探究性教学在大学语文课程中的运用——以讲授苏轼《水调歌头》一课为例

《大学语文》作为高职高专的一门公共基础课,因其丰富的人文内蕴、情感价值和审美趣味而承担了进一步提高大学生人文素质、增进文化修养的功能,从而培养大学生具有深厚人文精神的理想人格。在《大学语文》教学活动中开展探究性教学,既是教育改革全面实施素质教育的客观要求,也是大学生自我提升的内在需要。以讲授苏轼的《水调歌头·明月几时有》一课为例,阐述如何在高职高专《大学语文》课程的教学活动中引导和组织学生开展探究性教学。     

Listening to locals on payments for environmental services

Payments for Environmental Services (PES) is gaining recognition worldwide as a serious option for conservation of ecosystems, as well as potentially improving the livelihoods of people providing environmental services. However, little attention has been paid to research on views of local people in their potential roles as service providers. In this research we explore perspectives of poor people living in a National Park in Vietnam, where introduction of PES is being considered. In-depth interviews and workshops were conducted – with strong emphasis on the use of visual techniques, to help facilitate learning processes and provide insight into local perspectives. From the research, two models were developed to indicate general factors that influence the likelihood of people adopting, and adhering to, PES schemes. We suggest these models can be used to guide the design of PES. Our findings also reveal three main requirements important in design of pro-poor PES: (1) Thorough scoping studies for ensuring that schemes are based on sound understanding of potential providers' perspectives and context. (2) Such studies should emphasise qualitative research and draw on participatory tools, to facilitate open dialogue and co-learning by researchers and participants. (3) Policy makers should consider designing hybridized schemes, i.e., in which PES concepts are combined with integrated conservation and development.     

秘鲁亚马孙地区与毁林相联系的国家农业政策:Tambopata的案例研究,1986～1997

亚马孙流域的毁林速度随地区不同而异,其涨落由宏观经济政策和当地的社会因素而定.我们运用遥感和野外调查,研究了1986～1991年(当时有农村信贷和担保市场)和1991～1997年(其间施加了结构调整措施)秘鲁一边疆地区的毁林格局和原因.1986～1991年间,最高的毁林速度(总的比率1.5%)出现于道路两旁,1991～1997年,路旁的毁林速度下降(总的比率0.7%),同时,大面积的再生使森林覆被得以净增长(0.5%).河旁毁林速度相对稳定.直至今日,河旁农场还保留着更多的农田和森林,而路旁的农场则以牧场和演替生长为主.老住户要比新来者在农场保留更多的森林,但是对城市市场的邻近度是森林覆被最强的预测因子.未来的信贷计划必须反映出经济发展的空间格局和生态脆弱性,同时要有利于休耕地和次生林的恢复.     

Environmental ozone exposure and oxidative DNA damage in adult residents of Florence, Italy

In 71 adults residing in Florence, Italy, enrolled in a prospective study, we investigated the correlation between individual levels of oxidative DNA damage detected by the Comet assay in circulating lymphocytes, and a specific ozone exposure score calculated in 10 different time-windows (0-5 to 0-90 days) before blood drawing, based on daily measurements provided by the local environmental monitoring system.Overall, statistically significant positive correlations between average ozone concentrations and DNA damage emerged in almost all time-windows considered; correlations were more evident among males, non-smokers, and traffic-exposed workers. Multivariate regression analyses taking into account selected individual characteristics, showed an independent effect on DNA damage of average ozone concentrations in the last 60-90 days before blood drawing. Local residents showed a divergent pattern with correlations restricted to shorter time-windows.Our results suggest that ozone concentrations at ground levels modulate oxidative DNA damage in circulating lymphocytes of residents of polluted areas.