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61.
水中汞监测存在的问题与解决办法 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
利用中日合作 (JICA)项目资金 ,对测定地表水中汞存在的主要问题 ,如水样的保存和处理 ,水样的消解 ,测汞的冷原子吸收法和原子荧光法等进行了研究。通过对 33个环境监测站的样品考核 ,发现测定结果与标准值相比 ,偏高的数据达 75 %以上。提出了用 1%H2 SO4 和 0 1%K2 Cr2 O7保存水样最好 ;高锰酸钾 -过硫酸钾消解法适用于消解含有机物、悬浮物和组成复杂的废水样 ,高锰酸钾 -硫酸消解法适用于消解被有机物轻度污染的废水 ,溴酸钾 -溴化钾消解法适用于消解地表水和含较少有机物的生活污水及工业废水。研究表明 :尤以硫酸 -高锰酸钾 -过硫酸钾消解体系消解地表水和废水效果良好。对冷原子吸收法和原子荧光法中影响汞测定的因素 ,如空白值高、干扰物的消除、载气种类和流量、反应瓶体积和气液比以及反应时间等提出了详尽的解决方法 相似文献
62.
63.
Wittaya Chuajiw Mitsuru Nakano Kazumasa Takatori Toshiya Kojim Yoshiki Wakimoto Yoshiaki Fukushima 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2013,25(12):2507-2515
The amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) absorption and calcium ion (Ca^2+) concentration besides the pH of aqueous solution were observed during the COz absorption to precipitate calcium carbonate (CaCO3) from calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2). A reaction rate-limiting effect of an amount of CO2 absorption without any organic additives in the early stage of the precipitation was observed, which was attributed to an interruption effect of bicarbonate ion (HCO3) on the precipitation of CaCO3. The improvement for the reaction rate was achieved not only by amine additives but also by neutral additives such as ε-caprolactam or amine salt. When the hexamethylene diamine was dissolved in the solution, successive change of crystal forms of CaCO3 aragonite to calcite in aqueous suspensions, confirmed by Ca^2+ concentration change and X-ray diffraction, was concluded that a local environment around the amine group in aqueous solution and an interaction of the diamine with precipitated CaCO3 particles were important factors for these reactions. 相似文献
64.
Masami Obuchi Yoshihisa Fujita Yoshikatsu Nakano Tsuyoshi Uehara Tatsuo Motokawa 《Marine Biology》2010,157(6):1191-1201
Reproduction and larval/post-larval development of the one of the smallest known comatulid Dorometra sesokonis were studied on the coral reefs of Sesoko-jima Island, Okinawa, Japan. Breeding individuals were found every month from May
2003 to April 2004 indicating continuous reproduction. Individuals possessed both mature ovaries and testes, and were therefore
characterized as simultaneous hermaphrodites. This species was observed to be an external brooder in which the embryos developed
on the surface of parental genital pinnules until the doliolaria larval stage, and subsequently released doliolariae settled
on substrata within 4 days after hatching. Larvae then metamorphosed into the post-larval cystidean stage, which lasted for
more than a month. The reproductive features of this species are unique among crinoids, and, together with juvenile morphological
features observed in adults, can be interpreted as adaptations to their cryptic habitat, which is subject to frequent natural
disturbances. 相似文献
65.
66.
Shiro Tsuyuzaki 《Environmental management》1995,19(5):773-777
To determine the status of the vegetation of ski slopes in northeastern-central Honshu, Japan, 94 plots (2×2 m) were set up
on five ski areas (101–520 m elevation) which were established between 1945 and 1985 by forest clear-cutting, land modification,
and seeding. Six vegetation types were recognized: five grasslands dominated byDigitaria adscendens, Miscanthus sinensis, Zoysia japonica, Festuca rubra, andPteridium aquilinum var.latiusculum, respectively, and bare areas of very low to no vegetation cover. Of the dominant species,F. rubra is the only introduced species; it does not, however, appear to persist. After the introduced grassland declinesM. sinensis or annual grasslands develop. Native plants, especially woody species, can establish inM. sinensis grassland but do not establish in the other grasslands. It is concluded that the introduction of exotic species is inappropriate
to maintain ski slope vegetation, and the development ofM. sinensis grassland is desirable to promote natural revegetation. 相似文献
67.
