Selecting Sites for Converting Farmlands to Wetlands in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China, Based on Remote Sensing and GIS

Wetlands in the Sanjiang Plain are rich in biodiversity and natural resources in the northeast of China. However, this wetland area has decreased in size and deteriorated in quality owing to expanded agricultural activities since the 1950s. Converting farmlands to wetlands is necessary to improve these conditions. Using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technologies, we derived farmland productivity data and hydrology data for the Sanjiang Plain. The farmland productivity data were derived from land use and net primary productivity (NPP) data of the MODIS products. We obtained three productivity farmland classes (low, medium, and high) through the NPP anomaly percentage method. We were only concerned with the low-productivity farmland. Hydrology data were modeled with a wetness index, which was derived from Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data. Based on these two data layers, we identified and prioritized sites for the conversion of farmlands to wetlands. The areas with low farmland productivity and medium or high wetness values have potential to support the conversion of farmlands to wetlands. Potential sites were prioritized in terms of patch size and proximity to natural wetlands and water bodies. We obtained three priority classes, among which the high-priority class would be used as the areas for the recent conversion of farmlands to wetlands. The area of this class was 75,888 ha and accounted for 1.3% of the total farmland area.     

官厅水库主要入库河流(洋河)表层沉积物重金属污染特征及风险水平

洋河是官厅水库重要的入库河流,而水体沉积物污染将直接影响水库水质安全.因此,采集了洋河水系表层沉积物,研究了6种重金属的污染特征及风险水平.结果表明,洋河水系表层沉积物中Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn的含量均值分别为0.34、59.91、30.64、30.85、39.51和129.27mg·kg~(-1).源解析表明,Cd、Pb和Zn主要来源于人为活动(富集系数EF1.5),Cr、Cu和Ni主要来源于自然过程.洋河水系表层沉积物单元素潜在生态风险顺序为CdPbCuNiCrZn,其中,Cd表现为强生态风险,特别是在支流清水河段呈现极强生态风险,其他5种重金属在流域尺度上表现为生态风险较小;6种重金属综合潜在生态危害指数均值为143.70,处于轻微风险等级.洋河水系表层沉积物中重金属无生物毒性或生物毒性发生率较低,但清水河段和干流中游段生物毒性发生率相对较高.     

西安城市不同功能区街道灰尘磁学特征及环境污染分析

为了解西安城市不同功能区的环境现状,通过采集西安城市不同功能区街道灰尘的样品,进行系统的环境磁学实验分析并结合扫描电子显微镜研究表明,街道灰尘中磁性矿物含量相对较高,多畴和假单畴的低矫顽力软磁性矿物为主要的载磁矿物,还含有赤铁矿等高矫顽力的硬磁性矿物.磁化率、饱和等温剩磁、低矫顽力软磁性矿物和非磁滞剩磁磁化率与饱和等温剩磁比值等磁性参数揭示出街道灰尘的磁学特征在西安城市不同功能区的差异以及污染的主要来源,根据污染程度划分为重度污染区、中度污染区和轻度污染区并对应西安市7个城市功能区:浐灞生态区(F区)为重度污染区,磁性物质含量较高,表明环境污染相对较重,污染的主要来源为"工业+交通";高新技术产业开发区(A区)和中心商务区(B区)磁性物质含量相对较高,粗颗粒物质相对较少,是中度污染的区域,其污染源分别为"工业"和"交通";经济技术开发区(C区)、科教商业区(D区)、科教文化产业区(E区)和教育科技产业区(G区)城市主要功能具有相似性,是轻度污染的区域,污染源主要为"交通".     

苏州市区危险品应急监测管理信息系统

为快速查询市区危险品的相关信息 ,提高应急监测的及时性、针对性、准确性 ,提出了应用计算机技术 ,建立苏州市区危险品应急监测管理信息系统 ,并对该系统的工作程序、工作内容和使用功能进行了阐述。     

PbO2电极的改性及其在难降解有机废水电化学处理中的应用

电化学方法处理难降解有机废水是一种很有前途的技术,其应用的关键是开发出高效、稳定、低成本的电极材料.PbO2电极在工业领域具有广泛的应用基础,具有较高的析氧电势和电催化活性,被认为在电化学处理难降解有机废水方面有重要的应用前景.本文对PbO2电极制备方法与改性以及在难降解有机废水电化学处理中应用的研究成果和最新进展进行了综述,并对该研究领域今后的发展趋势进行了分析.     

ZSM-5沸石的制备及其对甲基叔丁基醚的吸附性能研究

采用无模板剂水热合成法和晶种诱导水热合成法成功制备了ZSM-5沸石.使用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和BET比表面积测试等手段对合成产物进行了表征,结果显示,两种ZSM-5沸石晶体粒径均在微米级,孔道均以0.60～1.00nm的微孔为主,晶种诱导合成ZSM-5沸石微孔体积更大.采用气相色谱法分析了ZSM-5沸石对甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)的吸附性能.结果表明,晶种诱导合成的ZSM-5沸石对MTBE的吸附容量较无模板剂合成ZSM-5沸石高,原因是两种ZSM-5沸石孔道分布有差异.研究还显示,晶种诱导合成ZSM-5沸石对MTBE的吸附容量随其投加量的增大而减小,存在明显的固体浓度效应;吸附体系达吸附平衡较慢,说明MTBE在ZSM-5沸石微孔道的扩散是影响吸附平衡的控制因素;该沸石再生方便,对处理初始质量浓度为200～1000μg/L的MTBE溶液具有较好的再生吸附性能.     

NiCeY改性沸石吸附燃料油中二苯并噻吩的研究

用NaY沸石制备了负载二元金属Ni和Ce的NiCeY燃料油脱硫吸附剂,并通过静态吸附实验考察了NiCeY沸石对模拟燃油中二苯并噻吩（DBT）的吸附性能。结果表明,在正辛烷/DBT体系中,NiCeY 对DBT的吸附平衡时间为2 h;剂油比对脱硫率有明显影响,剂油比为0.1 g/mL时脱硫率达100%。在正辛烷/DBT/环己烯体系中,吸附剂对DBT吸附量的大小顺序为：NaY＜NiY＜CeY相似文献   

Stimulatory effects of biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa BSZ-07 on rice straw decomposing[G1]

Biosurfactant, produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa BSZ-07, was added to the rice straw decomposing process to enhance the production of reducing sugars. Observed by Fourier Transform InfraRed (FT-IR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance [G2](NMR) analysis, the purified biosurfactant was considered as a mixture of RL1 and RL2, which are two different types of rhamnolipids. Two different adding methods, adding the purified rhamnolipid and the on-site production of it were compared. The results showed that 0.5 g/L was the optimum concentration for adding purified rhamnolipid and the optimum temperature for on-site production was 30℃ for the first 48 h and 34℃ for the next 48 h. Under the optimum conditions, these two adding methods could improve the production of reducing sugar to 2.730 g/L and 2.504 g/L, which was 22.30% and 12.20% higher than that of the rhamnolipid-free sample, respectively, which indicated that both of them were more effective than any other kind of surfactant discussed in this article. As the on-site production of rhamnolipid could omit the purification process, thus reducing the production cost effectively, it seemed to be a prospective adding method of the biosurfactant for enhancing rice straw decomposing.     

Sustainable water–energy–environment nexus

Environmental Science and Pollution Research -     

Impact of gas impurities on the Hg0 oxidation on high iron and calcium coal ash for chemical looping combustion

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Coal-based mercury pollution from power plants has received increasing attention. In a previous study, high iron and calcium coal ash (HICCA) was...