微囊藻毒素污染控制技术的研究进展

主要对水环境中微囊藻毒素污染的产生、毒性和去除方法进行了综述,在如何高效去除MCs方面具有重要意义.     

天然气引射调峰系统的噪声形成及其治理研究

采用天然气引射调峰技术,能使上海某储配站10台天然气高压球罐的储气调峰能率提高68%,大大有助于解决天然气用气高峰时的供需平衡问题,并能节约初投资人民币1亿元.但使用超音速引射器后,当球罐压力下降到某一值时会产生高频噪声,影响管束区操作环境.本文分析了噪声产生的原因,提出了合理的噪声治理方案,并进行了方案的实施.实践证明:噪声治理效果良好,降低了管束区噪声污染,达到了国家"工业企业噪声卫生标准".     

卧式螺旋污泥好氧动态堆肥技术的研究

利用卧式螺旋式污泥好氧堆肥装置进行间歇式动态堆肥,对污水厂厌氧消化污泥进行了中温堆肥试验研究.通过控制各组堆肥的含水率、物料配比和通气量,重点探讨各种条件下堆体温度与有机物降解的关系.试验结果表明,厌氧消化污泥以木屑为调理剂在装置中可以实现好氧堆肥处理,其适宜的物料控制参数为:污泥:木屑=10:1～1.5(湿重比),堆肥含水率50%～60%;过程控制参数为:通风量为6.7～8.3 m3/h·t,发酵周期为8 d,温度45℃.     

侧联式球磨机的噪声控制

介绍了侧联式球磨机噪声产生原理及其噪声控制方法,选择了制作局部式隔声罩的噪声控制设计和装置结构.在中国铝业中州分公司热电厂球磨机上应用,取得了很好的隔声效果.     

连续流分段进水生物脱氮工艺控制要点及优化

主要介绍了分段进水生物脱氮工艺的系统工作原理及工艺特性,并探讨了该工艺运行操作和设计的几个重要影响因素,如进水流量分配比、溶解氧、污泥回流比、C/N比等,并在此基础上讨论了分段进水生物脱氮工艺的优化控制对策.     

人工湿地处理系统中多环芳烃的行为

采用Oasis HLB柱固相萃取的前处理技术,以气相色谱质谱联用仪(GC/MS)的分析方法,对我国北方永定河上游黑土洼人工湿地中多环芳烃污染的特征以及分布规律进行了研究.结果表明,该湿地系统以低环数多环芳烃污染为主,其中浓度最高的是菲和蒽,未检出高环数(5环、6环)多环芳烃.通过比较进水和出水的浓度,湿地系统总体上不能有效去除进水中的多环芳烃.但是比较不同工艺单元进出水浓度,复氧、植物根系及微生物等均影响到多环芳烃的去除效果,去除率在28%～65%之间.     

粉末活性炭对膜过滤性能的影响

向一体式膜生物反应器中投加粉末活性炭(PAC),可以显著提高膜的过滤性能,有效缓解膜的污染.研究结果表明:投加PAC的吸附作用减少了由于胞外聚合物(EPS)而引起的膜污染;膜表面PAC颗粒的存在减小了浓差极化层的厚度和水力边界层的厚度,提高了过滤物质的传递速率;膜表面形成的PAC层还可过滤微生物和胶体颗粒,减少了它们到达膜表面的数量.     

电极材料对电解法处理循环式准好氧垃圾填埋场渗滤液效果的影响研究

分别用3种不同材料电极（不锈钢、Ti／Pt和Ti／RuO2-IrO2）作阳极、石墨电极作阴极在同一条件下分别对循环式准好氧填埋垃圾场渗滤液进行电解处理对比研究。研究结果表明，随着电解时间的变化，渗滤液中的COD、BOD5、BOD5／COD、重金属离子浓度、色度和pH值均会发生改变。当电解时间为10—20min时，用上述3种电极作阳极电解均会出现渗滤液COD、BOD5、BOD5／COD增大的现象；当电解时间为30—40min时，用Ti／RuO2-IrO2或Ti／Pt电极作阳极电解均可使渗滤液的色度降为0；当电解时间为120min时，分别用3种电极作阳极电解都可使渗滤液中的COD、BOD5和重金属得到有效的去除，其中用Ti／RuO2-IrO2电极作阳极电解对COD、BOD5的去除效果最好：用Ti／Pt电极作阳极电解对Pb^2＋的去除效果最好。     

HCHs and DDTs in sediment-dwelling animals from the Yangtze Estuary, China

HCHs and DDTs in sediment-dwelling animals including mollusks and crabs from the Yangtze Estuary were determined by GC-ECD. Levels of t-HCH were in the range of 1.2-5.5 ng g(-1) and averaged 3.5 ng g(-1) in mollusks, while t-DDT concentrations ranged from 26.0 to 68.8 ng g(-1), with a mean of 34.5 ng g(-1). In crabs t-HCH concentrations varied from 2.0 to 25.7 ng g(-1) and averaged 13.8 ng g(-1), whereas the concentrations of t-DDT were in the range of 1.5-24.8 ng g(-1) with a mean value of 5.9 ng g(-1). The HCHs and DDTs levels depend on geographical position and sources, showing the high levels at fresh water area in the estuary, such as XP, CM and LHK sites, and lower at brackish water area, such as FX site, and little difference between species. Results also indicate there was no significant relationship between t-HCH (t-DDT) concentrations and lipid contents both in mollusks and crabs because of non-equilibrium state under a specific estuarine dynamics; smaller individuals accumulated more HCHs and DDTs than larger individuals of mollusks at LHK site, showing different uptake rate for these pesticides; moreover, HCHs and DDTs levels were lower in female crab bodies than male crab bodies suggesting that the release of spawning. BSAFs (Biota- Sediment Accumulation Factors) from sediment-dwelling animals for HCHs and DDTs show a significant "one high with two low" and "one low with two high" effect in the Yangtze Estuary.     

Characterizing the risk assessment of heavy metals and sampling uncertainty analysis in paddy field by geostatistics and GIS

For many practical problems in environmental management, information about soil heavy metals, relative to threshold values that may be of practical importance is needed at unsampled sites. The Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou (HJH) Plain has always been one of the most important rice production areas in Zhejiang province, China, and the soil heavy metal concentration is directly related to the crop quality and ultimately the health of people. Four hundred and fifty soil samples were selected in topsoil in HJH Plain to characterize the spatial variability of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr and Cd. Ordinary kriging and lognormal kriging were carried out to map the spatial patterns of heavy metals and disjunctive kriging was used to quantify the probability of heavy metal concentrations higher than their guide value. Cokriging method was used to minimize the sampling density for Cu, Zn and Cr. The results of this study could give insight into risk assessment of environmental pollution and decision-making for agriculture.