Eiko Obuchi Masaki Suyama Katsuyuki Nakano 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2001,3(2):88-92
The catalytic decomposition of mixed plastics consisting of polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) has been
investigated over titania/silica catalysts at 698 K. The yield of oil produced was about 70%, and the large amounts of C18+ hydrocarbons this contained was from the aromatics in PET. Gas was also produced, including C3–C5 hydrocarbons. The carbon-number fractions in the oil was influenced by the PET/(PP + PET) ratios and the catalyst weight.
The titania/silica catalysts could be used repeatedly, and after they had been fouled, could be regenerated. From the Fourier
Transform Infrared (FT–IR) spectroscopic data of adsorbed pyridine on the catalyst surface, most of the acid sites of the
titania/silica catalysts were found to be Lewis sites where the hydride abstracted from PP pyrolysates react with PET pyrolysates
to form oil and gas.
Received: July 19, 2000 / Accepted: October 20, 2000 相似文献
68.
N. Shikazono K. Tatewaki K. M. Mohiuddin T. Nakano H. M. Zakir 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2012,34(1):13-26
Sediments of the Tamagawa River in central Japan were studied to explain the spatial variation, to identify the sources of heavy metals, and to evaluate the anthropogenic influence on these pollutants in the river. Sediment samples were collected from 20 sites along the river (five upstream, four midstream, and 11 downstream). Heavy metal concentrations, viz. chromium, nickel, copper, zinc, lead, cadmium, and molybdenum, in the samples were measured using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy. The chemical speciations of heavy metals in the sediments were identified by the widely used five-step Hall method. Lead isotopes were analyzed to identify what portion is contributed by anthropogenic sources. The total heavy metal concentrations were compared with global averages for continental crust (shale) and average values for Japanese river sediments. The mean heavy metal concentrations were higher in downstream sediments than in upstream and midstream samples, and the concentrations in the silt samples were higher than those in the sand samples. Speciation results demonstrate that, for chromium and nickel, the residual fractions were dominant. These findings imply that the influence of anthropogenic chromium and nickel contamination is negligible, while copper, zinc, and lead were mostly extracted in the non-residual fraction (metals in adsorbed/exchangeable/carbonate forms or bound to amorphous Fe oxyhydroxides, crystalline Fe oxides, or organic matter), indicating that these elements have high chemical mobility. The proportion of lead (Pb) isotopes in the downstream silt samples indicates that Pb accumulation is primarily derived from anthropogenic sources. 相似文献
69.
Nakano R Ishikawa Y Tatsuki S Surlykke A Skals N Takanashi T 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2006,93(6):292-296
Although sex pheromone communication in the genus Ostrinia (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) has been studied intensively, acoustic communication in this genus has not been explored. In this
study, we report that male-produced ultrasound serves as a courtship song in the Asian corn borer moth, O. furnacalis. Upon landing close to a pheromone-releasing female, a male showed a series of courtship behaviors involving emission of
ultrasound. The sounds were produced when the wings were vibrated quickly in an upright position. The male song was composed
of chirps, i.e., groups of pulses (duration of a chirp = 58.9 ms, 8.8 pulses/chirp), with a broadband frequency of 25–100 kHz.
In flight tunnel experiments, deaf and hearing females showed a significant difference in the incidence of three behavioral
responses to courting males, i.e., immediate acceptance, acceptance after walking, and rejection. Deaf females showed more
‘rejection’ and less ‘acceptance after walking’ than hearing females, indicating that the detection of male-produced ultrasound
plays an important role in the acceptance of a male. The findings are discussed in the context of exploitation of receiver
bias and mate choice. 相似文献
70.
Yamaguchi N Nakano M Tanida H Fujiwara H Kihou N 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2006,86(2):212-226
In order to elucidate the cause for the leaching of iodine in a flooded paddy field, we investigated the transformation of an iodine species affected by the water management of the paddy field. The increased concentration of iodide (I(-)) in soil solution of a flooded paddy field suggested that I(-) was leached from the soil under anaerobic conditions. The post-edge feature of X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) for iodate (IO(3)(-)) spiked to soil totally disappeared after anaerobic incubation of the soils, and I(-) was dissolved in the solution. On the other hand, I(-) in contact with the soil was not likely to be oxidized to IO(3)(-) under aerobic incubation. Iodine was leached out in soil solution as I(-) under anaerobic conditions, whereas part of the iodine species was retained by soil as I(2) or organoiodine both under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. 相似文献