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71.
Mojca Loncnar Marija Zupančič Peter Bukovec Maja Zupančič Justin 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2010,30(1):110-118
Recirculation of leachate on a covered landfill site planted with willows or other highly evapotranspirative woody plants is an inexpensive option for leachate management. In our study, a closed landfill leachate recirculation system was established on a rehabilitated municipal solid waste landfill site with planted landfill cover. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the sustainability of the system with regard to high hydraulic loads of the landfill leachate on the landfill cover and high concentrations of saline ions, especially potassium (K+), sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl?), in leachate.The results of intensive monitoring, implemented during May 2004 and September 2007, including leachate, soil and plant samples, showed a high sustainability of the system regarding saline ions with the precipitation regime of the studied region. Saline ion concentrations in leachates varied between 132 and 2592 mg Cl? L?1, 69 and 1310 mg Na+ L?1 and between 66 and 2156 mg K+ L?1, with mean values of 1010, 632 and 686 mg L?1, respectively. Soil salinity, measured as soil electrical conductivity (EC), remained between 0.17 and 0.38 mS cm?1 at a depth between 0 and 90 cm. An average annual precipitation of 1000 mm provided sufficient leaching of saline ions, loaded by irrigation with landfill leachate, from the soil of the landfill cover and thus prevented possible salinity shocks to the planted willows. 相似文献
72.
Dejana Kosanović Jelena Vukojević Mirjana Stajić Emil Rekanović Miloš Stepanović 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(8):607-613
Trichoderma species, the causal agents of green mould disease, induce great losses in Agaricus bisporus farms. Fungicides are widely used to control mushroom diseases although green mould control is encumbered with difficulties. The aims of this study were, therefore, to research in vitro toxicity of several commercial fungicides to Trichoderma isolates originating from Serbian and Bosnia-Herzegovina farms, and to evaluate the effects of pH and light on their growth. The majority of isolates demonstrated optimal growth at pH 5.0, and the rest at pH 6.0. A few isolates also grew well at pH 7. The weakest mycelial growth was noted at pH 8.0–9.0. Generally, light had an inhibitory effect on the growth of tested isolates. The isolates showed the highest susceptibility to chlorothalonil and carbendazim (ED50 less than 1 mg L?1), and were less sensitive to iprodione (ED50 ranged 0.84–6.72 mg L?1), weakly resistant to thiophanate-methyl (ED50 = 3.75–24.13 mg L?1), and resistant to trifloxystrobin (ED50 = 10.25–178.23 mg L?1). Considering the toxicity of fungicides to A. bisporus, carbendazim showed the best selective toxicity (0.02), iprodione and chlorothalonil moderate (0.16), and thiophanate-methyl the lowest (1.24), while trifloxystrobin toxicity to A. bisporus was not tested because of its inefficiency against Trichoderma isolates. 相似文献
73.
Cysteine as a green corrosion inhibitor for Cu37Zn brass in neutral and weakly alkaline sulphate solutions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Milan B. Radovanović Marija B. Petrović Ana T. Simonović Snežana M. Milić Milan M. Antonijević 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(7):4370-4381
The aim of this study was to investigate electrochemical properties of brass in neutral and weakly alkaline solutions in the presence of cysteine as a nontoxic and ecological corrosion inhibitor. Potentiodynamic measurements, open circuit potential measurements, as well as chronoamperometric measurements were the methods used during investigation of the inhibitory effect of cysteine on the corrosion behaviour of brass. Potentiodynamic measurements showed that cysteine behaves as a mixed-type inhibitor in the investigated media. Based on polarization curves for brass in a weakly alkaline solution of sodium sulphate at varying cysteine concentrations, an interaction occurs between Cu+ ions and the inhibitor, resulting in the formation of a protective complex on the electrode surface. The results of chronoamperometric measurements confirm the results obtained by potentiodynamic measurements. Optical microphotography of the brass surface also confirms the formation of a protective film in the presence of a 1?×?10?4 mol/dm3 cysteine. Adsorption of cysteine on the brass surface proceeds according to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. 相似文献
74.
An Experiment in Participative Environmental Decision Making 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Summary The paper presents a method of participatory decision-making involving the authorities at local level, experts and the public.
It studies how to solve the problems caused by the heterogeneity of the parties taking part in the decision-making process.
The method builds on mutual learning and consideration among the participants following a systematic approach led by a moderator.
The method was tested at a workshop simulating a real-life situation. The test case studied at the workshop was the problem
of identifying the best site for a low and intermediate level radioactive waste repository among three alternatives. The learning
phase was the Krško Nuclear Power Plant cooling problem. The results show that the participants were able to reach agreement
on the prioritisation of the alternatives and to end up with suprisingly complex and fully reasonable decision models. We
believe that this was achieved particularly due to the well defined procedure that guided the decision-making process, and
the ability of all participants to see the influence of their views on the decision model. 相似文献
75.
The continuing existence of zoos and their good purposes such as conservation, science, education, and recreation, can be
ethically justified only if zoos guarantee the welfare of their animals. The usual criteria for measuring animal welfare in
zoos are physical health, long life, and reproduction. This paper looks at these criteria and finds them insufficient. Additional
criteria are submitted to expand the range of welfare considerations: natural and abnormal behavior; freedom and choice; and
dignity. All these criteria should play a role in analyzing zoo animal welfare and interests but dignity has the overriding
part because it impacts on both animal and human interests. 相似文献
76.
