污染物在下包气带非饱水条件下迁移转化的研究

一、前言 城市污水施于农田,其中的污染物可能潜入地下水中造成危害,为了控制这种现象的发生,有必要开展污染物在地下包括下包气带的迁移转化规律研究,以供制订有关标准的依据。     

微波强化有机改性膨润土对磷的吸附特性研究

利用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)在微波辐射条件下对浙江临安膨润土进行改性,制得有机改性膨润土,利用其含磷模拟废水进行处理,考察了不同的工艺条件如有机改性剂用量、微波辐射强度、辐照时间、吸附时间、改性膨润土投加量、pH值对废水中磷去除效果的影响。结果表明:在有机改性剂用量为3 mmol/g,微波辐照强度为96 W/g,微波辐照时间8 min为最佳制备条件。改性膨润土用量为12 mg/L,反应时间为15 min,溶液pH为7及常温条件下,改性膨润土对浓度为50 mg/L的含磷废水去除率达到97.3%,吸附符合Freundlich吸附等温方程。     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液的蒸发处理工艺

垃圾填埋场渗滤液是一种难于处理的废水。本文首先对垃圾渗滤液处理工艺所存在的问题进行分析 ,指出蒸发处理垃圾渗滤液是一类有发展前景的工艺 ,然后综述了垃圾填埋场渗滤液的蒸发处理工艺     

贵州西南地区慢性铊中毒途径研究

铊中毒区土壤、植物中铊含量均很高，铊中毒途径主要是食用高铊蔬菜，进入人体长期积累，导致慢性铊中毒。     

Development and prospects of municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration in China

With the lack of space for new landfills, municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration is playing an increasingly important role in municipal solid waste management in China. The literatures on certain aspects of incineration plants in China are reviewed in this paper, including the development and status of the application of MSW incineration technologies, the treatment of leachate from stored MSW, air pollution control technologies, and the status of the fly-ash control method. Energy policy and its promotion of MSW-to-energy conversion are also elucidated.     

大气中黑碳的健康效应及机制研究进展

虽然人类社会不断进步发展,但大量工业和自然排放也导致了严重的空气污染。大气颗粒物是大气污染物的主要成分之一,黑碳是其中的重要组成成分,被国际癌症研究机构(IARC)归类为2B类致癌物。黑碳可以吸附其他致癌物质,会对环境和人体健康产生不利影响,因此黑碳暴露对人类的危害得到越来越多的重视。空气中黑碳的水平与心血管、呼吸和神经系统疾病的发生都有关系;黑碳主要通过引起氧化应激和炎症反应,诱发基因突变等一系列损伤。虽然现今对于黑碳健康效应的研究已取得了一些进展,但研究多数处于起步阶段,且仅针对黑碳本身进行单独研究,未来还需要加强开展对黑碳和其他污染物联合毒性效应及机制的研究。本综述主要针对近年来已开展的研究进行了总结归纳。     

Municipal solid waste characteristics and management in China

The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the current status and identify the problems of municipal solid waste (MSW) management in China in order to determine appropriate remedial strategies. This is the first of two papers, discussing primarily the general characteristics of MSW and its management in China. The second paper focuses on specific remedial strategies. MSW generation in China has increased rapidly in the past 20 years from 31.3 million tons in 1980 to 113.0 million tons in 1998. The annual rate of increase is 3-10%. The average generation per capita is 1.0 kg/day (0.38 t/year). Nearly one-half of the waste generated is dumped in the suburbs, where the accumulated quantity has reached 6 billion tons, which has caused heavy environmental pollution. This paper provides information on MSW management in China, such as MSW generation and its physical, chemical, and biological properties. Low calorific value and high moisture content characterize China's municipal waste. Other issues related to MSW management in China are also discussed, including the factors that influence MSW generation quantity and     

废水产氢产酸/同型产乙酸耦合产酸条件优化

为了更好地发挥产氢产酸/同型产乙酸耦合系统在废水厌氧发酵生产乙酸方面的优势,有必要寻找一种简单有效的方法以获得该系统产酸的优化条件.利用经过加热处理并活化的厌氧污泥作种泥,以模拟废水中的葡萄糖为底物,针对发酵时间、底物浓度、种泥浓度、初始pH进行4因素10水平均匀设计实验,得到了乙酸生产指标与产酸条件之间关系的回归方程;也得到了以高乙酸产量为主要目标导向同时兼顾高乙酸产率和高乙酸生产强度目标的优化条件;优化条件实验乙酸浓度比均匀设计中最高乙酸浓度提高20%左右.研究表明,将均匀设计应用于废水产氢产酸/同型产乙酸耦合产酸条件优化,可以避免盲目性,迅速获得满意结果.     

Long-term impacts of reservoir operation on the spatiotemporal variation in nitrogen forms in the post-Three Gorges Dam period (2004–2016)

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient limiting life, and its biochemical cycling and distribution in rivers have been markedly affected by river...     

与地震危险性分析结果相一致的震害预测方法

本文提出了一种基于地震危险性分析结果的震害预测方法,其震害预测结果与地震危险性分析结果相一致。并以房屋倒塌及人员死亡两个单项震害为例,说明如何把地震危险性分析结果与震害预测相结合。