排序方式: 共有14条查询结果,搜索用时 296 毫秒
11.
Phytomining involves the extraction of metals from solid and liquid substrates using specially selected hyperaccumulating plants. Phytomining is commercially motivated, the objective being to produce a viable metal yield, at production costs low enough to compete with traditional mining techniques, e.g. heap leaching. In this work we assess the technical feasibility of nickel and gold phytomining in Australia by identifying possible sites, plant species most suited to these regions and methods of recovering the metals from the plants once sequestered. We then investigate the economic viability using published technical and financial models. In the near term, phytomining appears most viable where there are comparatively high metal concentrations around existing mines and mineral processing plants, e.g. near tailings dams or smelters, and in recovering metals from low grade ores considered unprofitable using conventional techniques. Phytomining has the added advantage of improving the quality of the land following completion of the operation. The indicative profitability for a Ni phytomine in Australia is predicted to be ~11,500 AU$/ha/harvest, using the hyperaccumulator Berkheya coddii on nickel rich serpentine soils and with energy generation from the harvested biomass. For Au, a profit of ~26,000 AU$/ha/harvest is predicted using induced accumulation (with thiocyanate) with a crop of Brassica juncea coupled with energy generation from the harvested biomass. In both cases, profitability is most sensitive to the metal price and the extractable metal content. 相似文献
12.
13.
Enhancing Conservation,Ecosystem Services,and Local Livelihoods through a Wildlife Premium Mechanism
Eric Dinerstein Keshav Varma Eric Wikramanayake George Powell Susan Lumpkin Robin Naidoo Mike Korchinsky Christian Del Valle Shubash Lohani John Seidensticker Dirk Joldersma Thomas Lovejoy Andrey Kushlin 《Conservation biology》2013,27(1):14-23
We propose the wildlife premium mechanism as an innovation to conserve endangered large vertebrates. The performance‐based payment scheme would allow stakeholders in lower‐income countries to generate revenue by recovering and maintaining threatened fauna that can also serve as umbrella species (i.e., species whose protection benefits other species with which they co‐occur). There are 3 possible options for applying the premium: option 1, embed premiums in a carbon payment; option 2, link premiums to a related carbon payment, but as independent and legally separate transactions; option 3, link premiums to noncarbon payments for conserving ecosystem services (PES). Each option presents advantages, such as incentive payments to improve livelihoods of rural poor who reside in or near areas harboring umbrella species, and challenges, such as the establishment of a subnational carbon credit scheme. In Kenya, Peru, and Nepal pilot premium projects are now underway or being finalized that largely follow option 1. The Kasigau (Kenya) project is the first voluntary carbon credit project to win approval from the 2 leading groups sanctioning such protocols and has already sold carbon credits totaling over $1.2 million since June 2011. A portion of the earnings is divided among community landowners and projects that support community members and has added over 350 jobs to the local economy. All 3 projects involve extensive community management because they occur on lands where locals hold the title or have a long‐term lease from the government. The monitoring, reporting, and verification required to make premium payments credible to investors include transparent methods for collecting data on key indices by trained community members and verification of their reporting by a biologist. A wildlife premium readiness fund would enable expansion of pilot programs needed to test options beyond those presented here. Mejora de la Conservación, Servicios del Ecosistema y Calidad de Vida Local Mediante un Mecanismo de Compensación de Vida Silvestre 相似文献
14.
Naidoo Kristina Chuturgoon Anil Cliff Geremy Singh Sanil Ellis Megan Otway Nicholas Vosloo Andre Gregory Michael 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(20):16798-16805
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - We studied the possible metal offloading onto the progeny of three pregnant female ragged-tooth sharks (Carcharias taurus) (C. taurus). The presences... 相似文献