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231.
冶炼废水处理工程的设计与运行 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
采用絮凝沉淀、加压气浮、压力过滤处理冶炼废水,工程运行表明,处理前水质SS、OIL分别为500-550mg/L,L、6.22mg/L,pH值为6-9的条件下。处理后水质SS、OIL分别为34mg/L、3.2mg/L,pH值为6.51。 相似文献
232.
Zhengping Hao Hailin Wang Shumei Sun Lei Nie Zhongshen Zhang Wenpeng Li 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,123(1):127-139
Volatile organic compounds(VOCs) play an important role in the formation of ground-level ozone and secondary organic aerosol(SOA), and they have been key issues in current air pollution prevention and control in China. Considerable attention has been paid to industrial activities due to their large and relatively complex VOCs emissions. The present research aims to provide a comprehensive review on whole-process control of industrial VOCs, which mainly includes source reduction, collection enhan... 相似文献
233.
Di Wang Xuan Li Xinmin Zhang Wenjuan Zhao Weiqi Zhang Shuaifeng Wu Xia Shao Lei Nie 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(9):38-48
Emissions derived from the consumption of organic solvents have been proven to be the primary industrial source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In conjunction with epidemiologic studies, water-based paints (WBPs) and solvent-based paints (SBPs) were selected as representatives of newly developed solvents and traditional solvents, respectively, to simulate the effects of consuming solvents emitted during industrial production. And non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks to residents near emission sources were studied in detail. The results showed that the spatial distribution of health risks varied with meteorological conditions and type of emission source, and the prevailing wind direction strongly affected the distribution range and shape of the influenced area. The areas of influence maximized on heavy-polluting days for both WBP and SBP emission sources with the total span reaching 804 m and 16 km, respectively; meanwhile, the areas of influence for carcinogenic risk resulting from WBP emission sources were 1.2 and 2.3 times greater than those measured on fine and rainy days, respectively, and 1.8 and 2.9 times greater for SBP emission sources. Compared with WBPs, the total spans of negatively influenced regions resulting from SBP emission sources were 10.4, 12.5 and 19.9 times greater on fine, rainy and heavy-polluting days, respectively. Therefore, carcinogenic risk was the dominant health threat for populations residing close to solvent-consuming industrial emission sources. The findings suggest that newly developed solvents are capable of significantly reducing consequent health threats, nevertheless, they could still pose occasional threats to nearby residents under specific meteorological conditions. 相似文献
234.
235.
Size-resolved aerosol ionic composition and secondary formation at Mount Heng in South Central China
Xinfeng WANG Wenxing WANG Likun XUE Xiaomei GAO Wei NIE Yangchun YU Yang ZHOU Lingxiao YANG Qingzhu ZHANG Tao WANG 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2013,7(6):815-826
To understand the size-resolved aerosol ionic composition and the factors influencing secondary aerosol formation in the upper boundary layer in South Central China, size-segregated aerosol samples were collected using a micro-orifice uniform deposit irnpactor (MOUDI) in spring 2009 at the summit of Mount Heng (1269 m asl), followed by subsequent laboratory analyses of 13 inorganic and organic water-soluble ions. During non- dust-storm periods, the average PM1.8 concentration was 41.8 μg·m^-3, contributing to 55% of the PM10. Sulfates, nitrates, and ammonium, the dominant ions in the fine particles, amounted to 46.8% of the PM1.8. Compared with Mount Tai in the North China Plain, the concentrations of both fine and coarse particles and the ions contained therein were substantially lower. When the air masses from Southeast Asia prevailed, intensive biomass burning there led to elevated concentrations of sulfates, nitrates, ammonium, potassium, and chloride in the fine particles at Mount Heng. The air masses originating from the north Gobi brought heavy dust storms that resulted in the remarkable production of sulfates, ammonium, methane sulfonic acid, and oxalates in the coarse particles. Generally, the sulfates were primarily produced in the form of (NH4)2SO4 in the droplet mode via heterogeneous aqueous reactions. Only approximately one-third of the nitrates were distributed in the fine mode, and high humidity facilitated the secondary formation of fine nitrates. The heterogeneous formation of coarse nitrates and ammonium on dry alkaline dust surfaces was found to be less efficient than that on the coarse particles during non-dust-storm periods. 相似文献
236.
采用平衡解吸法研究了沙土不同有机组分对磷的解吸附特征影响。结果表明,通过过氧化氢去除有机质后的沙土使磷的解吸比例(Dr=0.94)大幅度增加,解吸迟滞性指数(TⅡ=0.05)显著降低;有机质是影响磷在沙土上解吸特征的重要因素;磷在橡胶态胶体(轻组有机组分)上的表面分配作用吸附是导致解吸比例(Dr=0.81)增大,解吸迟滞性指数(TⅡ=0.05)减小的原因;稳结态腐殖质中的胡敏酸在对磷的吸着和滞留过程中发挥重要作用,HⅡ+HⅢ组(Dr=0.57、TⅡ=0.30);磷在紧结态腐殖质所形成的团聚体结构中引起的团聚体结构不可逆形变是导致磷的解吸比例(HⅢ组Dr=0.24)降低,解吸迟滞性指数(HⅢ组TⅡ=0.49)增大的根本原因,考查土壤磷的解吸特征不但要考虑有机质的含量,更要考虑有机质的存在形态,它也是影响土壤磷解吸特征的重要因素,轻组有机组分、重组有机组分、以及重组有机组分中的稳结态腐殖质、紧结态腐殖质所携载的吸附态磷进入水体后对上覆水体的释放通量可分别按其饱和吸附量的81%、66%、57%和24%进行估算。 相似文献
237.
