渗滤液中污染物的粒度分布及其应用

渗滤液是一种难于处理的废水.论述了渗滤液中污染物的粒度分布.指出了不同粒度污染物中胶体态组分富含难降解有机物和重金属,其性质稳定,含量较高,对渗滤液的处理工艺选择和去除效果影响重大.最后对渗滤液的资源化进行了初步探讨.     

废锌锰电池真空蒸馏法去除汞的研究

废锌锰电池回收利用中的正交实验,研究蒸馏温度、系统压强和蒸馏时间对去除汞的综合影响;寻找去除汞的最优工艺条件.根据实验结果,使用真空蒸馏的方法处理锌锰电池优化的工艺参数为:蒸馏温度500～600℃,蒸馏时间60～80 min,系统压强3000～7000 Pa.     

利用含油碳酸钙污泥制备橡胶填充剂

本文以中原油田含油碳酸钙污泥为研究对象,根据高分子理论化学和橡胶工程理论,论证了油田含油碳酸钙污泥开发含油橡胶填充剂的理论基础。经粉体加工,将含油碳酸钙污泥制备成实验用橡胶填充剂。通过橡胶工程实验及产品测试,结果表明,与正在使用的普通碳酸钙和纳米碳酸钙填充剂相比,含油碳酸钙污泥制备的填充剂对橡胶制品的性能没有明显的影响;在分散性、橡胶网状分子的交联性、磨耗、回弹性等方面,较普通碳酸钙和纳米碳酸钙的填充效果稍优。     

Persistent free radicals in humin under redox conditions and their impact in transforming polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

• Regulation of redox conditions promotes the generation of free radicals on HM. • HM-PFRs can be fractionated into active and inactive types depending on stability. • The newly produced PFRs readily release electrons to oxygen and generate ROS. • PFR-induced ROS mediate the transformation of organic contaminants adsorbed on HM. The role of humic substance-associated persistent free radicals (PFRs) in the fate of organic contaminants under various redox conditions remains unknown. This study examined the characterization of original metal-free peat humin (HM), and HM treated with varying concentrations of H₂O₂ and L-ascorbic acid (VC) (assigned as H₂O₂-HM and VC-HM). The concentration of PFRs in HM increased with the addition of VC/H₂O₂ at concentrations less than 0.08 M. The evolution of PFRs in HM under different environmental conditions (e.g., oxic/anoxic and humidity) was investigated. Two types of PFRs were detected in HM: a relatively stable radical existed in the original sample, and the other type, which was generated by redox treatments, was relatively unstable. The spin densities of VC/H₂O₂-HM readily returned to the original value under relatively high humidity and oxic conditions. During this process, the HM-associated “unstable” free radicals released an electron to O₂, inducing the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS, i.e., ^•OH and ^•O₂⁻). The generated ROS promoted the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons based on the radical quenching measurements. The transformation rates followed the order naphthalene>phenanthrene>anthracene>benzo[a]pyrene. Our results provide valuable insight into the HM-induced transformation of organic contaminants under natural conditions.     

印染废水处理工艺改造及其效益分析

通过实验数据分析,对本源微生物菌剂处理印染废水的有效性进行了检验。在此基础上,确定了先生物处理后絮凝的处理方式。进而分析了印染废水原处理工艺中存在的问题,并对其进行了改造,即:以本源微生物菌剂为母菌接种于印染废水中,并结合生物铁填料对其进行处理。工艺改造成功启动后,稳定运行结果显示:复合生化池和接触氧化池的处理工艺对色度和COD的平均去除率分别为:55.69%、55.63%和78.53%、78.21%;出水pH、色度和COD的平均值分别为6.6、13倍和93 mg/L,全部满足标准要求。该工艺大大减少了污泥量,且降低了处理费用。     

