废催化剂浸出规律的动态模拟实验方法

利用小柱浸出实验装置对废催化剂中重金属的浸出规律进行了动态模拟研究。实验发现,在非饱和水条件下,重金属自废催化剂中浸出的浓度并没有随实验时间的增长而变化,重金属的浸出速率却随废物层饱水度的增加而显著增加,说明提高水分的入渗能够提高有害成分的浸出速率,实际上是提高了在害物质浸出的总量,因此,在危险废物填埋场中降低水分入渗可以减少有害物质的浸出。     

强化混凝与活性炭联用处理赣江微污染水源水试验

采用强化混凝与活性炭联用技术对赣江微污染水源水处理进行试验研究。试验结果表明,强化混凝与活性炭联用较常规工艺能减小出水浊度,显著提高CODMn和UV254的去除率,并有效控制出水余铝含量。原水CODMn为4.10~4.25mg/L左右,UV254为0.2~0.3mg/L时,中试系统出水浊度降低了12%左右,出水CODMn和UV254分别为0.5~0.7mg/L和0.015~0.025mg/L,各自去除率较传统工艺分别提高了36%和40%左右。试验出水余铝浓度均<0.2mg/L,NH3-N去除率没有明显提高。     

Adsorption and desorption of herbicide monosulfuron-ester in Chinese soils

Monosulfuron-ester is a new, low rate, sulfonylurea herbicide that is being promoted for annual broadleaf and gramineal weed control; however, there is a lack of published information on its behavior in soils. The adsorption and desorption of monosulfuronester by seven type soils were measured using a batch equilibrium technique. The results showed that the Freundlich equation fitted its adsorption and desorption well, and the Freundlich constant values (Kf-ads) ranged from 0.88 to 5.66. Adsorption isotherms were nonlinear with 1/nf-ads values < 1. Soil pH, organic matter (OM), and clay content were the main factors influencing its adsorption and desorption. Adsorption and desorption were negatively correlated with pH 4.0–8.0 while positively correlated with OM and clay content. The adsorption of monosulfuron-ester was mainly a physical process, because its free energy (ΔG) in seven soils was less than 40 kJ/mol. Monosulfuron-ester adsorption by three soils increased with increasing CaCl2 concentration using CaCl2 as a background electrolyte. Monosulfuron-ester desorption was hysteretic in all tested soils.     

Efficient degradation of chlorobenzene in a non-thermal plasma catalytic reactor supported on CeO2/HZSM-5 catalysts

Chlorobenzene removal was investigated in a non-thermal plasma reactor using CeO₂/HZSM-5 catalysts. The performance of catalysts was evaluated in terms of removal and energy efficiency. The decomposition products of chlorobenzene were analyzed. The results show that CeO₂/HZSM-5 exhibited a good catalytic activity, which resulted in enhancements of chlorobenzene removal, energy efficiency, and the formation of lower amounts of by-products. With regards to CO₂ selectivity, the presence of catalysts favors the oxidation of by-products, leading to a higher CO₂ selectivity. With respect to ozone, which is considered as an unavoidable by-product in air plasma reactors, a noticeable decrease in its concentration was observed in the presence of catalysts. Furthermore, the stability of the catalyst was investigated by analyzing the evolution of conversion in time. The experiment results indicated that CeO₂/HZSM-5 catalysts have excellent stability: chlorobenzene conversion only decreased from 78% to 60% after 75 hr, which means that the CeO₂/HZSM-5 suffered a slight deactivation. Some organic compounds and chlorinated intermediates were adsorbed or deposited on the catalysts surface as shown by the results of Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analyses of the catalyst before and after the reaction, revealing the cause of catalyst deactivation.     

