利用含油碳酸钙污泥制备橡胶填充剂

本文以中原油田含油碳酸钙污泥为研究对象,根据高分子理论化学和橡胶工程理论,论证了油田含油碳酸钙污泥开发含油橡胶填充剂的理论基础。经粉体加工,将含油碳酸钙污泥制备成实验用橡胶填充剂。通过橡胶工程实验及产品测试,结果表明,与正在使用的普通碳酸钙和纳米碳酸钙填充剂相比,含油碳酸钙污泥制备的填充剂对橡胶制品的性能没有明显的影响;在分散性、橡胶网状分子的交联性、磨耗、回弹性等方面,较普通碳酸钙和纳米碳酸钙的填充效果稍优。     

废锌锰电池真空蒸馏法去除汞的研究

废锌锰电池回收利用中的正交实验,研究蒸馏温度、系统压强和蒸馏时间对去除汞的综合影响;寻找去除汞的最优工艺条件.根据实验结果,使用真空蒸馏的方法处理锌锰电池优化的工艺参数为:蒸馏温度500～600℃,蒸馏时间60～80 min,系统压强3000～7000 Pa.     

渗滤液中污染物的粒度分布及其应用

渗滤液是一种难于处理的废水.论述了渗滤液中污染物的粒度分布.指出了不同粒度污染物中胶体态组分富含难降解有机物和重金属,其性质稳定,含量较高,对渗滤液的处理工艺选择和去除效果影响重大.最后对渗滤液的资源化进行了初步探讨.     

PTA装置的清洁生产

通过对精对苯二甲酸(PTA)装置进行“三废处理”、资源综合利用和生产工艺设备改造后,实现了清洁生产,达到了PTA装置环境保护目标。     

Persistent free radicals in humin under redox conditions and their impact in transforming polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

• Regulation of redox conditions promotes the generation of free radicals on HM. • HM-PFRs can be fractionated into active and inactive types depending on stability. • The newly produced PFRs readily release electrons to oxygen and generate ROS. • PFR-induced ROS mediate the transformation of organic contaminants adsorbed on HM. The role of humic substance-associated persistent free radicals (PFRs) in the fate of organic contaminants under various redox conditions remains unknown. This study examined the characterization of original metal-free peat humin (HM), and HM treated with varying concentrations of H₂O₂ and L-ascorbic acid (VC) (assigned as H₂O₂-HM and VC-HM). The concentration of PFRs in HM increased with the addition of VC/H₂O₂ at concentrations less than 0.08 M. The evolution of PFRs in HM under different environmental conditions (e.g., oxic/anoxic and humidity) was investigated. Two types of PFRs were detected in HM: a relatively stable radical existed in the original sample, and the other type, which was generated by redox treatments, was relatively unstable. The spin densities of VC/H₂O₂-HM readily returned to the original value under relatively high humidity and oxic conditions. During this process, the HM-associated “unstable” free radicals released an electron to O₂, inducing the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS, i.e., ^•OH and ^•O₂⁻). The generated ROS promoted the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons based on the radical quenching measurements. The transformation rates followed the order naphthalene>phenanthrene>anthracene>benzo[a]pyrene. Our results provide valuable insight into the HM-induced transformation of organic contaminants under natural conditions.     

废弃电池能否进入废弃电器电子产品处理目录(第二批)管理的筛选评估分析

2009年2月,国务院发布《废弃电器电子产品回收处理管理条例》,成为我国废弃电器电子产品回收处理的纲领性文件。在《废弃电器电子产品处理目录(第一批)》中,明确将电视机、电冰箱、洗衣机、房间空调器、微型计算机等5种产品纳入第一批目录。同时,为了为了能够及时、客观地与经济发展、技术进步以及电器电子产品行业的发展变化等相适应,《目录》管理委员会起草了《制订和调整废弃电器电子产品处理目录的若干规定》,明确随着经济发展变化及电子产品废弃形势调整电器电子产品处理目录的原则。废弃电池在近几年来在我国增长速度很大,将来的管理形势十分紧迫。本文在此分析我国几种废弃电池(铅酸电池、镍氢电池及锂电池)的产生量、再生处理处置情况及管理政策导向。并在目录一批筛选原则的基础上利用权重分析法,筛选评估废弃电池能否进入废弃电器电子产品处理目录(第二批)管理的可能,研究显示铅酸电池已具备进入管理目录的资质。     

