pathway of pendimethalin.     

胶州湾大沽河河口表层沉积物中多环芳烃分布特征、来源及生态风险评价

对胶州湾大沽河河口18个站点处表层沉积物中多环芳烃的含量及其分布特征进行研究,并对其来源进行解析以及潜在风险展开评价。研究表明,大沽河河口表层沉积物中所测得的16种优先控制的多环芳烃总量为21.93×10-9~634.64×10-9,平均含量为239.41×10-9,根据沉积物中PAHs污染等级划分,大沽河河口PAHs污染状况属于中度污染,且7月份PAHs含量高于10月份。所有站点中16种PAHs平均含量最高的前三位分别为芴（58.10×10-9）、荧蒽（28.71×10-9）、芘（23.69×10-9）,含量最低的为苊（0.65×10-9）。同时与国内外多个海湾河口表层沉积物中多环芳烃污染状况比较,大沽河河口表层沉积物中多环芳烃污染状况处于中等水平,应引起注意。运用特征比值法及主成分分析法对研究区多环芳烃来源进行解析,显示大沽河河口表层沉积物中多环芳烃来源主要为机动车尾气排放及化石燃料等燃烧而产生的石油燃烧源及原油等直接泄漏导致的石油源。采用效应区间低、中值法（ERL/ERM）对大沽河河口表层沉积物中的多环芳烃进行生态风险评价,仅个别站点芴含量超出效应区间低值（ERL）,其余站点PAHs含量均在ERL值以下,对生态环境潜在负面效应很小。根据苯并（a）芘的等效致癌毒性（BEQ）评价发现大沽河河口表层沉积物中PAHs对人体健康不存在威胁。     

日处理1200立方米印染废水工程实例

采用絮凝沉淀+水解酸化+生物接触氧化工艺处理印染废水。工程运行表明,印染废水在进水COD、BOD5、SS浓度分别在800、4002、00 mg/L,色度400倍的条件下,经处理后,外排废水COD、BOD5、SS浓度分别为27.2、25、32 mg/L,色度40倍。该工艺运行管理方便,剩余污泥量小,能广泛应用于印染废水处理的实际工作中。     

大九湖泥炭藓湿地对磷、铜污染物净化作用的模拟研究

在大九湖泥炭藓沼泽湿地采用野外实地模拟方法,就泥炭藓湿地对铜、磷两种污染物的净化能力进行了研究。结果表明,磷污染物浓度分别为10,100,1 000 mg/L时,两小时后泥炭藓湿地对该污染物的净化率分别为939%,695%,663%;同样的浓度梯度下,对铜污染物的净化率分别为1000%,976%,880%。泥炭藓湿地对污染物具有很强的净化能力,其泥炭层部分在湿地净化污染物中起到重要作用。利用拟一级动力学模型、修改上限的拟一级动力学模型、拟二级动力学模型、Elovich模型、双常数速率模型、抛物线扩散模型等6个模型对泥炭藓湿地的净化进行动态研究,其中后4个模型均可模拟湿地净化的动态过程。长期预测以拟二级动力学模型为最佳。     

基于OGP数据的点火概率在保护层分析中的研究与应用

保护层分析(LOPA)是一种数量级层面上的半定量风险评估方法,它通常以定性风险评估为基础,以相对定量风险分析更短的时间及更少的资源为特点而得到广泛应用.在利用LOPA进行风险分析时,需要确定各类场景修正因子,其中点火概率由于影响因素多、现有确定方法较为粗糙,导致较高的不确定性,使得LOPA分析结果的一致性难以保证.根据OGP提供的经验数据,对不同泄漏速率下的点火概率进行数据的完善与补充,得出简化后的点火概率计算模型,在确保点火概率相对准确的同时简化点火概率的计算方法,为LOPA中点火概率的取值提供了依据.同时采用显著性检验的分析方法研究了不同泄漏特征对于点火概率的影响,为LOPA分析中保护层的选取与设计提供了建议.