苯并芘和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯复合暴露对稀有鮈鲫的内分泌干扰效应研究

为评价典型有机污染物共存情况下对长江上游三峡库区特有珍稀鱼类的环境风险,以稀有鮈鲫(Gobiocypris rarus)为对象,研究了多环芳烃和酞酸酯的代表物苯并芘(BaP)和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)单独及复合暴露而引起的内分泌干扰效应。将成年稀有鮈鲫暴露于不同浓度的BaP(0.1、1μg·L~(-1))、DEHP(10、100μg·L~(-1))和BaP+DEHP((0.1+10)、(1+100)μg·L~(-1))中28 d后,测定了体质系数、性激素含量、下丘脑-垂体-性腺(HPG)轴和肝脏中与生殖相关基因的表达。结果表明:在雌鱼中,单独BaP或DEHP暴露对鱼体性激素含量、基因表达量无显著影响; BaP和DEHP复合暴露时,高浓度组睾酮(T)含量升高但雌二醇(E2)含量下降,fsh、vtg、 cyp17和17β-hsd基因表达量上调,cyp19a则下调,表现出协同毒性。因而雌鱼中性激素水平的改变可能与类固醇合成相关基因表达量的改变有关。而无论在单独暴露或是复合暴露情况下,对雄鱼体内性激素无显著影响。以上检测到的激素或基因表达量的改变主要发生在高剂量的复合暴露组中,而长江上游三峡库区水体中多环芳烃和酞酸酯含量低于暴露的最低浓度,因此推测,库区存在的多环芳烃和酞酸酯同时作用时不会对三峡库区上游水体中的鱼类产生生殖内分泌干扰效应。     

Review and prospects of mining chemical dust suppressant: classification and mechanisms

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Coal mine pollution is a serious threat to the mine safe production and occupational health of miners. Chemical dust suppression can effectively...     

Fenton氧化与生化组合技术处理油田采油废水的研究

采用Fenton氧化与生化组合技术处理生物难降解的采油废水的研究结果表明 ,Fenton氧化技术不但对采油废水中有机质有较好的去除率 ,而且大大地改善了废水的可生化性 ,在H2 O2 的投加浓度和Fe2 + 与H2 O2 的摩尔比分别为10mmol/L和 0 .1的条件下 ,经过 30min氧化后可使废水BOD值由原来的 5mg/L上升至 4 0mg/L ;同时随着氧化时间的延长 ,废水中残余的有机物分子量逐渐降低。 30min氧化后的废水经过生物处理 ,其出水COD值为 10 2mg/L ,可以满足国家综合污水外排标准 ,经济分析结果表明 ,该技术处理采油废水的运行成本为 1 4 7元 /t。这一技术在解决石油行业采油废水的外排达标方面具有很好的应用前景。     

蚯蚓粪复配硼钼调理剂对土壤改良和茄子生长的影响作用

土壤质量决定着农产品的质量和农业生产的可持续发展,然而土壤退化成为农业生产的重要限制因素之一,施用土壤调理剂有利于减缓土壤退化的速度。该研究配制土壤调理剂,即蚯蚓粪:草菇渣:蛭石=6:3:1、钼酸钠50 g·kg^-1、硼酸13.3 g·kg^-1,并设5个不同的处理CK、QY-T1、QY-T2、QY-T3、QY-T4,研究该调理剂对土壤理化性质和肥力的影响作用,分析其对茄子硼、钼和生长状况的促进作用。结果表明,该调理剂能提高土壤温度,5 cm、09:00的土壤温度QY-T4较高,但10 cm、14:00的土壤温度QY-T3最高;土壤容重随着施用量的增大而显著降低至1.50 g·cm^-3以下,土壤pH值从CK的4.93提高到QY-T4的5.57、微生物量碳分别比CK高29.9%、36.1%、47.6%和52.2%,有机质分别比CK高10.8%、11.7%、12.5%和7.0%,QY-T2、QY-T3、QY-T4土壤有效硼达到0.35、0.36、0.42mg·kg^-1,QY-T1、QY-T2的有效钼分别为0.107、0.140mg·kg^-1,随着调理剂的增多而增多,但QY-T3、QY-T4分别为0.101、0.092 mg·kg^-1反而随着调理剂的增多而下降,茄子硼、钼含量都随着调理剂的增加而增大,且显著高于对照(P<0.01);总产量比CK分别提高了29%、36%、190%和66%,总个数分别增加了25%、28%、155%和66%,59 d株高和叶片面积分别比CK增高了23%、1.4%、23%、16%和6.8%、11%、9.3%、7.4%,而叶片数量,所有的处理差异不显著,因此推荐该土壤调理剂用量与QY-T3相同,为1.5×10⁴kg·hm^-2。该研究可为土壤调理剂修复土壤退化的应用提供依据。     