新型人工合成膨润土防渗卷材的研制及其渗透性能

将膨润土和胶粘剂加以混合 ,结合国外先进的粘结工艺 ,制成防渗卷材 .对膨润土类型、外封装用材料及胶粘剂的确定 ,卷材的成型工艺及卷材的渗透性能研究结果表明 ,钠基膨润土的渗透性能优于钙基膨润土 .在人工钠土中无论是加入聚丙烯酸酯类乳液还是 PM植物胶 ,在掺加的比例一定时 ,随着密度的增大 ,渗透系数下降 ;在相同密度下 ,随着掺加的比例增大 ,渗透系数下降 .人工钠土的渗透系数与水力坡度呈线性关系 .膨润土及其胶粘剂卷材与模拟浸出液间的化学配伍性较好 .膨润土卷材具有良好的自封闭性 ,在材料受损的情况下也能够通过自封闭作用达到较好的“焊接”效果 .     

水生生态系统在污水处理中的应用

利用水生生态系统治理水体污染是污水处理领域的研究热点之一.综述了水生生态系统在处理污水中的应用现状,分析了影响处理效果的主要因素,并探讨了水生生态系统处理废水的运行机理,展望了水生生态系统的发展前景.     

水生生态系统在污水处理中的应用

利用水生生态系统治理水体污染是污水处理领域的研究热点之一.综述了水生生态系统在处理污水中的应用现状,分析了影响处理效果的主要因素,并探讨了水生生态系统处理废水的运行机理,展望了水生生态系统的发展前景.     

布袋除尘器和活性炭滤布对烟气中二噁英类的去除效果

通过实验研究了布袋除尘器、活性炭滤布吸附器以及二者的组合对小型垃圾焚烧炉烟气中二噁英类的去除效果.在炉膛温度850℃～900℃的条件下,3种方法对烟气中二噁英类的去除率分别为39.7%、61.9%、93.4%采用布袋除尘器+活性炭滤布吸附器能够在降低运行费用的同时使二噁英类的排放符合国家标准     

环境因素对土壤含硫气体释放的影响

研究了温度、光照条件两种环境因素对添加不同硫源（胱氨酸、硫酸二乙酯和硫酸钠）土壤含硫气体释放的影响。结果表明,随着培养温度升高,含硫气体释放量增大,而且释放气体种类增多。COS在各种不同处理的土样中均有释放。除添加硫酸二乙酯的土样外,其它各种土样COS释放量与培养温度有很好的相关性,相关系数在0．95以上。添加胱氨酸的土样,含硫气体释放明显高于其它土样,光照条件变化对各种含硫气体释放量影响不大,但在弱光和无光照条件下检出的含硫气体种类较多。     

沙土不同有机组分对磷的解吸特征影响

采用平衡解吸法研究了沙土不同有机组分对磷的解吸附特征影响。结果表明,通过过氧化氢去除有机质后的沙土使磷的解吸比例（Dr=0.94）大幅度增加,解吸迟滞性指数（TⅡ=0.05）显著降低;有机质是影响磷在沙土上解吸特征的重要因素;磷在橡胶态胶体（轻组有机组分）上的表面分配作用吸附是导致解吸比例（Dr=0.81）增大,解吸迟滞性指数（TⅡ=0.05）减小的原因;稳结态腐殖质中的胡敏酸在对磷的吸着和滞留过程中发挥重要作用,HⅡ＋HⅢ组（Dr=0.57、TⅡ=0.30）;磷在紧结态腐殖质所形成的团聚体结构中引起的团聚体结构不可逆形变是导致磷的解吸比例（HⅢ组Dr=0.24）降低,解吸迟滞性指数（HⅢ组TⅡ=0.49）增大的根本原因,考查土壤磷的解吸特征不但要考虑有机质的含量,更要考虑有机质的存在形态,它也是影响土壤磷解吸特征的重要因素,轻组有机组分、重组有机组分、以及重组有机组分中的稳结态腐殖质、紧结态腐殖质所携载的吸附态磷进入水体后对上覆水体的释放通量可分别按其饱和吸附量的81%、66%、57%和24%进行估算。