Impact of socioeconomic development on ecosystem services and its conservation strategies: a case study of Shandong Province,China

Ecosystems and their components provide a lot of benefits for the welfare of human beings. Coupled with increasing socioeconomic development, most of the rapidly developing and transitional countries and regions have been experiencing dramatic land use changes. This has resulted in a large amount of forestland, grassland, and wetland being occupied as residential and industrial land or reclaimed for arable land, which in turn results in a sharp deterioration of ecosystem services around the world. Shandong Province, an economically powerful province of China, was chosen as a case study in order to capture the impact of socioeconomic development on ecosystem services. By way of the study, land uses and their changes were categorized between 1980 and 2006, and the ecosystem services capital and changes of 111 counties of Shandong Province in different phases were evaluated, as well as the total ecosystem services capital, followed by the zoning of ecosystem services function region of Shandong Province. We found that the counties in mountainous areas and wetlands, where generally the prefectural-level cities are located with a rapid socioeconomic development, experienced a successive deterioration of ecosystem services especially during the 2000s. Finally, three conservation strategies for managing and improving ecosystem services were proposed and discussed with the aim of achieving coordinate and sustainable development of the socioeconomy, environment, and ecosystems not only in Shandong Province but also in other provinces of China, as well as in other developing and transitional countries and regions.     

红枫湖水库水体富营养化及浮游植物群落结构特征

2008-2009年通过对红枫湖水库浮游植物及环境因子进行采样调查,并运用综合营养状态指数对红枫湖水库营养状态进行评价.研究结果显示,红枫湖水库浮游植物全年以蓝藻、绿藻为主的优势种群落,且在2008-2009年经常性局部发生蓝藻水华:冬、春季节主要是水华束丝藻(Aphanizomenon flos-aquae)的蓝藻水华;夏季主要是微囊藻属(Microcystis)蓝藻水华;秋季浮游植物主要是颗粒直链藻(Melosira)和小环藻属(Cyclotella)为主的硅藻类群,未出现水华现象.通过综合营养状态指数计算得红枫湖水库水体水质处于富营养化状态.     

用“条件”水分平衡法分析湖北省干旱的时空分布规律

从“条件”水分平衡角度和农业生产实际情况出发，提出了一个综合考虑水分盈亏和同期作物需水量的干旱指标，并用此指标分析了湖北省１９６１－１９９０年３０年来的主要干旱类型的时空分布规律及对农业生产的影响。     

Transboundary hazardous waste management. Part I: Waste management policy of importing countries.

Mixed metal-containing waste, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) containing capacitors, printed circuit boards, steel mill dust and metal sludge were among the most common wastes exported from Taiwan. Before the implementation of the self-monitoring model programme of the Basel Convention (secretariat of the Basel Convention 2001) in the Asia region, Taiwan conducted a comprehensive 4-year follow-up project involving government authorities and the waste disposal facilities of the importing countries. A total of five countries and nine plants were visited in 2001-2002. The following outcomes can be drawn from these investigations. The Chinese government adopts the strategies of 'on-site processing' and 'relative centralization' on the waste management by tightening permitting and increasing site inspection. A three-level reviewing system is adopted for the import application. The United States have not signed the Basel Convention yet; the procedures of hazardous waste import rely on bilateral agreements. Importers are not required to provide official notification from the waste exporting countries. The operation, administration, monitoring and licensing of waste treatment plants are governed by the state environmental bureau. Finland, France and Belgium are members of the European Union. The procedures and policies of waste import are similar. All of the documents associated with transboundary movement require the approval of each government involved. Practically, the notification forms and tracking forms effectively manage the waste movement.     

基体改进效应用于石墨炉原子吸收测定水中四价和六价碲

本文介绍微克量铂、钯和铱作为基体改进剂测定碲(Ⅳ)和碲(Ⅵ).碲的允许灰化温度为1300℃,并研究了碲(Ⅳ)和碲(Ⅵ)的萃取性质.在此基础上提出了分别测定碲(Ⅳ)和碲(Ⅵ)的分析方法,碲(Ⅳ)借甲基异丁酮—碘化钾萃取和氨水反萃取.碲(Ⅵ)借盐酸煮沸还原为碲(Ⅳ),应用微克量铂钯或铱作基体改进剂.氨水进样,石墨炉原子吸收测定.若干水样分析结果指出,碲(Ⅳ)和碲(Ⅵ)的浓度分别为低于0.02ppb和0.03—0.06ppb,所推荐方法的灵敏度比文献报导值高2—3个数量级.     

黄土高原蒸发力的计算和应用——兼谈改善生态环境的途径

蒸发力是气候学上的一个重要特征量。在水利工程设计、灌溉定额的制定、农林牧的合理布局需要以蒸发力资料为依据。彭曼公式具有较可靠的物理基础和计算精度较高的优点,在国际上得到了广泛的应用。我国某些学者在运用该公式时,未考虑海拔高度对蒸发力的影响,因此在高海拔地区应用彭曼公式会产生较大的误差。 本文应用高度订正后的彭曼公式:计算了黄土高原地区的蒸发力。 森林减弱了近地层风速,降低了该地区的蒸发力,农田水分状况得到了改善。     

成都市环境污染源初探

选择成都某工矿企业,以元素地球化学评价为主体,利用X荧光分析方法对表层土、深层土、煤渣、煤灰、浮尘样的4个重金属元素进行定量分析,初步进行工矿企业周边生态环境评价,进而评价工矿企业对成都市环境的影响状况。研究结果表明,工矿企业燃媒是影响城市环境的一个主要污染源。     

福建省梅仙式块状硫化物矿床

梅仙式铅锌矿床是在大陆裂谷环境下形成的，有明显的块状硫化物矿床特征。矿化受震旦系龙北溪组绿片岩控制。矿体里似层状，与围岩产状一致。绿片岩原岩是一套含板内拉斑玄武岩的火山沉积建造。矿物组合和 Ｚｎ／Ｐｂ比值有分带性。层状矿体下盘有脉状、网脉状矿化和蚀变带。矿石有特征的结构构造。硫以幔源为主，铅是幔壳混合成因，矿液以海水成因为主．可能有少量雨水、岩浆水等渗入，反映物质的多来源和成矿受多种地质事件的叠加改造。本式矿床可与火山岩容矿型的加拿大新不伦瑞克省的块状硫化物矿床类比，也可作为广义华南型的一个亚型。     

从严治内强化管理把环境保护工作提高到新水平

较详细地介绍了燕化公司近几年运用经济杠杆，不断健全环保激励和约束机制，加强生产源头环保管理，积极开展清洁生产，使燕化地区环境质量不断改善的做法。     

处理化肥厂造气废水新型催化剂的研究

利用合成的氧化还原树脂进行了实际废水的处理 ,取得了良好的效果 ,开辟了废水处理的一条新途径。