The expansion process of a Stellera chamaejasme population in a degraded alpine meadow of Northwest China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The expansion of poisonous plants can change vegetation community structures and affect grassland ecosystem service values. Stellera chamaejasme is...     

湿热处理餐厨废弃物不饱和脂肪酸

为了研究湿热水解技术对餐厨废弃物中脂类物质的影响,促进餐厨废弃物的资源化处理利用,通过实验研究,分析了餐厨废弃物固相中油酸、亚油酸、α-亚麻酸和花生四烯酸4种不饱和脂肪酸在90～140℃湿热条件下处理随时间的变化规律。结果表明：实验所取餐厨废弃物经湿热处理后固相中油酸和亚油酸的含量相对较高,约为30％,花生四烯酸的含量较低,约为0．3％,随着加热时间延长,亚油酸在湿热环境下发生化学分解,其含量不断降低,而花生四烯酸的含量显著增加。当加热温度为100～120℃,加热时间为30-60min时,餐厨废弃物脂类含量比较稳定,作为适宜的湿热处理条件。值得注意的是,湿热处理后的餐厨废弃物中花生四烯酸的含量只约为0．3％,不能满足饲料标准中2％的要求。     

Identification and characterization of the atmospheric emission of polychlorinated naphthalenes from electric arc furnaces

Electric arc furnaces (EAF) are well recognized as significant sources of dioxins. EAFs have also been speculated to be sources of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) due to the close correlation between dioxin and PCN formation. However, assessment on PCN emissions from EAFs has not been carried out. The primary aim of this preliminary study is to identify and characterize the atmospheric emission of PCNs from EAFs. In this preliminary study, stack gas samples from two typical EAFs with different scales (EAF-1, 160?t batch(-1); and EAF-2, 60?t batch(-1)) were collected by automatic isokinetic sampling technique, and PCN congeners in samples were analyzed by isotope dilution high-resolution gas chromatography combined with high-resolution mass spectrometry method. Emission concentrations of PCNs were 458 and 1,099?ng?m(-3) for EAF-1 and EAF-2, respectively. The emission factors of PCNs to air were 21.6 and 30.1?ng toxic equivalent t(-1) for EAF-1 and EAF-2, respectively, which suggested that EAF is an important source of PCN release. With regard to the characteristics of PCNs from EAFs, lower chlorinated homologues were dominant. The PCN congeners comprised of CN27/30, CN52/60, CN66/67, and CN73 were the most abundant congeners for tetra-, penta-, hexa-, and hepta-chlorinated homologues, respectively. EAFs were identified to be an important PCN source, and the obtained data are useful for developing a PCN inventory. The congener profiles of PCNs presented here might provide helpful information for identifying the specific sources of PCNs emitted from EAFs.     

Laboratory-scale experiments applied to the design of a two-stage submerged combustion evaporation system

To simulate a submerged combustion evaporation (SCE) process under laboratory conditions, this study conducted three kinds of indirect-heating evaporation experiments, including normal evaporation, vacuum evaporation, and gas-carrying evaporation experiments on mature municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill leachate. The results showed that the organic concentrations in terms of COD in condensates were always very high at the beginning, then decreased rapidly, and stabilized at a low level, which suggests that only the forepart of vapors need to be safely treated to control the discharge of organic pollutants. This study applied the process in developing a two-stage SCE system, which has been implemented for the treatment of biologically pretreated and concentrated leachate from Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) and Reverse Osmosis (RO) combined process in the Beishenshu MSW Landfill, Beijing, China. The result shows that the two-stage SCE system can successfully further concentrate refractory organic matter in concentrated leachate and remove volatile organics from the vapor.     

中山市城区建筑物抗震能力与抗震措施研究

通过对广东省中山市城区建筑物震害预测的分析研究,明确了中山市城区当前建筑物存在的抗震薄弱环节,确定了危旧房屋集中地段的分布,给出了中山市城区建筑物抗震能力综合评价,对重要建筑物的安全程度做出了判断,最后提出了提高建筑物抗震能力的抗震措施。     

The association between maternal perfluoroalkyl substances exposure and early attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Some studies have shown that maternal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) may be associated with early attention deficit hyperactivity...     

乌梁素海生态健康与鸟类服务功能调查

干旱半干旱区湿地生态系统服务功能对区域环境具有重要的意义.乌梁素海是世界半荒漠地区极为少见的具有很高生态效益的大型多功能湖泊,为典型的草型水体富营养化湖泊.乌梁素海因其独特的地理位置而具有水质净化、野生动物栖息地、野生动物的食物来源地等重要的生态功能,是优越的栖息繁殖和避难场所,是中亚线路的必经之地.近年来,乌梁素海连续暴发了“黄苔”事件,湖泊生态的健康出现了问题,生态的服务功能让人担忧.文章从乌梁素海的生态健康状况入手,分析了生态健康与生态服务功能的变化,特别关注湿地对鸟类营养供给水平的能力,分析了栖息地鸟类的动态演变,对湖泊生态健康变化中的鸟类生态安全问题进行了诠释.分析认为,虽然乌梁素海水质劣,渔业功能下降,但生物量总量变化小,鸟类的种群及数量均有增加.     

先期示范院校职业教育教学能力测评实施策略

通过梳理国家示范高职院校等先期建设院校的经验,认为测评实施的策略选择是组建专门领导机构;先培训后测评;分批进行,稳步推进;以项目课程开发为依托;与教师下厂实践相结合;注重测评成果的应用等。