Jiří Pšeja Hana Charvátová Petr Hruzík Josef Hrnčiřík Jan Kupec 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2006,14(2):185-190
The presented work deals with blends composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and biopolymers (protein hydrolysate, starch, lignin). PVA does not belong to biologically inert plastics but its degradation rate (particularly under anaerobic conditions) is low. A potential solution to the issue problem lies in preparation of blends with readily degradable substrates. We studied degradation of blow-molded films made of commercial PVA and mentioned biopolymers in an aqueous anaerobic environment employing inoculation with digested activated sludge from the municipal wastewater treatment plant. Films prepared in the first experimental series were to be used for comparing biodegradation of blends modified with native or plasticized starch; in this case effect of plasticization was not proved. The degree of PVA degradation after modification with native or plasticized starch increases in a striking and practically same manner already at a starch level as low as approximately 5 wt.%. Films of the second experimental series were prepared as additionally modified with protein hydrolysate and lignin. Only lignin-modified samples exhibited a somewhat lower degree of biodegradation but regarding the measure of lignin present in blend this circumstance is not essential. Level of biodegradation with all discussed films differed only slightly—within range of experimental error. 相似文献
77.
The aim of this work was (i) to determine the activity levels of 137Cs in mosses from highland ecosystems of Serbia and Montenegro, (ii) to find out if radiocesium is associated with essential biomacromolecules, and (iii) to investigate 137Cs distribution among intracellular compartments. It was found that biomolecules of mosses do not bind significant amounts of radiocesium (2.3-3.3% of the absorbed 137Cs), a behavior that was independent of the moss species. Cellular fractionation of mosses showed that membranes are the primary 137Cs-binding sites at the cellular level. They contained 26.1-43.1% of the initial radiocesium activity. It seems that 137Cs-binding molecules in different mosses are of similar chemical nature, and their distribution between various cellular compartments is not species specific. 相似文献
78.
Radon concentrations were continuously measured outdoors, in the living room and in the basement at 10 min intervals for a month. Radon time series were analyzed by comparing algorithms to extract phase space dynamical information. The application of fractal methods enabled exploration of the chaotic nature of radon in atmosphere. The computed fractal dimensions, such as the Hurst exponent (H) from the rescaled range analysis, Lyapunov exponent (lambda) and attractor dimension, provided estimates of the degree of chaotic behavior. The obtained low values of the Hurst exponent (0 < H < 0.5) indicated anti-persistent behavior (non-random changes) of the time series, but the positive values of lambda pointed out the grate sensitivity on initial conditions and the deterministic chaos that appeared due to radon time variations. The calculated fractal dimensions of attractors indicated more influencing (meteorological) parameters on radon in the atmosphere. 相似文献
79.
The size and isotopic behavior of sulfur pools in210Pb-dated peat cores were investigated to obtain aninsight into retention mechanisms of pollutant S in twomountain-top peatlands of the Northern Czech Republic, CentralEurope. The bogs were situated 40 km apart in an area whichbetween the years 1985 and 1995 received as much as 130 kg Sha-1 yr-1 from the atmosphere. Vertical peataccretion was faster at Pod Jelení horou (JH) than atVelký moál (VM). Organic carbon-bonded S was themost abundant sulfur pool, constituting 77 and 65 wt. % at JHand VM, respectively. At JH both the S concentration maximumand the highest annual S deposition rate were displaceddownward by more than 20 years (from 1987 to the 1960s)indicating that the buried S is vertically mobile. At VM the Sconcentration was the highest in the topmost 2-cm section eventhough atmospheric S deposition peaked in 1987. Differentmechanisms of S isotope redistribution prevailed in thetopmost peat layers at JH, where a negative 34Sshift occurred, and at VM, where a positive 34Sshift occurred. Bacterial sulfate reduction was responsiblefor the negative 34S shift at JH. One possibleexplanation of the positive 34S shift at VM isrelease of 32S-enriched products of mineralization duringpeat diagenesis. There was a strong positive correlationbetween the abundance of total and pyrite S along the profiles.The presence of pyrite S at VM (526 ± 60 ppm) suggestedthat even at VM bacterial sulfate reduction occurred. Ananaerobic incubation of JH peat indicated sulfate reductionrate of 600 nmol g-1 day-1. The turnover times forinorganic S pools were shorter than for the organic S pools.Cumulative S contents in the Czech peat bogs were found to besignificantly lower than in similar sites in the NortheasternU.S., even though the atmospheric S inputs were more thanthree times higher at the Czech sites. Possible causes of suchdiscrepancy are discussed. 相似文献
80.
Radioactive contamination of wood and its products 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper presents research on radioactive contamination of the three most common kinds of wood in Croatia--beech, oak and fir as well as acorn. Gamma-spectrometric measurements carried out on the samples of bark and wood of beech, oak, fir and acorn have shown radioactivity contents ranging from 1.6 +/- 0.1 to 37.3 +/- 0.5 Bq/kg from deposited 137Cs, whose concentrations in the soil of Croatia have increased after the Chernobyl accident. Measurements have also shown the radioactivity originating from 40K and 214Bi, which are part of the natural composition of the soil. The distribution of the radionuclides in wood has been discussed, as well as the impact of radioactive contamination of wood by the artificial radionuclide 137Cs upon the forest ecosystem. According to the corresponding model, it has been calculated that a 10 h daily stay in a typical family house increases the annual radiation dose of the population, due to the deposited 137Cs in the structure or furniture, by 343 microSv. 相似文献