湛江港海区沉积物和海洋生物中重金属的富集特征分析与评价

本文利用原子荧光光度计、原子吸收分光光度计测定了湛江港表层沉积物和海洋生物中Hg、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd 5种重金属元素的含量,分析评价沉积物和海洋生物中重金属的含量分布及富集特征。结果表明,除Cd外,其它重金属元素在沉积物中的含量均高于其在海洋生物体中的含量;湛江港海域Cu、Zn、Cd在生物体内积累较严重;软体类和甲壳类从沉积物中富集Hg和Pb能力相当,但软体类从沉积物中富集Zn和Cd能力高于甲壳类、富集Cu能力低于甲壳类。与沉积物重金属含量的非参数相关分析表明,沉积物中重金属既能促进也能抑制生物体内的重金属富集,但在软体类和甲壳类两类生物体中表现不同。     

Quantifying the effect of wind on internal wave resonance in Lake Villarrica,Chile

Lake Villarrica, located in south central Chile, has a maximum depth of 167 m and a maximum fetch of about 20 km. The lake is monomictic, with a seasonal thermocline located at a depth of approximately 20 m. Field data show the presence of basin-scale internal waves that are forced by daily winds and affected by Coriolis acceleration. A modal linear and non-linear analysis of internal waves has been used, assuming a two-layer system. The numerical simulations show good agreement with the internal wave field observations. The obtained modes were used to study the energy dissipation within the system, which is necessary to control the amplitude growth. Field data and numerical simulations identify (1) the occurrence of a horizontal mode 1 Kelvin wave, with a period of about a day that coincides with the frequency of daily winds, suggesting that this mode of the Kelvin waves is in a resonant state (subject to damping and controlled by frictional effects in the field) and (2) the presence of higher-frequency internal waves, which are excited by non-linear interactions between basin-scale internal waves. The non-linear simulation indicates that only 10 % of the dissipation rate of the Kelvin wave is because of bottom friction, while the rest 90 % represents the energy that is radiated from the Kelvin wave to other modes. Also, this study shows that modes with periods between 5 and 8 h are excited by non-linear interactions between the fundamental Kelvin wave and horizontal Poincaré-type waves. A laboratory study of the resonant interaction between a periodic forcing and the internal wave field response has also been performed, confirming the resonance for the horizontal mode 1 Kelvin wave.     

石油污染对海洋生态环境的影响与防治对策

分析了石油污染对海洋生态环境的影响,提出了预防泄漏措施.     

高效填料塔生物反应器处理制药废水处理厂含硫臭气

采用装有特制ZX01型填料的生物反应器,对某药厂废水处理厂产生的含硫臭气进行了近4个月的连续脱臭试验.结果表明:该填料塔生物反应器的最大容积负荷N_v≤204g/(m³·h)时,H₂S去除率接近100%,H₂S代谢产物主要以SO₄^2-为主.采用少量含N、P等营养物的二次沉淀池出水为喷淋水,其最适喷淋率为3.56L/(L·d).该填料塔有较强的抗负荷冲击能力,塔内阻抗低,无堵塞现象,无需经常进行反冲洗,可长期稳定运行.     

A building-based data capture and data mining technique for air quality assessment

Recently, a building-based air quality model system which can predict air quality in front of individual buildings along both sides of a road has been developed. Using the Macau Peninsula as a case study, this paper shows the advantages of building-based model system in data capture and data mining. Compared with the traditional grid-based model systems with input/output spatial resolutions of 1–2 km, the building-based approach can extract the street configuration and traffic data building by building and therefore, can capture the complex spatial variation of traffic emission, urban geometry, and air pollution. The non-homogeneous distribution of air pollution in the Macau Peninsula was modeled in a high-spatial resolution of 319 receptors·km^-2. The spatial relationship among air quality, traffic flow, and urban geometry in the historic urban area is investigated. The study shows that the building-based approach may open an innovative methodology in data mining of urban spatial data for environmental assessment. The results are particularly useful to urban planners when they need to consider the influences of urban form on street environment.     

氯化四(4-磺酸钠苯基)卟啉铁(Ⅲ)催化过氧化氢氧化降解2,4,6-三氯苯酚的动力学研究

用紫外-可见分光光度法研究了水溶性金属卟啉Fe(TPPS)Cl催化H2O2氧化降解2,4,6-三氯苯酚(TCP)的动力学(TPPS为四(4-磺酸钠苯基)卟啉),探讨了反应体系酸度、H2O2/Fe(TPPS)Cl物质的量之比、温度对氧化降解速率的影响,提出了反应机理,建立了反应动力学数学模型.研究结果表明,TCP初始浓度为3.8×10-4 mol.L-1、Fe(TPPS)Cl浓度为4.0×10-5 mol.L-1、H2O2浓度为1.8×10-3mol.L-1、温度为25℃、pH值为6.8、反应时间为90 min时,TCP的降解率可达到99%,其表观活化能为10.96 kJ.mol-1.因此,Fe(TPPS)Cl作为模拟过氧化物酶在催化降解TCP过程中是一种有效的催化剂.