烟气干法脱硫技术

SO2是我国煤烟型大气污染的主要污染物之一，SO2对人体、植物、大气环境等都会产生很大危害；烟气脱硫技术是控制SO2污染最行之有效的途径，通过介绍高能电子活化氧化法等几种烟气干法脱硫技术的原理、工艺特点和应用现状，给出烟气干法脱硫技术在我国的发展趋势。     

新疆土壤的天然放射性核素水平

本文报道了按网格布点,在新疆广大领域采得在海拨-154～5000米地表0～20cm深的土壤样品731个,用S-85多道γ谱仪测定了土壤中天然放射性核素含量水平。结果表明,全疆土壤中铀-238、钍-232、镭-226和钾-40的含量均值分别为33.88、38.47、31.64和612.60(Bq·Kg~(-1)),面积加权均值分别为33.77、38.96、31.41和597.63(Bq·Kg~(-1)),广大领域土壤中天然放射性核素含量属正常本底水平,也存在局部区域明显较高的问题,新疆土壤中钍-232及子体、镭-226及子体和钾-40所致距地面1米高处的空气吸收剂量率分别为2.32、1.23和2.41(×10~(-8)Gy·h~(-1)),其贡献分别占39％、21％和40％,合计为5.96×10~(-8)Gy·h~(-1),与外照射测量的按网络、人口加权和面积加权均值5.81、5.76和5.94(×10~(-8)Gy·h~(-1)),仅分别相差2.5％、3.4％和0.3％。新疆土壤中铀镭的放射性总量是平衡的,但铀镭放射性的不平衡是广泛存在的。     

聚乙烯醇缩-5-甲酰基-2,4-二羟基苯偶氮安替比林液-固萃取和光度测定镍的研究

本文报道了2,4-二羟基-5-安替比林偶氮苯甲醛(DAP)及DAP与聚乙烯醇(PVA)的缩合产物(PV·DAP)的合成.并利用PV·DAP做萃取剂,析相萃取和光度测定了铝合金和环境水样中的镍.实验结果还表明,高分子显色剂与相应的小分子试剂相比,在液-固萃取方面表现为易获得高萃取率且不受萃合物电性的影响,在光度测定方面则表现出较高的灵敏度和稳定性.从而说明试剂的高分子化可改善其性能.     

优势短杆菌对多环芳烃的降解性能

本研究从长期被焦化废水污染的污泥中分离出一株优势短杆菌研究该菌株及其在无机离子存在下对蒽、菲、芘的降解性能.结果发现该菌株对蒽、菲、芘均有良好的降解效果,Fe³⁺对降解过程有促进作用,反应10h后,蒽、菲、芘转化率分别可达约75%,87%,及62%.总有机碳(TOC)的测定结果表明,该菌株在106h内能分别将反应瓶中加入的蒽、菲、芘所产生的总有机碳去除50%、90%及50%.     

皮革厂固体废弃物处理的进展

综述了国内外有关皮革厂固体废弃物处理的实验研究和工业化实施的最新进展,并展示了今后的发展方向。     

Effects of temperature on pyrolysis products of oil sludge

Temperature is the determining factor of pyrolysis, which is one of the alternative technologies for oil sludge treatment. The effects of final operating temperature ranging from 350 to 550°C on pyrolysis products of oil sludge were studied in an externally-heating fixed bed reactor. With an increase of temperature, the mass fraction of solid residues, liquids, and gases in the final product is 67.00%–56.00%, 25.60%–32.35%, and 7.40%–11.65%, and their corresponding heat values are 34.4–13.8 MJ/kg, 44.41–46.6 MJ/kg, and 23.94–48.23 MJ/Nm³, respectively. The mass and energy tend to shift from solid to liquid and gas phase (especially to liquid phase) during the process, and the optimum temperature for oil sludge pyrolysis is 500°C. The liquid phase is mainly composed of alkane and alkene (C₅–C₂₉), and the gas phase is dominantly HC_S and H₂.     

Health and Safety Perception of Workers in Turkey: A Survey of Construction Sites

This study reports the general health and safety (HS) conditions in the Turkish construction industry from the perspective of construction labor. Toward this aim, a questionnaire survey was carried out with 800 workers employed in 32 construction projects in Turkey. Contractors were found to neglect their legal liabilities in paying workers’ insurance premiums. Also, they overlooked safety training and were reluctant to hiring physicians at construction sites and investing in personal protective equipment (PPE). As the real constructors of projects, workers did not attach adequate importance to occupational training. In addition, they were not willing to use some PPE. Key participants of HS affairs such as workers, contractors, unions, and government should comprehend their drawbacks to overcome the current dangerous view of the industry. In this regard, related government bodies should compel contractors and workers to adapt to the relatively new regulations on occupational HS.     

Air pollutant emissions from the asphalt industry in Beijing, China

Improving our understanding of air pollutant emissions from the asphalt industry is critical for the development and implementation of pollution control policies. In this study, the spatial distribution of potential maximum emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the complete life cycle of asphalt mixtures, as well as the particulate matter (PM), asphalt fume, nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), VOCs, and benzoapyrene (BaP) emissions from typical processes (e.g., asphalt and concrete mixing stations, asphalt heating boilers, and asphalt storage tanks) in asphalt mixing plants, were determined in Beijing in 2017. The results indicated that the potential maximum emissions of VOCs in the complete life cycle of asphalt mixtures were 18,001 ton, with a large contribution from the districts of Daxing, Changping, and Tongzhou. The total emissions of PM, asphalt fume, NMHC, VOCs, and BaP from asphalt mixing plants were 3.1, 12.6, 3.1, 23.5, and 1.9 × 10^?3 ton, respectively. The emissions of PM from asphalt and concrete mixing stations contributed the most to the total emissions. The asphalt storage tank was the dominant emission source of VOCs, accounting for 96.1% of the total VOCs emissions in asphalt mixing plants, followed by asphalt heating boilers. The districts of Daxing, Changping, and Shunyi were the dominant regions for the emissions of PM, asphalt fume, NMHC, and BaP, while the districts of Shunyi, Tongzhou, and Changping contributed the most emissions of VOCs.