印染废水处理工艺改造及其效益分析

通过实验数据分析,对本源微生物菌剂处理印染废水的有效性进行了检验。在此基础上,确定了先生物处理后絮凝的处理方式。进而分析了印染废水原处理工艺中存在的问题,并对其进行了改造,即:以本源微生物菌剂为母菌接种于印染废水中,并结合生物铁填料对其进行处理。工艺改造成功启动后,稳定运行结果显示:复合生化池和接触氧化池的处理工艺对色度和COD的平均去除率分别为:55.69%、55.63%和78.53%、78.21%;出水pH、色度和COD的平均值分别为6.6、13倍和93 mg/L,全部满足标准要求。该工艺大大减少了污泥量,且降低了处理费用。     

硫酸法制二氧化钛生产中废酸浓缩技术的述评

介绍和评价了国内外硫酸法制二氧化钛生产中废酸的浓缩技术,从工艺、设备及材质3方面分析了国内在二氧化钛废酸处理中存在的问题,指出最有效的解决措施是：以防为主,改善工艺条件;使硫完全参与反应,减少硫的损失和对环境的破坏;完善配套设施,提高设备质量;综合考虑废酸、新酸和钛铁矿的物料配比;选择耐腐蚀性较好的复合材料作为设备材质;最终使废酸少产生或无产生。     

Trophic relationships and health risk assessments of trace metals in the aquaculture pond ecosystem of Pearl River Delta,China

Cadmium, lead, zinc, Chromium, copper, nickel and manganese in sediments and in aquatic organisms were collected from the aquaculture pond ecosystem of the Pearl River Delta (PRD), China and analyzed to evaluate bioaccumulation and trophic transfer in food chains, as well as the potential health risk of exposure to the Hong Kong residents via dietary intake of these aquatic products. The results revealed that based on the biota–sediment accumulation factor, omnivorous fish and zooplankton accumulated more trace metals from sediment than carnivorous fish. Concentrations of seven trace metals in aquaculture pond of PRD significantly decreased with increasing trophic levels, showing that these trace metals were trophically diluted in predatory and omnivorous food chains. The hazard index values of all fish species were smaller than 1 for adults and children, indicating there was no health risk from the multiple metals via ingestion of the freshwater fish for the inhabitants.     

水稻土中半胱氨酸分解产生含硫气体的研究

在室内培养条件下,测定了水稻土中含硫气体的释放．结果表明,该土壤中有硫化氢(Ｈ２Ｓ),羰基硫(ＣＯＳ),二甲基硫(ＤＭＳ)三种气体释放．当土壤中加入半胱氨酸后,ＣＯＳ和Ｈ２Ｓ气体的浓度有了明显增加,并有ＣＳ２和ＣＨ３ＳＨ测出,而ＤＭＳ的浓度变化不大．这些结果表明半胱氨酸的分解可能是 ＣＯＳ,Ｈ２Ｓ,ＣＳ２和 ＣＨ３ＳＨ的产生源之一．在好氧(正常大气)条件下,Ｈ２Ｓ,ＣＯＳ,ＣＳ２和ＣＨ３ＳＨ的释放量低于厌氧(氮气氛围)条件下的释放量,ＤＭＳ则高于厌氧条件下．这表明水稻土中半胱氨酸分解产生 Ｈ２Ｓ,ＣＯＳ,ＣＳ２和 ＣＨ３ＳＨ需较强的还原条件,产生这四种气体的微生物需要严格的厌氧条件．产生ＤＭＳ的微生物则比前者需要高一些的含氧量．在光照条件下,各含硫气体的释放量普遍高于无光照条件下的释放量．释放含硫气体的大多数微生物适宜的含水率为５０%且对土壤的ｐＨ值有一定要求．