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71.
An assessment of adherence to basic ecological principles by payments for ecosystem service projects
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C.M. Prager A. Varga P. Olmsted J.C. Ingram M. Cattau C. Freund R. Wynn‐Grant S. Naeem 《Conservation biology》2016,30(4):836-845
Programs and projects employing payments for ecosystem service (PES) interventions achieve their objectives by linking buyers and sellers of ecosystem services. Although PES projects are popular conservation and development interventions, little is known about their adherence to basic ecological principles. We conducted a quantitative assessment of the degree to which a global set of PES projects adhered to four ecological principles that are basic scientific considerations for any project focused on ecosystem management: collection of baseline data, identification of threats to an ecosystem service, monitoring, and attention to ecosystem dynamics or the formation of an adaptive management plan. We evaluated 118 PES projects in three markets—biodiversity, carbon, and water—compiled using websites of major conservation organizations; ecology, economic, and climate‐change databases; and three scholarly databases (ISI Web of Knowledge, Web of Science, and Google Scholar). To assess adherence to ecological principles, we constructed two scientific indices (one additive [ASI] and one multiplicative [MSI]) based on our four ecological criteria and analyzed index scores by relevant project characteristics (e.g., sector, buyer, seller). Carbon‐sector projects had higher ASI values (P < 0.05) than water‐sector projects and marginally higher ASI scores (P < 0.1) than biodiversity‐sector projects, demonstrating their greater adherence to ecological principles. Projects financed by public–private partnerships had significantly higher ASI values than projects financed by governments (P < 0.05) and marginally higher ASI values than those funded by private entities (P < 0.1). We did not detect differences in adherence to ecological principles based on the inclusion of cobenefits, the spatial extent of a project, or the size of a project's budget. These findings suggest, at this critical phase in the rapid growth of PES projects, that fundamental ecological principles should be considered more carefully in PES project design and implementation in an effort to ensure PES project viability and sustainability. 相似文献
72.
Influence of supports on photocatalytic degradation of phenol and 4-chlorophenol in aqueous suspensions of titanium dioxide 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The photocatalytic degradation of phenol and 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) in aqueous suspensions with the use of titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) under UV irradiation was examined. The effects of different supporting materials mixed physically with TiO2 were studied to achieve maximum degradation efficiency. Among the three supports, namely activated carbon (AC), silica (SiO2 ) and zeolite (ZSM-5), all exhibited paramount efficiency for degradation of phenol and 4-CP and was better than TiO2 alone. The optimum concentration was found to be 50 mg for all supporting materials. The efficiency order of the three supports was as follows: AC > ZSM-5 > SiO2 , respectively. Whilst, the degradation of phenol and 4-CP was improved from 70.6% to 87.6% and 80.6% to 89.7%, respectively, within 120 min photocatalysis in the presence of optimal amount of AC. The degradation was also comparatively enhanced in the presence of cheaper rice husk and the activity was closed to ZSM-5 and lower than AC. 相似文献
73.
Functional and phylogenetic diversity as predictors of biodiversity--ecosystem-function relationships 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
How closely does variability in ecologically important traits reflect evolutionary divergence? The use of phylogenetic diversity (PD) to predict biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning, and more generally the use of phylogenetic information in community ecology, depends in part on the answer to this question. However, comparisons of the predictive power of phylogenetic diversity and functional diversity (FD) have not been conducted across a range of experiments. To address how phylogenetic diversity and functional trait variation control biodiversity effects on biomass production, we summarized the results of 29 grassland plant experiments where both the phylogeny of plant species used in the experiments is well described and where extensive trait data are available. Functional trait variation was only partially related to phylogenetic distances between species, and the resulting FD values therefore correlate only partially with PD. Despite these differences, FD and PD predicted biodiversity effects across all experiments with similar strength, including in subsets that excluded plots with legumes and that focused on fertilization experiments. Two- and three-trait combinations of the five traits used here (leaf nitrogen percentage, height, specific root length, leaf mass per unit area, and nitrogen fixation) resulted in the FD values with the greatest predictive power. Both PD and FD can be valuable predictors of the effect of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning, which suggests that a focus on both community trait diversity and evolutionary history can improve understanding of the consequences of biodiversity loss. 相似文献
74.
Awan Ambreen Mehmood Majeed Wafa Muhammad Faqir Faisal Muhammad Naeem 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(35):52605-52617
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Acacia jacquemontii possess has numerous traditional therapeutic uses. The rationale of this study was to investigate the role of Acacia jacquemontii... 相似文献
75.
Li Wei Ullah Sana 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(36):54448-54455
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The main objective of this study is to investigate the impact of research and development (R&D) intensity on renewable energy consumption in... 相似文献
76.
Zarin Riaz Azmat Muhammad Naqvi Salman Raza Saddique Qaisar Ullah Saif 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(16):19726-19741
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Rapid population growth integrated with poor governance and urban planning is highly challenging resulting key for the selection of unsuitable... 相似文献
77.
Zhao Weijun Hafeez Muhammad Maqbool Adnan Ullah Sana Sohail Sidra 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(37):51199-51209
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - With rapid economic growth, BRICS is facing enormous burdens of carbon emission and severe issues of income inequality. However, behind this economic... 相似文献
78.
Sohail Muhammad Tayyab Ullah Sana Majeed Muhammad Tariq Usman Ahmed 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(23):29046-29055
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Modern advances in nonlinear modeling have exposed that nonlinear models yield more robust results compared with linear models. Research on the effect... 相似文献
79.
Sohail Muhammad Tayyab Ullah Sana Majeed Muhammad Tariq Usman Ahmed Andlib Zubaria 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(23):29265-29275
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study explores the symmetric and asymmetric effects of the shadow economy on clean energy and air pollution of South Asian countries over the... 相似文献
80.
Naz Saima Hussain Riaz Ullah Qudrat Chatha Ahmad Manan Mustafa Shaheen Ansar Khan Rifat Ullah 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(6):6533-6539
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The current study was conducted to assess the hematological and histopathological changes in major carp (Catla catla) exposed to different... 相似文献