2,2’,4,4’-四溴联苯醚对大型溞的毒性效应 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
以实验室培养的大型溞为受试生物,进行了2,2’,4,4’-四溴联苯醚(BDE-47)对大型溞的48h急性毒性实验和21d慢性毒性实验,并研究了暴露在不同质量浓度和处理时间的BDE-47中,大型溞的抗氧化酶系中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)的酶活性变化。结果表明,BDE-47对大型溞的48h的半致死浓度为1.04mg·L-1,属于高毒物质;在BDE-47慢性毒性实验低浓度处理组中,大型溞的体长及繁殖能力受到了抑制,而高浓度处理组中大型溞的体长及繁殖能力上升,其中第一次产仔数和产卵总数是表征BDE-47慢性毒性的最灵敏参数。随着BDE-47浓度的增加,大型溞SOD和GST活性均呈现出低浓度诱导高浓度抑制的现象。SOD和GST均表现出一定的敏感性,但相对SOD,GST对BDE-47暴露更为敏感。 相似文献
238.
Guangxia QI Dongbei YUE Yongfeng NIE 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2012,6(5):711-716
Considerable organic matter remains in municipal solid waste landfill leachate after biological treatments. Humic substances (HSs) dominate the organic matter in bio-treated landfill leachate. In this study, the HSs from landfill leachate treated by membrane bioreactor (MBR-HSs) were analyzed via elemental analysis, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and charge polarized magic-angle spinning-13C-nuclear magnetic resonance. The characteristic absorption in the UV wavelength range indicated the presence of high C=C and C=O double bonds within the MBR-HSs. Compared with commercial HSs, MBR-HSs had lower carbon content [48.14% for fulvic acids (FA) and 49.52% for humic acids (HA)], higher nitrogen content (4.31% for FA and 6.16% for HA), lower aromatic structure content, and higher carbohydrate and carboxylic atoms of carbon content. FA predominantly had an aliphatic structure, and HA had less condensed or substituted aromatic ring structures than natural HA. The aromatic carbon content of MBR-HSs was lower than that of humus-derived HSs but higher than that of waste-derived HSs, indicating that MBR-HSs appeared to be more similar to humus-derived HSs than waste-derived HA. 相似文献
239.
Jianguo LIU Xiaoqin NIE Xianwei ZENG Zhaoji SU 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2012,6(3):437-443
The cement-based solidification/stabilization (S/S) of nitrobenzene (NB) contaminated soils, with cement and lime as binders, sodium silicate solution and powder activated carbon (PAC) as additives, was optimized through an orthogonal experiment, and S/S efficiency was estimated by both leaching test and volatilization measurement. The leaching test results showed that the factors affecting S/S efficiency were NB concentration, cement-to-lime ratio and binder-to-soils ratio, in sequence. With increasing curing time, the leaching concentration of NB between different levels of the same factor in the orthogonal experiment decreased, and less than 9% NB leached out from the 28 d cured samples. The volatilization measurement results indicated that 0.5‰ of NB was volatilized during the mixing and curing processes for the samples without PAC in the 28 d cycle, whereas adding 2 wt% and 5 wt% PAC, with respect to the weight of contaminated soils, could reduce NB volatilization to half of its original values either during the mixing or curing process. The optimizing formula, that is, contaminated soils (dry weight):cement:lime= 100:25:25, with 5 wt% additional sodium silicate and 2 wt% additional PAC, was applied to the engineering application of NB contaminated soils. Both the leaching test results of the product and the ambient air quality monitoring results met related regulations during the treating process. 相似文献
240.
In order to solve the problem of poor affusion effect on low permeability coal seam, the paper analyzes the micro process of the coal seam water infusion in wetting coal and determines the main factors affecting coal seam water infusion. The permeability of the NO.3 coal seam in east working face of Xingcun coal mine by MTS815.03 servo-controlled rock mechanical test system has been tested. Results show that when the peak stress in coal sample specimens reaches 48.53 MPa, permeability ranges from 0.5158 to 2.9576 × 10−8 Darcy, and it means that the coal seam is low in permeability and difficult in water injection. Based on the characteristics of low permeability and geostress situation, efficient fluctuation water injection technology with permeable agent and relevant process parameters have been designed. The surface tension of the permeable agent developed here is 31.18 m N/m when mass concentration reaches 0.05%. The permeable agent can permeate into 2 cm thick coal layer completely in 10 s, thus improving the wettability of water effectively and the water injection pressure fluctuates between 7 MPa and 25 MPa. The application of the technique in the 3rd coal seam in east working face of Xingcun coal mine shows not only single-arch injection experienced a significant increase on average, from no more than 10 m3 to 63.3886 m3, but also the effect of dust fall, cooling and rock burst prevention is remarkable. 相似文献