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481.
482.
Yan Wang Caiting Li Lingkui Zhao Yin’e Xie Xunan Zhang Guangming Zeng Huiyu Wu Jie Zhang 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(6):5099-5110
Fe2O3 and CeO2 modified activated coke (AC) synthesized by the equivalent-volume impregnation were employed to remove elemental mercury (Hg0) from simulated flue gas at a low temperature. Effects of the mass ratio of Fe2O3 and CeO2, reaction temperature, and individual flue gas components including O2, NO, SO2, and H2O (g) on Hg0 removal efficiency of impregnated AC were investigated. The samples were characterized by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results showed that with optimal mass percentage of 3 % Fe2O3 and 3 % CeO2 on Fe3Ce3/AC, the Hg0 removal efficiency could reach an average of 88.29 % at 110 °C. Besides, it was observed that O2 and NO exhibited a promotional effect on Hg0 removal, H2O (g) exerted a suppressive effect, and SO2 showed an insignificant inhibition without O2 to some extent. The analysis of XPS indicated that the main species of mercury on used Fe3Ce3/AC was HgO, which implied that adsorption and catalytic oxidation were both included in Hg0 removal. Furthermore, the lattice oxygen, chemisorbed oxygen, and/or weakly bonded oxygen species made a contribution to Hg0 oxidation. 相似文献
483.
This study aims to analyse the heavy metal pollutants in Jeddah, the second largest city in the Gulf Cooperation Council with a population exceeding 3.5 million, and many vehicles. Ninety-eight street dust samples were collected seasonally from the six major roads as well as the Jeddah Beach, and subsequently digested using modified Leeds Public Analyst method. The heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Cd, and Pb) were extracted from the ash using methyl isobutyl ketone as solvent extraction and eventually analysed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Multivariate statistical techniques, principal component analysis (PCA), and hierarchical cluster analysis were applied to these data. Heavy metal concentrations were ranked according to the following descending order: Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu > Pb > Cd. In order to study the pollution and health risk from these heavy metals as well as estimating their effect on the environment, pollution indices, integrated pollution index, enrichment factor, daily dose average, hazard quotient, and hazard index were all analysed. The PCA showed high levels of Zn, Fe, and Cd in Al Kurnish road, while these elements were consistently detected on King Abdulaziz and Al Madina roads. The study indicates that high levels of Zn and Pb pollution were recorded for major roads in Jeddah. Six out of seven roads had high pollution indices. This study is the first step towards further investigations into current health problems in Jeddah, such as anaemia and asthma. 相似文献
484.
为预测中短波广播发射台的电磁辐射环境影响,根据国家相关电磁辐射标准,研究和分析了中短波广播发射台电磁辐射环境影响理论预测模型,编辑了中短波发射台电磁辐射环境影响计算分析程序,验证发现实际监测符合理论预测.实例计算了中短波发射台周围的电磁辐射影响,表明程序的计算结果可用于指导中短波发射台周围的建设. 相似文献
485.
Jason S. Bergtold Marcellus M. Caldas Ana Claudia Sant’anna Gabriel Granco Vanessa Rickenbrode 《Journal of Land Use Science》2017,12(6):442-456
The expansion of sugarcane production in the Brazilian Cerrado has resulted in indirect land use change (ILUC), occurring when displaced land uses in one location are reallocated to another. Studies, however, usually identify ILUC at the regional or national level far from the original area of a displaced land use. This study examines the occurrence of ILUC due to sugarcane expansion for ethanol production at the farm level in the Brazilian Cerrado. It fills a gap in the literature by examining socioeconomic, policy and farm-level factors that influence ILUC at the farm level in the Brazilian Cerrado using face-to-face enumerated surveys. Results indicate that ILUC did occur at the farm (producer) scale and farmers who undertook ILUC intensified agricultural production on their farms. Results inform policymakers on how the intensification of agricultural practices may make it potentially difficult to keep protected lands out of production, reducing the environmental benefits from sugarcane-based biofuel production. 相似文献
486.