β-FeOOH/蜂窝陶瓷催化臭氧化高效去除饮用水中有机污染物

市售蜂窝陶瓷经过氧化铝涂层后,进一步负载β-FeOOH活性组分,制得改性蜂窝陶瓷催化剂(β-FeOOH/Ce-ramic honeycomb,β-FeOOH/CH)。与单独臭氧氧化相比,基于该催化剂的固定床反应装置体现出更好的臭氧化活性,反应20 min后,水中的2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)就可以完全去除,其矿化效率也可以达到80%以上。进一步考察了进水流速、有机物浓度等因素对多相催化臭氧化效率的影响,结果表明:β-FeOOH/CH可以显著提高臭氧的利用效率,能够有效去除水中包括2,4-D在内的多种有机污染物,而且催化剂可以重复使用,在长期的运行实验中其催化性能没有明显下降,该反应装置在饮用水深度处理领域具有很好的应用潜力。     

废弃电池能否进入废弃电器电子产品处理目录(第二批)管理的筛选评估分析

2009年2月,国务院发布《废弃电器电子产品回收处理管理条例》,成为我国废弃电器电子产品回收处理的纲领性文件。在《废弃电器电子产品处理目录(第一批)》中,明确将电视机、电冰箱、洗衣机、房间空调器、微型计算机等5种产品纳入第一批目录。同时,为了为了能够及时、客观地与经济发展、技术进步以及电器电子产品行业的发展变化等相适应,《目录》管理委员会起草了《制订和调整废弃电器电子产品处理目录的若干规定》,明确随着经济发展变化及电子产品废弃形势调整电器电子产品处理目录的原则。废弃电池在近几年来在我国增长速度很大,将来的管理形势十分紧迫。本文在此分析我国几种废弃电池(铅酸电池、镍氢电池及锂电池)的产生量、再生处理处置情况及管理政策导向。并在目录一批筛选原则的基础上利用权重分析法,筛选评估废弃电池能否进入废弃电器电子产品处理目录(第二批)管理的可能,研究显示铅酸电池已具备进入管理目录的资质。     

陕西分区烈度衰减关系研究

在合理分区、收集整理陕西及邻近地区1900年以来5级以上地震资料的基础上,利用烈度衰减的椭圆模型,采用多元稳健线性回归方法,分区统计计算得到陕西陕南、关中和陕北地区的烈度衰减关系,并对结果进行了分析讨论。     

In-situ emission characteristics of odorous gases from two food waste processing plants

Odorous gas emission is the main environmental concern of food waste treatment. Two typical food waste processing plants, one for animal feed production by hydrothermal hydrolysis + aerobic fermentation (Plant A), and the other for biogas production by anaerobic digestion (Plant B), were selected to conduct in situ monitoring of fugitive odorous gas emission for five consecutive days, and the emission characteristics of NH₃ and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) were compared in this paper. The results showed that the two processes had different emission characteristics of odorous gases. Closed-operated hydrothermal hydrolysis had positive effects on overall fugitive odor control in plant A. Meanwhile, more fugitive odor gases may be released into the environment during the pretreatment with high-temperature and seemingly-open facilities in plant B. The emission strength of odor gases at night was generally lower than that in the day since more fresh food waste was received in the day and the higher temperature and lower air pressure in the day were favorable to gas emission. In general, the process of hydrothermal hydrolysis + aerobic fermentation was more advantageous in controlling odor than the process of anaerobic digestion.     

固定化活性污泥实现短程硝化反硝化处理畜禽废水

以畜禽废水为处理对象,通过分别控制水力停留时间(HRT)、溶解氧(DO)、pH值、温度和碳氮比(C/N)等影响亚硝化的主要单因子,以使固定化活性污泥颗粒实现短程硝化反硝化反应,在连续流运行模式下进行废水脱氮实验,实验结果表明,单因子HRT为10 h,溶解氧为4 mg/L,pH值为8.5,温度为30℃,碳氮比为10时,对TN和COD的去除率分别为81.98%、93.79%;87.32%、98.35%;83.82%、93.93%;85%、97%;85.37%、97.28%,达到了理想的去除效果。