Paul H. O’Neill 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(9):1243-1244
Abstract In this investigation, the collection efficiency of particulate emission control devices (PECDs), particulate matter (PM) emissions, and PM size distribution were determined experimentally at the inlet and outlet of PECDs at five coal-fired power plants. Different boilers, coals, and PECDs are used in these power plants. Measurement in situ was performed by an electrical low-pressure impactor with a sampling system, which consisted of an isokinetic sampler probe, precut cyclone, and two-stage dilution system with a sample line to the instruments. The size distribution was measured over a range from 0.03 to 10 µm. Before and after all of the PECDs, the particle number size distributions display a bimodal distribution. The PM2.5 fraction emitted to atmosphere includes a significant amount of the mass from the coarse particle mode. The controlled and uncontrolled emission factors of total PM, inhalable PM (PM10), and fine PM P(M2.5) were obtained. Electrostatic precipitator (ESP) and baghouse total collection efficiencies are 96.38–99.89% and 99.94%, respectively. The minimum collection efficiency of the ESP and the baghouse both appear in the particle size range of 0.1–1 µm. In this size range, ESP and baghouse collection efficiencies are 85.79–98.6% and 99.54%. Real-time measurement shows that the mass and number concentration of PM10 will be greatly affected by the operating conditions of the PECDs. The number of emitted particles increases with increasing boiler load level because of higher combustion temperature. During test run periods, the data reproducibility is satisfactory. 相似文献
487.
Stuart M. Dalton Barbara Toole-O’Neil Brian K. Gullett Charles J. Drummond 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(8):1110-1117
The 1991 SO2 Control Symposium was held December 3-6, 1991, in Washington, D.C. The symposium, jointly sponsored by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), focused attention on recent improvements in conventional sulfur dioxide (SO2) control technologies, emerging processes, and strategies for complying with the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. Its purpose was to provide a forum for the exchange of technical and regulatory information on SO2 control technology. Over 800 representatives of 20 countries from government, academia, flue gas desulfurization (FGD) process suppliers, equipment manufacturers, engineering firms, and utilities attended. In all, 50 U.S. utilities and 10 utilities in other countries were represented. In 11 technical sessions, a diverse group of speakers presented 111 technical papers on development, operation, and commercialization of wet and dry FGD, Clean Coal Technologies, and combined sulfur dioxide/nitrogen oxides (SO2/NOx processes. 相似文献
488.
489.
Ecosystem-based Management (EBM) is an approach that includes different management priorities and requires a balance between
anthropogenic and ecological resource demands. Indicators can be used to monitor ecosystem status and trends, and assess whether
projects and/or programs are leading to the achievement of management goals. As such, the careful selection of a suite of
indicators is a crucial exercise. In this paper we describe an indicator evaluation and selection process designed to support
the EBM approach in Puget Sound. The first step in this process was the development of a general framework for selecting indicators.
The framework, designed to transparently include both scientific and policy considerations into the selection and evaluation
process, was developed and then utilized in the organization and determination of a preliminary set of indicators. Next, the
indicators were assessed against a set of nineteen distinct criteria that describe the model characteristics of an indicator.
A literature review was performed for each indicator to determine the extent to which it satisfied each of the evaluation
criteria. The result of each literature review was summarized in a numerical matrix, allowing comparison, and demonstrating
the extent of scientific reliability. Finally, an approach for ranking indicators was developed to explore the effects of
intended purpose on indicator selection. We identified several sets of scientifically valid and policy-relevant indicators
that included metrics such as annual-7 day low flow and water system reliability, which are supportive of the EBM approach
in the Puget Sound. 相似文献
490.
Koffi L. Dagnon Christopher Thellen Jo Ann Ratto Nandika A. D’Souza 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2010,18(4):510-522
The degradation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) (P(3HB-co-4HB)) coated brown Kraft paper and its components in a constructed soil environment was investigated. Soil burial tests were
carried out over 8 weeks. Weight loss measurements, photographic analysis, environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM),
dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were conducted to assess the physical, structural,
mechanical and thermal behavior before and after the soil burial test. Paper showed the highest physical degradation and weight
loss. With respect to the control samples, the stiffness of the partially degraded samples decreased. The overall crystallinity
of the biopolymer and the coated paper was affected significantly by burial. The pure biopolymer’s weight loss was substantially
enhanced when coated on paper. This result reveals a possible increased microbial population in the coated paper relative
to the pure biopolymer. 相似文献